جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Paying attention to the activity of medicinal plants is one of the analytical approaches in the field of rural development studies. This study tried to analyze the obstacles to the activity of medicinal plants in the cold-weather rural areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The statistical population consisted of 13 villages of cold regions of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. Considering the census of 2021 and based on Cochran's formula, 383 questionnaires were randomly distributed among local people. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The attitude of the local people in 13 villages of this province was investigated and measured. To answer the questions of the research, factor analysis was used. Therefore, the value of KMO for examining the obstacles to the activities of medicinal plants was 0.696 and Bartlett's value was 630.019, which was significant at the 99% confidence level. They explain the percentage of variance of all the variables and 46.696% of the remaining variance is related to other factors that have not been predicted. So, the first factor, economic barriers with its specific value (3.269), explained more than 11.273% of the total variances, and the sixth factor is information barriers with a specific value of 2.273 and its variance value is 7.838 is in the last factor. The results showed that there were many obstacles in carrying out medicinal plant activities in rural areas.

Achieving optimal housing status in the world is one of the important indicators of economic and social development. However, there are several major problems facing city managers, planners and policymakers to provide adequate housing. The aim of this study was to analyze the indicators of housing and construction in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and its research method is comparative analytical and the scope of the research is 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. Using the multi characteristic Aras technique, an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate the selected indicators related to the housing and construction sector. The quantitative results of the research show that the highest value of the total desirability index belonged to the cities of Yasuj and Dogonbadan. The highest score of Aras technique for housing and construction indicators has been assigned to Yasuj city (0/971) and in this regard, the score of Dogonbadan city (0/306) has been obtained. The score of Lekak (0/139), Dehdasht (0/138) and Sisakht (0/056) have been obtained and the mentioned cities are in the second level together. Lande with a score of (0/036), Charam with a score of (0/028) and Madwan with a score of (0/022) are next to each other in the third level. The quantitative results of Aras technique show that the cities of Basht, Sough, Pataveh, Ghale Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab scored poorly and need special attention. In order to establish Regional balance and move towards urban and regional sustainable development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies have a special focus on sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements. Otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. 

 Rapid and unplanned urban growth and urbanization without designing the necessary infrastructure is a threat to sustainable urban development. Rapid urban growth, high population density, and high consumption rates of residents and citizens in large cities have led to a wide range of socio-economic and environmental impacts that require the attention of the international community. This factor will have significant effects on the future stability and prosperity of the world. Urban areas in developing countries are growing rapidly. With the increasing population of cities, there are several challenges to how to manage crowded and dense areas. One of these challenges is building the physical infrastructure to support this growing population. At the same time, the development of urban infrastructure is essential for the creation of sustainable cities. This increasing growth has caused many issues and problems in cities, one of which is related to the housing issue. Housing is one of the most important outputs for human resource production. Housing after food and clothing is the third basic and vital need that has many reflections on other aspects of the life of the capital. Today, around the world, providing adequate housing is one of the main problems of managers and planners, and in the current situation, the world is facing a global housing crisis. Achieving the desired housing status in both urban and rural areas is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development in different countries of the world. At present, due to the growth of urban population and the uncontrolled increase of rural migration, the need to study the housing situation and plan to organize it in developing countries such as Iran is a necessary issue. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces are not separated from this situation and the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the indicators of the housing sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. To achieve this goal, using Aras multi-indicator technique, selected housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied and analyzed. 

In the present study, which is of a comparative analytical type, using the ARAS technique, the indicators related to the housing and construction sector in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been analyzed. The data required for the research have been collected through the statistical yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019. The measurement tool for analyzing the research data was the Aras technique and using this technique, housing indexes in 17 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 2019 were analyzed.

According to the scores obtained by the cities of the province in the field of housing and construction sector indicators, the research hypothesis as the final score obtained from the ARAS technique for housing indicators in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces indicates inequality. Take. There is a lot of imbalance and difference between the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of various indicators, including housing indicators. One of the most important reasons for this increase in inequalities is the lack of recognition of the dimensions of inequalities and incorrect executive policies to achieve the goals. The cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces do not have favorable conditions in terms of economic, social and cultural structures. The existence of 9 cities of Basht, Souk, Pataveh, Qalae Raisi, Sarfaryab, Dishmuk, Margon, Grub and Chitab, which get weak points, has indicated this imbalance. It can be acknowledged that this imbalance is the result of various ecological, economic, political and other factors. Yasuj city has maintained its superiority in the province due to its political centrality and superiority in various economic, social, cultural, etc. fields and its growth pole in terms of having the studied indicators. Yasuj city is one of the climatic regions of Iran that many immigrants from all over Iran, especially neighboring provinces such as Bushehr, Khuzestan and Fars, migrate to this city permanently and temporarily, and this is one of the factors along with others. Micro and macroeconomic factors and variables of the country have increased the price of land and housing in this city. The present study sought to investigate the question of which final score of housing indicators was higher in which cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and which was lower. As the scores obtained from Aras technique show, the highest score of Aras technique for housing indicators is allocated to Yasuj city (0/971) and Dogonbadan city is in the second place with a score (0/306). Chitab city with the score (0/004) has the lowest score among the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces

Achieving the desired housing status, especially in urban areas, is considered as one of the indicators of economic and social development. Housing and building indicators as a necessary tool to express the various economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical dimensions of housing are of great importance in housing planning. Recognizing the status of desirable housing indicators and reducing existing inequalities is an important issue that contributes greatly to sustainable urban development. In order to establish regional balance and move towards sustainable urban and regional development in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, it is necessary that housing and building development policies pay special attention to sparsely populated rural areas and marginal settlements; otherwise, we will see an increase in more inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. The main challenge in the housing sector in the studied cities and the country is mostly due to the lack of coherent and integrated planning in this sector, while the failure of policies adopted in this field is the main reason for the construction recession, which not only did not reduce housing prices. , But has also led to an unreasonable increase in rents and the purchase price of housing. Housing facilities have little effect on the prosperity of construction and home ownership of people, especially the low-income groups in the cities studied and on a larger scale. That is why it is necessary to prioritize infrastructure reforms in macroeconomics

Socio-economic and political changes at the national and global levels in recent decades have paved the way for the change in the nature of these relations and the establishment of new relations. Among them are the flow of people, typology, production and the flow of capital. Today, the study of these currents and the analysis of their effects have been considered by researchers. One of the influential aspects of urban-rural relations is the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of urban and rural relations on the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The type of research is applied and descriptive in nature. The data collection method was library and field (questionnaire and observation) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, diagnostic analysis and logistic regression) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is households living in 21 suburban villages of Dehdasht with a population of 3538 households and using the Cochran's formula, 347 samples were selected and sampling was done randomly. For the operational definition of urban-rural relations, three dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental, 43 indicators have been used and to study the diversity of economic activities, 17 indicators have been used. Findings show that the economic dimension based on the logistics model with a coefficient (0.687) urban and rural relations has the most impact and the physical dimension with a coefficient (0.201) has the least impact; Therefore, in the final conclusion, it can be said that in the study area, the indicators of the economic dimension of urban-rural relations are effective in creating diversity of economic activities of rural households.

Global warming increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. These changes have major social and environmental consequences. The extensive social and economic effects of extreme values in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran due to having a very vulnerable climate are high, and their sudden changes may lead to devastating events. Its destructive effects, including floods and droughts, have been very large in recent years in Iran. The World Meteorological Organization has defined a joint project between the Commission for Climatology (CCL), Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) in order to detect and monitor climate change and its profiles. Calculation methods of different profiles were presented with several softwares, including ClimDex and RClimDex. In this research, we investigate the changes in temperature and precipitation profiles according to CCL/CLIVAR in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province.

Due to the importance of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province in terms of water, agriculture, industry and human resources, this region was selected for study. In order to ensure that there is no spatial and environmental change in the investigated stations and to have the appropriate statistical quality, the data and information of all meteorological stations of the province were checked since their establishment. Finally, the stations of Yasouj in cold climate and Dogunbadan in warm climate were selected for this study because they had a suitable statistical period (1986-2018) and the least single or consecutive missing data.Extreme indices based on long-term and homogeneous data express the status of extreme events. These indices show aspects of the climate change event and its effects. The expert team of ETCCDM has classified extreme indices into five groups, which are based on percentiles, absolute extremes, threshold extremes and other profiles. In order to study the existence of a trend and its significance, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used. This test is developed based on the ranking of data in a time series. The null hypothesis of this test means that there is no trend in the data series and assumption one indicates the existence of a trend in the data series.

Humans and the environment often react to changes in maximum and minimum values more than changes in average conditions. Therefore, analyzing the variability and examining the trend of extreme values are more important than average climatic conditions. In this research, extreme indices of temperature and precipitation were calculated and analyzed using the Rclimdex package in R software. The PRCPTOT index shows the total rainfall on days when the daily rainfall was equal to or more than 1 mm. It has a negative trend in both stations, which is not significant. The index of days with heavy rainfall, which means the number of days with daily rainfall equal to or greater than 10 mm, shows a significant decreasing trend in both stations. The index of consecutive wetter days, which means the maximum number of consecutive days of daily rainfall more than 1 mm, shows a decreasing trend in both stations, and its change trend is significant in Yasouj station, but not significant in Dogonbadan station.The index of the number of summer days, which is defined as the number of days with a maximum daily temperature of more than 25° C, showed a significant increasing trend in both stations. No ice day observed in Dogonbadan station during the statistical period. However, this index has a negative trend in Yasouj station, which is not significant. The index of warm nights or the number of days with a daily minimum temperature of more than 20° C shows a significant increasing trend in Dogonbadan, and although it has a decreasing trend in Yasuj, the trend of changes wad not significant. Due to the prevailing climate in that region, Dogonbadan station has not experienced zero temperature during the statistical period. In Yasouj, the trend of frost days is increasing, but it is not significant. The Growing season Length index of Dogonbadan has shown a significant increase during the 1986-2018 period. The index of the warmest day in both stations showed a significant increasing trend and the coldest day changes in both stations is positive but not significant. The warmest night in Dogonbadan showed a positive trend and in Yasouj it showed a decreasing trend, which is not significant in any of them. The coldest night showed a decreasing trend in Dogonbadan and an increasing trend in Yasouj, which was not significant in any of them. The average difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperature in Yasouj station is increasing and significant, but this index was decreasing in Dogonbadan, although the trend of its changes was not significant.

Extreme indices of temperature and precipitation and their changes were investigated using the Rclimdex. The results indicate the decreasing trend of all precipitation indices in the statistical period. In the Dogonbadan station, the index of days with heavy rainfall above 10 mm had a significant decreasing trend, and the rest of the changes in other indices were not significant. In the Yasouj station, the profiles of days with heavy rainfall above 10 mm and consecutive wet days had a significant decreasing trend. The frequency of warm events, such as summer days and warm nights, the length of the growing season and the range of day and night temperature changes showed an increasing trend during the study period. In addition, the frequency of cold events, such as cold days and nights and freezing days, was reduced.

Rural areas are known as cheap tourist destinations for leisure and recreation due to the combination of natural and cultural tourist attractions resulting from geographical features and lifestyles. Rural tourism development is considered by most researchers as a tool for regeneration and socio-economic revitalization of rural areas to achieve sustainable development. Increasing the number of incoming tourists to rural areas has led to new needs and demands in rural tourist areas, which provide competitive advantages, play an important role in tourist loyalty, satisfaction and re-support of destinations. The present study aims to investigate the role of transportation in the economic competitiveness of rural tourism destinations. The present study is of applied type and its nature is descriptive-analytical based on data collection using field methods (observation and completion of a questionnaire. At the household analysis level, out of 1312 cases, 297 households were selected as a sample using the Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was completed using systematic sampling method. To analyze the data, statistical tests such as t Single sample, cluster analysis, Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The results showed that among the three competitiveness indices studied (destination attractions, basic services and tourism areas), the tourist attraction index with the average Numerical 3.98 has the greatest effect. Also, according to the correlation coefficient of 0.837, there is a significant correlation between tourism competitiveness indicators and economic development of tourism target villages at the level of 99 %.In addition, the result of Kruskal test Wallis showed a significant difference between the target villages in terms of competitiveness and economic development There is a significant role for geographical factors such as climate, roughness and diversity of tourist attractions in this difference. An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Economic Sustainability of Rural Tourism Destinations, Case Study: Tourism Target Villages of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces

A B S T R A C T
The purpose of this research is to stratify the urban areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and to determine the priority of the development of the cities in the region and the priority of each factor in each city. This research uses 84 different indicators combined in spss into 8 factors; Employment and activity, housing, economic production, transportation and communication, public urban services, health and treatment, book literacy and education related to the statistics of 2015, using two techniques; Morris and confirmatory factor analysis has been done. The statistical population of the research is the urban areas of seven cities (17 cities) of the province. The statistical population in the department related to the identification of research factors were experts and university professors at the province level, and the sample number was estimated to be 364 people using the principle of principal component analysis in structural equation modelling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the face and face validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha. The research findings indicate that Boyer Ahmad, Dena, and Gachsaran cities are in the first to third ranks, and Behmai City is in the last rank of development. Based on the approved structural model of four components; Industrial-manufacturing, employment, public-urban services, and transportation and communication have had a more significant impact on development inequality with coefficients of 0.71, 0.62, 0.54, and 0.51, respectively, compared to other variables. The priority of spatial development in the planning of the province should be in the order of the cities; Behmai, Cheram, Kohgiluyeh, Bashet, Gachsaran, Dena and Boyer Ahmad with the priority order of the sections; industrial-production, employment, public-urban services and transportation and communication.
 
Extended Abstract
The most critical threats are facing Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, including extensive migration of villagers, nomads and even residents of small towns of the province to Yasuj and its suburbs; lack of quantitative and qualitative development of human capital in the province; inability to maintain skilled workers and economic activists; severe shortage and even lack of commercial and economic infrastructure and the infrastructure; and in short, the low level of all indicators in the small cities of the province and the low level of these indicators compared to other provinces, which doubles the need to recognize the differences and review the development planning policies of the province. The results of this research can be used in future planning and in order to allocate financial and physical resources in the province. Therefore, considering the above, the importance of ranking, measuring, and prioritizing the level of development of counties’ urban areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province are more visible, and these questions are raised:-What is the situation of each city in each factor (set of indicators)?
-Has the current distribution and service model caused disproportion and imbalance in the urban and regional system of the province?
Therefore, special attention and planning for this developing province, prone to development and understanding the extent of development of its urban areas to allocate resources better and create justice, balance, and proportion in this area seem necessary.
 
The method used in the research is descriptive-documentary and quantitative-analytical, so the study is part of applied research. The statistical population of the study is 16 cities and 7 counties of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in 2016. Based on 84 indicators extracted from the results of the 2016 census of the Statistics Center of Iran, their combination
 
and reduction to eight factors, and using two Morris techniques and confirmatory factor analysis, the counties of the province were graded and compared.
 
Findings showed that in the employment factor of counties, Basht, Gachsaran, and Bahmaei were in the first to third ranks, and Boyer-Ahmad and Dena counties were in the last ranks. Boyer-Ahmad, Gachsaran, and Charam were in the first to third ranks in the urban housing factor, and Basht and Bahmaei were in the last ranks. In the economic-productive factor of counties, Gachsaran, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad were in the first to third ranks, and Charam and Bahmaei were in the last ranks. In urban transportation and communication factor, Boyer-Ahmad, Gachsaran and Kohgiluyeh were in the first to third ranks, and Basht and Bahmaei were in the last ranks. In counties' urban public service agents, Dena, Boyer-Ahmad, and Charam were in the first to third ranks, and Gachsaran and Bahmaei were last. Dena, Boyer-Ahmad, and Kohgiluyeh were in the first to third ranks in the urban health factor, and Charam and Gachsaran were in the last ranks. In the book and urban literacy factor; Boyer-Ahmad, Gachsaran, and Dena were in the first to third ranks, and Bahmaei and Kohgiluyeh counties were in the last ranks, and finally, in the educational factor of the counties, Basht, Charam, and Dena were in the first to third ranks, and Gachsaran and Bahmaei were in the last ranks.
 
This study aimed to identify the spatial inequality prevailing in the counties of the studied province and investigate the effect of the studied factors and indicators on spatial inequality. Based on the results obtained from the Morris technique of the counties, Boyer-Ahmad, Gachsaran, and Dena were in the first to third ranks, and Bahmaei was in the last rank. In terms of the level of development of counties, Boyer-Ahmad, Gachsaran, and Dena are at the level of near development, Basht is improving, and Kohgiluyeh, Charam, and Bahmaei are deprived and lacking. Therefore, the priority of spatial development in the planning of the province should be focused on Bahmaei, Charam, Kohgiluyeh, Basht, Gachsaran, Dena and Boyer-Ahmad counties based on industrial-production, employment, public-urban services and transportation and communication sectors. According to the approved structural model, the four components of industrial and production, employment, public and urban services, and transportation and communication with coefficients of 0.71, 0.62, 0.54, and 0.51, respectively, have a significant effect on inequality development than other variables. Considering that all coefficients within the structural model are significant and the model fit indices are optimal, so the research model is approved.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Fair distribution of services and infrastructure of urban development is one of the most important signs of social justice in different cities. In this study, urban development indicators and indicators related to urban services in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad cities have been studied and evaluated. The data required for the study were collected through statistical yearbooks and general population and housing censuses in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. Bu using the Preference Selection Index (PSI), inequalities between the seventeen cities of the province has been analyzed. Using the weight obtained, the normal weight matrix of the studied indicators is designed. The score of the priority selection index for the cities under study in the province has been calculated. The highest score of the Preference selection index is assigned to the city of Yasuj, and the city of Dogonbadan with a score of 0.62886 and the city of Dehdasht with a score of 0.36086 are in the second and third ranks. The city of Chitab is ranked 17th and last with a score of 0.02137. Using the Preference selection index, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad cities have been ranked in four levels in terms of access to urban development services. The cities of Yasuj, Dogonbadan and Dehdasht are in the first level. At the second level are the cities of Sisakht and Choram. The cities of Basht, Lende, Margon and Likak are in third place. Finally, in the fourth level, the cities of Sough, Qala-e Raisi, Madvan, Pataveh, Sarfaryab, Lodab, Dishmuk and Chitab are located.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rural transportation in the economic competitiveness of rural tourism destinations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province. The type of research is applied and its nature is descriptive-analytical based on data collection using field methods such as completing a questionnaire among households. The statistical population of the study is the permanent residents in the tourism target villages of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province. The number of villages targeted for tourism in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province is 12 cases, of which 9 villages have a permanent population, and due to the small number of them, the counting method has been used. At the household analysis level, 297 households were selected as a sample from 1312 resident households using Cochran's formula. One-sample t-test, correlation, structural equations and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a significant relationship between the competitiveness of tourist destinations and transportation indices with the correlation coefficient of 0.331. Also, based on the results of structural equations, the most effects of transportation are on the component of diversification of employment and income opportunities with a coefficient of 0.521.

Employment and unemployment are among the most important issues that must be considered to create a prosperous society because the first condition for the growth and development of any society is job creation, so it is of great importance in macro-planning. The debate over employment and its complexities in today's fast-paced world has attracted the attention of many policymakers, government officials, and experts. In many cases, however, the issue of employment is ignored in urban development strategies. This is partly due to the intangibility of the informal urban economy, which includes the bulk of employment in developing countries. Today, the role of employment in the dynamics of urban life is not hidden from anyone. Unemployment and its problems have formed one of the most complex issues of the day in urban planning, and this problem, in addition to economic consequences, has negative social, cultural, environmental, and security consequences that affect all aspects of urban planning. Therefore, it can be said that many problems of urban communities are rooted in the pathology structure of their employment. Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces have high economic potentials, and if we pay attention to these potentials, the problem of youth unemployment in this region will be easily solved. According to the latest statistics, the unemployment rate in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad is very high, so the high unemployment rate in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad Province, while this province has rich oil and gas resources. ​However, according to the official statistics, this province is in the third place in terms of employment ratio after Sistan and Baluchestan and Qom provinces in terms of the lowest employment, which if the investment in different economic sectors is considered, this province may It can be considered as one of the active provinces in the employment sector. On the other hand, many differences are due to the imbalance of economic facilities and economic and cultural conditions that lead to migration, spatial inequalities of capital and welfare, educational and health facilities, which has increased the development gap between regions. Therefore, the research problem arises from the fact that it seems that the distribution of job opportunities in different regions of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces does not follow a favorable pattern, and this has affected the spatial balance in this area

According to the studied components and the nature of the subject, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and is quantitative research. In this research, the data of the statistical yearbook of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in 1396 have been used and 3 economic indicators (agriculture/fisheries, industry/mining, services) have been used. The most important urban employment indicators have been determined and then based on the indicators, the situation of 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of employment indicators has been evaluated using the MOORA method and using the CRITIC model. The indicators are prioritized. Also, to determine the development levels of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, the Morris model has been used. The province is ranked in terms of urban employment based on the level of development.

In this research, an attempt was made to rank and determine the level of development of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad cities by using a set of urban employment indicators. The number of indicators is a subset of three economic sectors (agriculture, industry, services), which have been ranked and analyzed using the MOORA multi-criteria decision-making technique. First, the most important employment indicators were determined. Then, the situation of the 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces in terms of employment indicators has been evaluated using entropy methods and Mora decision making. The results showed that Boyer-Ahmad city has a more favorable situation than other cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in three sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, services). The results of the Moora technique showed that there is a big difference between the cities of the province in terms of employment indicators. Boyer-Ahmad city is in the first rank compared to other cities of the province and has the highest rank in all employment indicators, followed by Kohgiluyeh and Gachsaran cities. The third rank in relation to employment and unemployment belongs to a number of cities in the province such as Dena, Bahmaei, Choram, Basht, and Lendeh. The mentioned cities do not have suitable conditions in terms of employment. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that there are regional and spatial imbalances in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Then, the research indicators were prioritized using the CRITIC method and the results showed that the agricultural index was in the first place in the effectiveness of employment indicators. Then, the level of development of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces was divided into four levels in terms of employment indicators using the Morris coefficient. The results showed that out of 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, Boyer-Ahmad city in (three sectors of agriculture, industry, services) has a more favorable situation than other cities in the province and is at a desirable level. Kohgiluyeh city is located on the second level. Two cities (Gachsaran and Dena) are in the middle level and 4 cities (Bahmaei, Charam, Basht, Lande) are deprived in terms of employment index in three sectors: agriculture, industry and services.

The results showed that there is a difference between the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in terms of employment status. The level of employment in Boyer-Ahmad city, which is also the political center of the province, is more favorable than in other cities in the province.

Failure to recognize the state and bottlenecks of agriculture is a serious obstacle to the balanced distribution of resources and the comprehensive planning to address less developed areas. Understanding these issues and developing appropriate programs to eliminate or reduce them include: improving agriculture, optimizing the potential of the agricultural sector, increasing production, increasing farmerschr('39') incomes, consolidating rural populations, and promoting the agricultural development of the region. This requires determining the developmental levels of the studied area in terms of agricultural development indicators in order to analyze the agricultural situation in the region. Therefore, in order to be more precise in planning and achieve sustainable agriculture development, it is necessary to identify agricultural areas regarding development and inadequacy. Hence, measuring the level of agricultural development in different areas, with regard to natural capacities and institutional constraints and management conditions, is of particular importance in recognizing the regional differences in development, special talents, deprivations and inequalities. In this way, agricultural development planning is orientated appropriately in terms of area urgency, volume of investments, types of programs and actions, thus, balanced management and planning of agricultural development requires recognition.

The type of research is applied and developmental and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is 8 counties in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces based on the census of 2016. The required information is collected from the Statistical Yearbook (2016), the organization of Agriculture-Jahad, the Agricultural Census and the Organization of Statistics. The studied indicator is agricultural in this research which consists of 34 variables. Also, the selection of variables in a way that emphasizes all aspects of the agricultural index (manpower, infrastructure, mechanization, health, etc.) are emphasized. The weight of each of the variables is determined by the AHP method (Pair-wise copmarison). In this research, SPSS, Excel and quantitative programming models (VIKOR, TOPSIS and SAW) were used to analyze the data of agricultural development in the provinces of the region. Given the fact that the results of these three models were not consistent in some cases, a general consensus was used for the Copeland method. Finally, in order to proper understanding of the development situation in the county, development maps are drawn using the GIS software.

The results of this study indicate that in the TOPSIS model there is no county in the province with a very high development status. Bahmei and Boyerahmad counties are in relatively agricultural developed condition, Kohgiluyeh, Cheram and Dena in the situation and finally 37/5 percent of the counties, namely, Basht, Gachsaran and Landie counties are relatively deprived and undeveloped in terms of the agricultural index. The analysis of the results of the Vikor model showed that Boyerahmad with a value of 0/091 is in the first rank of agricultural development and in a fully developed state, Kohgiluyeh and Bahmei counties ranked second and third with respectively 0/245 and 0.296 scores and their situation is relatively developed. The most of the counties Charm, Dena and Lange, are numerically equal to 0/409, 0/487 and 0/584 respectively, ranked fourth to sixth, Gachsaran county with the score of 0/712 is ranked seventh and the development status is relatively deprived, and eventually the county of Basht with a numerical value of 1 is ranked 8th and a very unfavorable condition (completely deprived). Also, the results of the SAW model indicate that Boyerahmad County (rank 1) is in a very high development status.The present study was carried out using agricultural index in the form of 34 variables that were not included in any of the researches done in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, while presenting realistic findings on the state of development of the agriculture, rational realism for planners - urban and regional, both at provincial level and at country level. A review of the research background and research findings suggest that the results of the study are credible and confirm the results of previous surveys. The findings of the research indicate the agricultural development gap among counties of the province. The results of this study homogeneous with other researches of Fotros & Baheshti Far (2009), Kohnalsal and Rafiee (2010), Jamshidi (2011), Tavakoli (2012 and 2014), BabaeiAgdam et al (2016).The study of the development condition of agricultural areas of the county using the integrated model showed that in the counties of the province, there is no one with a very high agricultural development status. The county of Boyer Ahmad has a score of 0/797 in the first rank (relatively developed) and the county of Basht with a difference of 0/653 and a combined index of 0/44 in the eighth place (the state is totally deprived of development). Also, 37.5% of the counties (Boyerahmad, Bahmei and Kohgiluyeh) were relatively developed, 25% of the counties (Dena and Chram Counties) were in moderate development, 25 percent (Gachsaran and Lande Counties) were relatively deprived, and, finally, 12.5% ​​of the them (Basht) are totally deprived.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and evaluate the quality of life indicators in rural areas of Poshteh Zilaeii district. The present research is applied in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study was rural households in the village of Poshteh Zilaeii, Dehdasht County. The district according to 1395 census, has a population of 3450 people, including 690 7 rural households respectively. The number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire has been obtained using the Cochrane formula 220 households. Data gathering method was library and field study (questionnaire). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, T-test and Tukey) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the situation of the villages studied in terms of quality of life in general was inadequate and most of the components did not show a suitable situation that could be due to various factors such as lack of desirable service levels, lack of income sources, etc. The region. Also, among the villages surveyed, the village Mondan with an average (4.75) are in good condition and the village Savarei with medium (3/10) is in the middle level. And two villages of the Gsheh and Ab mahei with average (2.56) and (2.46) in poor level and Del gorg village with an average (2.10) at a very weak level compared with the villages of the village.

Inequality has different dimensions and one of these dimensions is inequality related to the health indicators and health in general. Inequality in access to health indicators exists in both developed and developing countries. The aim of the present study was to analyze the health inequalities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, using Mabak technique.

In this analytical-comparative study, the data required for the research were collected through statistical yearbooks and general population and housing censuses of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and health inequalities among 8 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in 2019 were analyzed using Mabak technique.

Boyer-Ahmad Township was at the desired level with a score of 0.773. The townships of Kohgiluyeh with a score of 0.184 and Gachsaran with a score of 0.133 were somewhat desired. Dena Township with a score of -0.110 and Choram Township with a score of -0.144 were at the deprived level. The townships of Bahmaei with a score of -0.165, Basht with a score of -0.178 and Lende with a score of -0.203 were located in the very deprived level.

In terms of access to health services, Boyer-Ahmad Township is in the highest rank and the townships of Bahmaei, Basht, and Lende are in the very deprived level and need special attention.

The growing expansion of tourism in all parts of the world has made the tourism industry the largest industry and employer in the world after the oil industry and the automotive industry, and has become the third most lucrative industry. One of the most important destinations that has influenced the world's tourism process in recent decades is urban centers, and these centers have attracted many tourists. In the present study, the analysis of service variables related to urban tourism industry in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces has been analyzed by using Spss and ArcGIS software. To analyze the indicators related to urban tourism, initially 34 variables were selected and finally these variables were converted to 30 indicators. The result of using factor analysis technique has been to reduce 30 research indicators to six final factors, and these six factors together explain and interpret approximately 96,685% of the variance of the society. The combined index scores obtained from the 30 indicators related to tourism show that Gachsaran city is at a certain level, Dena, Boyer Ahmad, Kohgiluyeh and Basht are at a certain level. Bahmaei alone is at the deprived level of the province and Charam and Landeh are at the very deprived level of the province.

The research method is descriptive-analytical which has been done by survey method. The statistical population of this study is the tourists of the study area. In order to determine the sample size of the research, due to the unknown number of the statistical population, 385 questionnaires were obtained. Factor analysis, single sample T test and structural equations in Amos Graphics software were used to analyze the data. The results show that using factor analysis to evaluate the environmental quality of tourism destinations seven factors of structural, environmental dynamics, tourist attractions, visual dynamics, social context and environmental communication and environmental network as environmental factors. Were identified. Also, the results of one-sample T-test for calculating the final score of satisfaction with the environmental quality of tourism destinations, with value (2.28) were in unacceptable and unacceptable condition. The results of second-order structural equation analysis showed that functional-structural factor with 80% had the highest factor loadings and the final results of structural equation model showed that environmental quality of tourism destinations had negligible effect on tourist satisfaction with factor of 14% and among factor Hidden quality of environmental factors was the most important factor in tourism attractions With 83% had the most role.

The need for optimal development of regions need to know And sufficient knowledge of planning methods based Forecasts and analysis process. This study aims to Foresight using two methods of analysis and cross-impact scenario First, to identify and analyze the key driving factors discussed And then advancing the development of future scenarios Kohgiluyeh and Boyer could be written. For data analysis software MicMac and ScenarioWizard-based Delphi method is used. Finally, the results of applying the cross-impact analysis Showed that 8 key drivers such as tourism, Using experts, The development of rail and road transport, water resources, investment, Competition, Employment and Among the 32 factors identified agricultural production, The greatest impact on the growth and future development Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and The index research and development, as a regulator Among the factors influencing the growth and development of the province was considered impressionable. The propellant as the main base of scripting The following factors were used. These factors are likely status set clear strategies and define key strategies and policies for directors. Finally, the development of112 items, 14 scenarios were considered for the future Province And 5/12 percent of the items have a critical situation, 75/18 in static mode and 75/68 of items are eligible. The results showed that the most favorable scenario for the future development of the province Experts and specialists in the province, Natural tourism growth, The development of rail transportation, according to job creation, Development of rural infrastructure and investment incentives and security And the sustainable management of water.The need for optimal development of regions need to know And sufficient knowledge of planning methods based Forecasts and analysis process. This study aims to Foresight using two methods of analysis and cross-impact scenario First, to identify and analyze the key driving factors discussed And then advancing the development of future scenarios Kohgiluyeh and Boyer could be written. For data analysis software MicMac and ScenarioWizard-based Delphi method is used. Finally, the results of applying the cross-impact analysis Showed that 8 key drivers such as tourism, Using experts, The development of rail and road transport, water resources, investment, Competition, Employment and Among the 32 factors identified agricultural production, The greatest impact on the growth and future development Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and The index research and development, as a regulator Among the factors influencing the growth and development of the province was considered impressionable. The propellant as the main base of scripting The following factors were used. These factors are likely status set clear strategies and define key strategies and policies for directors. Finally, the development of112 items, 14 scenarios were considered for the future Province And 5/12 percent of the items have a critical situation, 75/18 in static mode and 75/68 of items are eligible. The results showed that the most favorable scenario for the future development of the province Experts and specialists in the province, Natural tourism growth, The development of rail transportation, according to job creation, Development of rural infrastructure and investment incentives and security And the sustainable management of water.The need for optimal development of regions need to know And sufficient knowledge of planning methods based Forecasts and analysis process. This study aims to Foresight using two methods of analysis and cross-impact scenario First, to identify and analyze the key driving factors discussed And then advancing the development of future scenarios Kohgiluyeh and Boyer could be written. For data analysis software MicMac and ScenarioWizard-based Delphi method is used. Finally, the results of applying the cross-impact analysis Showed that 8 key drivers such as tourism, Using experts, The development of rail and road transport, water resources, investment, Competition, Employment and Among the 32 factors identified agricultural production, The greatest impact on the growth and future development Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and The index research and development, as a regulator Among the factors influencing the growth and development of the province was considered impressionable. The propellant as the main base of scripting The following factors were used. These factors are likely status set clear strategies and define key strategies and policies for directors. Finally, the development of112 items, 14 scenarios were considered for the future Province And 5/12 percent of the items have a critical situation, 75/18 in static mode and 75/68 of items are eligible. The results showed that the most favorable scenario for the future development of the province Experts and specialists in the province, Natural tourism growth, The development of rail transportation, according to job creation, Development of rural infrastructure and investment incentives and security And the sustainable management of water.The need for optimal development of regions need to know And sufficient knowledge of planning methods based Forecasts and analysis process. This study aims to Foresight using two methods of analysis and cross-impact scenario First, to identify and analyze the key driving factors discussed And then advancing the development of future scenarios Kohgiluyeh and Boyer could be written. For data analysis software MicMac and ScenarioWizard-based Delphi method is used. Finally, the results of applying the cross-impact analysis Showed that 8 key drivers such as tourism, Using experts, The development of rail and road transport, water resources, investment, Competition, Employment and Among the 32 factors identified agricultural production, The greatest impact on the growth and future development Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and The index research and development, as a regulator Among the factors influencing the growth and development of the province was considered impressionable. The propellant as the main base of scripting The following factors were used. These factors are likely status set clear strategies and define key strategies and policies for directors. Finally, the development of112 items, 14 scenarios were considered for the future Province And 5/12 percent of the items have a critical situation, 75/18 in static mode and 75/68 of items are eligible.

Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, due to its valuable resources and geographic location, can be considered as one of the important industrial hubs, but it has not been able to properly traverse the development path and is recognized as a disadvantaged province. The main purpose of this study is identifying the strengths and weaknesses of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and Providing Development Strategic Plan. The study, in terms of purpose is an applied one and In terms of method it is kind of explanatory and and on the basis of data nature is a qualitative research. The statistical population includes senior managers of the province from which 23 individuals were selected. Documentary and field methods have been used to data collection. Data analysis has been carried out by SWOT Model, Combining it with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). results of investigating current situation in this province indicate that abundant oil, gas and mineral resources, appropriate geographical and communication location between regionsas the most important strengths, and lack of factories, industrial and mineral workshops, severe weakness in necessary infrastructure of urban centers, and lack of paying attention to rural settlements are known as the weaknesses in this province. possibility to develop activities such as horticulture, animal husbandry and fish breeding are considered as the most important opportunity and staying away from country's economic network, lack of strong connection between settlements, lack of security context to investors have been recognized as the most important threats to this province. Based on these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, suggested strategies for the development of the province.

 Access to national and regional development is the great ideal of any nation, and realizing this, requires that the planners and policymakers within a detailed understanding of the state of the country and the region select the best models to determine the path of development (Pourmohammadi and Zali, 2009: 33). One of the important tasks of development planners is to assess and identify the development potentials of geographical areas, so that this knowledge can provide the basis for improvement and development of areas (Parizadi et al., 2012: 27). For this purpose, to understand the differences in the level of development of the regions, it is necessary to first examine the current status of each region and then accordingly regional planning can be done to reduce or eliminate the differences (Ismailzadeh and Partners, 2016: 84). Therefore, studying and identifying regional areas and analyzing their capabilities and bottlenecks is of great importance in the process of regional development planning, and awareness of these opportunities and bottlenecks is nowadays a necessity for presenting development schemes and plans (Einali et al., 2016: 60).

 This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and based on the nature of the data, is a Mixed-method research. The statistical population includes senior managers of the province. The research is a survey research in terms of data gathering, which uses a combination of both documentary and field methods to collect the required data. In order to conduct this research, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the province were identified and these factors were rated by experts including experts in the field of development and the most important strategies were obtained. Finally, according to these strategies, a strategic regional development plan for the province's development was presented. To analyze the data using SWOT analysis and its integration with the AHP model, the most important development potentials and constraints of the province were extracted and strategies were presented to remove development obstacles in the province.

In the present study, using high-level plans such as Provincial Spatial Plan, provincial development document and according to experts in this field, the most important internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and the most important external factors (opportunities and threats)  presented In the tabular form. Then, considering the variety of issues using Strategic Analysis technique (SWOT), the conditions affecting the developments in the province and their effectiveness were investigated. Then the most important internal factors including strengths and weaknesses as well as the most important external factors affecting the status of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province in the format of opportunities and threats were identified and evaluated based on the AHP process. Since the questionnaire of this research was paired comparisons, it was not necessary to measure validity and reliability and the accuracy of the responses was calculated by calculating the adaptation rate. Each of the SWOT factors has a number of sub-criteria and in AHP method these sub-criteria are compared in pairs. After the data collection, Expert choice 11 software was used to perform the calculations. Accordingly, pairwise comparison of SWOT factors in AHP format was carried out to plan for development of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province

Therefore, using SWOT analytical model results, the approaches and strategies for provincial development planning were divided into four aggressive, adaptive, contingent and defensive strategies as follows: SO Strategy: Aggressive-Action Strategies (Maximum-Maximum): - Proper context for establishing constructive economic interactions with neighboring provinces, especially southern provinces, to create dynamics in the province's commercial sector.-Provincial industrial development in the field of oil and gas as the basic economy of the province.- Facilitating the exploitation of mines in the province taking into account environmental principles and sustainable development and avoiding crude sales and enhancing the value added of the mining sector with the development of mineral processing industries. -Facilitating and serious efforts to accelerate the development of the province's agricultural sector and increase hydro-electric power generation through adequate annual rainfall. WO strategy, adaptive strategy, (minimum - maximum): - Establishment of industrial and mining factories and workshops and development of oil and gas related activities in the province with regard to the capability and availability of mineral and industrial resources in the province and the possibility Development of the province in the field of oil and gas.- Strengthen and properly organize communication networks, both by land, air and rail, in the province, and establish strong links with ports in the south of the country to promote economic and commercial activities at national and transnational levels.-Special attention to rural areas of the province with emphasis on growth and development of activities such as gardening, beekeeping, animal husbandry, aquaculture and establishment and promotion of infrastructure and superior services in urban centers of the province with the aim of attracting surplus rural population and Preventing migration from the villages of this province to the prosperous provinces in the country.  ST Strategy, Contingency Strategy (Maximum - Minimum): - Establish strong linkages between provincial settlements and strengthen transnational communication and economic links with appropriate location across provinces. -Improve the rational and psycho-administrative structure and establish industrial organizations and settlements to secure and facilitate investment, especially in the oil and gas industries. - Optimal water engineering and proper planning to strengthen water resources management. - Improving the level of up-to-date technologies in different areas of the province's development, especially the mining sector, to enhance the province's competitiveness in national and transnational areas. WT Strategy, Defense and action Strategy, (Minimum - Minimum): - Strengthen transport lines, especially rail and air, and enhance the technology level in the province to form strong links between settlements and service centers at the provincial and country level. Serious efforts to establish major conversion industries with the aim of enhancing the dynamics of economic activity and the provincial role-playing in the national economy by providing appropriate plan to facilitate the bureaucracies governing investment and creating a safe environment for the investor. Providing superior services in the main cities of the province as a supportive and influencing population in the urban and rural centers of the province and the management of the province and the future prospects of water resources with the aim of its proper utilization, especially for the more dynamic agricultural activities in the rural settlements.

How and scope of various forms of plasticity between city and rural areas, growth and development of rural settlements as well as internal and external relationships affect them, one of the effects of urban and rural urban migration is on. Rural-urban migration topic has been Consideration intellectuals of different sciences. Migration in developing countries worsened the the situation in hand and create a source of economic problems, social and cultural destination because of the lack of additional facilities is commensurate with the the amount of Gets migration. The aim of the present study was is to investigate role of rural urban migration. The study is descriptive and analytical functional and in terms of the of the nature and method. Statistical population the rural families poshte zilaie county Dehdasht Township. The rural district according to the 2012 census, has a population of 3450 people, comprising 7 village of has a 690 households. The number of samples required for complete the questionnaire using the Cochran formula 220 households is obtained. Library and field for data collection by form (questionnaires), respectively. To analyze the datadescriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation, regression analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression) is used The results showed, based on the relationship between the Pearson correlation coefficient mutual urban and rural areas coefficient (0/386) there, also based on the economic dimension analysis with (0/540) have greatest impact on the migration of rural households is.

The main objective of Climate Zoning is to obtain a simple and also comprehensive framework of climatic elements in a region. Classic or traditional methods that have been pervasive in the past decades are not able to explain the reality of the climate of a geographic area. With the advancement of science and appearance of computer on the field of science studies, as well as the emergence of geographic information systems, applying multivariate methods (factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, etc.) has been rampantly used on the zoning of climatic regions in the last two decades. These methods are comprehensive and more accurate than classical methods and also are easily applicable.
After reviewing the principal components analysis on 48 climatic elements, five components that have the most significant role in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, had been identified. These factors, in order of importance, are: temperature component, cloud-wind component, moisture component, wind component, and dust component. Between all the climate elements, temperature and cloud-wind factors, with 61% and 19% of total variance respectively, have the major role in determining the climate diversity of the province. So that in the western half of the province, due to lower elevation and proximity to the hot deserts and lack of rainfall, the role of temperature is highlighted. While by moving to the eastern half of the province, the rainfall is increasing significantly. Regional classification of province’s climate from two to eight climate zones, can be considered and help in development decisions

.The question that arises in this context is the social capital and quality of life in tribal areas studied what relationship there. The purpose of this study on the role of social capital in the quality of life of tribal families’ geographic analysis, a new tribe is the tribe Zilayi cherom city. The study is cross-sectional manner. Is a type of applied research and field data collection form library (questionnaire) for information analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics (correlation, regression analysis, and chi-square) were used. The population of the investigation, all tribal families a new tribe, clan Zylayy cherom city, a population and housing census in 1390, a new tribe village inhabited 7, 4450 people and 1105 households. Cochran formula, the number of samples required to complete a questionnaire of 138 households, respectively. Also selected in the tribal households, randomly chosen households to adhere to the principle of equal opportunity is. The results showed significant differences between the dependent variable, independent variable quality of life of families and social capital of households. Studies have shown that, based on the level of social capital, a significant difference in the quality of life of nomadic families is obtained. It is estimated to be positive, which indicates a direct relationship, so we can say that with increasing levels of social capital, quality of life of households’ increases.