جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « انگیزش » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Human behavior plays a major role in the creating and persistence of various environmental problems. Proposed models for modifying behavioral patterns emphasize a component called motivation, which is the primary basis for sustainable decisions. Given the housing importance in sustainable development, new patterns of life in communal housing, and designers' emphasis on privacy in spatial arrangements, the present study aims to investigate the impact of territorial behavior on strengthening behavioral motivations in achieving sustainability. For this purpose, first, the configuration patterns and order of the interior space of housing were examined syntactically, and then the research hypothesis was tested by distributing 516 questionnaires. Observations showed that contemporary housing has two central and axial patterns that the spatial value of public, semi-public, and private realms has different syntactic features in each of them. In the central pattern, public arenas have higher integrity, visibility, permeability, and usability; while in axial patterns, they have more spatial separations and higher usability in private areas. In addition to syntactic analysis, the analysis of variance test also confirmed the difference in territory behavior between residents of the two mentioned models. The results confirmed the positive relationship between spatial configuration, territory, and motivation of sustainable behaviors, and showed that central oriented design and strengthening of spatial stimuli for the use of collective spaces, can predict 28% of motivation of sustainable behaviors. While having a behavioral intent in sustainability is 29% predictive of motivation, territory and spatial configuration with 28% predictability will be an important and controllable factor.

Choosing a tourist destination is a complex process and could be affected by various factors. Some of these factors depend on the destination and its characteristics. Recognizing the characteristics of the destination can guide stakeholders in the tourism industry to have a better view of the target markets and plan according to the tastes of the target market tourists. The present field study aimed at identifying the factors influencing the choice of Iran as a tourist destination from the perspective of French tourists who traveled to Iran in 2018. From this population, 385 tourists were selected using Cochran's formula. Their viewpoints were gathered using an online questionnaire. The results of the t-test showed that French tourists were more willing to communicate with the local community. It has also been shown that exchange rates and reasonable costs have played a major role alongside attractive Iranian hospitality. On the other hand, international problems arising from obtaining Iranian visas, inadequate roadside services, and cultural and religious restrictions were among the repulsive factors. Finally, using the Kendall test, we showed that the change in the attitude of tourists after the trip and encouraging their friends to travel to Iran have a significant correlation. 

The statistical population of this study was French tourists who traveled to Iran in 2018 for the purpose of cultural tourism. According to the statistical data of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts (MCTH), the number of these tourists in that year was 43,216. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula with an error coefficient of 0.05 was used. Then, 385 tourists were selected as the sample size. Some support has also been received from two travel agencies, Clio and Intermed in France, which are active in the field of cultural tourism. Contact with French cultural tourists was not difficult since one of the researchers was a French-language cultural tourism guide. Due to his 10-years of experience with French cultural tourists, he has been in contact with many tourists who have traveled to Iran for cultural purposes. For this reason, the researcher had contact with around 100 tourists who had traveled to Iran in 2018. The rest of the sample members were introduced to the researcher through the two above-mentioned agencies. To collect the data for this study, a survey method was used. As shown in the theoretical foundations of the research, the motivation for traveling to Iran as a tourist destination was considered. In addition, the metrics of contextual variables including characteristics such as age, gender, education, occupation, religion, and the destination image were considered as the potential factors affecting tourists’ behaviors. All these measures have been studied through a research questionnaire. It was used to collect the data online. 

French tourists incoming to Iran have some difficulties in terms of obeying religious laws and observing the hijab. Therefore, the factor of religion is a strong repulsive factor for young tourists and less repulsive for older tourists because older tourists have accepted it as an Islamic norm. More than half of the tourists were women. Thus, gender also acted as a repulsive factor in terms of observing the hijab, especially for younger women. On the other hand, the high average age of tourists necessitates the improvement of infrastructures and facilities for older tourists. For example, the welfare services around the attractions roads were considered a repulsive factor, which caused many problems for the tourists of any age. For this reason, service complexes of high quality should be provided around all tourist attractions. Most of the tourists surveyed also stated that they earn more than 25,000 euros a year. Most of them have stayed in 4- or 5-star hotels and showed a high degree of satisfaction, which is partially in line with international standards. 

In summary, the results showed that despite the negative effect of sanctions, hotels have been able to provide services to tourists with high quality in Iran's tourist destinations. In addition, tourists tend to communicate with the local community and enjoy cultural diversity. Indeed, by providing some training courses to the Iranian local communities, they can be prepared for better interaction with tourists. Working on their language level is also a determining factor. Another repulsive factor was inactivity in the field of advertising. This issue, which has different types and forms, can be less expensive, easier, and more effective to improve today than in the past. One of the advertising types that can be easily done today is awareness through websites and virtual networks. Most tourists use websites for gathering relevant information. However, Iran has not been able to have a standard tourism database. Social media can also attract and reassure many tourists by shortening the relationship between consumers and suppliers of various goods and services and eliminating negative images such as insecurity. The mental image of tourists towards the destination before the trip was not very clear and desirable, while they have stated that their mental image of Iran after the trip has changed dramatically.Keywords: Motivation, Attraction and Repulsion Factors, Iran Tourism Destination, French Tourists. 

The age of knowledge or knowledge is a new title that refers to the present or the near future. Knowledge management is of increasing importance for the government and government organizations to deal with the risks posed by the knowledge-based economy. The present study aims to provide a model for implementing the knowledge management process in Iranian nomads. In this survey study, data were collected using a questionnaire. This questionnaire, which assesses the provision of a suitable model of knowledge management for the nomadic affairs organization of the country. Each item is graded on a five-point Likert scale from one (very low) to five (very high). To be selected. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis was used with Amos software. The data of this research were edited from the data standardization method in the regression analysis analytical path in spss24 and the data in the range of +3 to -3 were used and more and less data from this domain were used. Were removed from the data to provide more standardized data for analysis. Out of 100 cases, 2 cases were removed and 98 samples were analyzed. Bartlett kmo and sphericity test Preliminary results of principal components analysis of the research tool showed that all items have a suitable factor load and no item is removed from the questionnaire. Accordingly, the adequacy of Kaiser Mir-Eklin sampling (KMO = 794) and Bartlett sphericity test (1090.864) were significant (0.000). I

Provinces of Iran bordering with Iraq were battle fields during Iran-Iraq war and today are among tourist attracting places in Iran. The factors provoking tourists to see these regions are important to characterize because the needs of the tourists should be identified and supplied. This paper tries to characterize factors driving and provoking the tourists who visit battle fields in Kermanshah. The research method adopted here is field finding and the data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings (N= 384) methods. The T-test and Friedman Test are used to analyze the data. The research sample includes the tourists who visited battle fields in Kermanshah in 2018. Random sampling is used to reach the required sample. The research results show that driving factors are more effective than attracting factors in journey to visit the battle fields in Kermanshah. Political-national identity, perseverance, curiosity and self-flourishing factors are among the most important driving factors with 3.32, 2.85, 2.37 and 1.45 mean rank, respectively. And location holiness, leisure and necessity are among the most important attracting factors with 2.59, 1.72 and 1.69 mean rank, respectively.

In the world, the elderly population is exploding and planning for this group of tourists has become essential. Traditionally, the majority of European tourists in Iran are elderly people. Elderly tourists travel mainly for cultural reasons. In this study, the pull factors (facilities, tourist attractions, experience, and satisfaction) and push factors (knowledge, age, socialization, leisure) of marketing on attracting elderly cultural tourists were investigated. Psychologists consider motivation to be the main concept in understanding consumer behavior and the destination selection process. Therefore, recognizing the motivations of cultural tourists can have benefits for both the tourists and tourism policy-makers. This research is applied in terms of purpose which considered as a descriptive-survey research in terms of method. The sampling method of this research is available and the sampling formula of Cochran will be unlimited for the community. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information and in order to analyze the data, the structural equation modeling method was exerted in SMPPLS software. The results of this study showed that marketing pull factors (facilities, tourist attractions, experience, satisfaction) and marketing push factors (knowledge, age, socialization, leisure) have a positive and significant effect on attracting elderly cultural tourists. The results of this study indicated that by emphasizing the pull and push factors of marketing at the international level, it is possible to attract elderly cultural tourists.

Management is a vital element in the mobility and progress of every organization. The present study aims at analyzing the role of management and managers in increasing the spirit and motivation of Police Border Command Personnel in meeting their organizational missions. To do so, the theories of theorists like Taylor, Schiner, Mazlow and Herzberg is used as a basic. The used approach is qualitative and the method is grounded theory, by means of open and semi-structured interview with 17 persons of those serving in the Kurdistan Border Command. Findings show that the five following categories are the main ones causing diminish of motivation among the Border Command personnel: 1. Concern about the procedure of management and commandment, 2. Personnel's cultural and social concerns, 3. Personnel's economic and life concerns, 4. Personnel's environmental concerns, 5. Personnel's emotional and mental concerns. Each of these categories can effect on each other mutually. According to the results, the following factors over them, the management has direct influence; can lead to the increase of motivation among personnel. 1. Avoiding violence and haste in decision-making, 2. Avoiding discrimination, 3. Avoiding prejudice, 4. Bing sample and pioneer in the organization, 5. Scientific and logical outlook, 6. Confronting gossiping, 7. Professional ethics-centering, 8. Inciting and motivating collective wisdom, 9. Intensifying empathy, 10. Merited-leading, 11. End-reflecting, 12. Inducing hope in the collection. Finally, meeting these categories will lead to 1. Organizational belonging and commitment, 2. Intensifying service spirit and working motivation of the personnel in Police Border Command.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different aspect of cultural intelligence, including metacognition, cognition, motivation and behavior effectiveness on tourist attraction in Qeshm Free Zone. The Population was a group of 89 managers and experts from Qeshm Free Zone Organization that 73 of them were randomly selected as the sample of this study. The Independent variables were different aspect of cultural intelligence and the dependent variable was effectiveness tourist attraction. For the purpose of data collection standard questionnaires (Early et al., 2004, Imai and Glfnd, 2010) and a researcher-made questionnaire were distributed. To analyze data firstly a simple regression and then a multi-variable regression were used. The findings showed that that all different aspect of cultural intelligence have a significant effect on tourist attraction in Qeshm Free Zone .and the most effective aspect is the behavioral aspect of cultural intelligence with a regression of 615%.

Villages and cities are increasingly keen to share their culture and nature with visitors by the promotion of festivals. Income can be generated by such festivals. This paper considers the contribution of event tourism to sustainable local economic development. Cultural events cause ethnic solidarity and strengthening the intercultural communications. By examining Golghaltan Festival in Amirie city of Damghan, shows that more than half of the visitors satisfy, eager to revisit and recommend it to their friends. On the other hand, tourism can improve local economy. In this case, the cash flow generated by the half of the tourists and day visitors are more than the average cost of per Iranian household’s domestic travels. So, for the first step to keep loyal customers and to use event tourism as a tool for diversifying the urban economy,the event motivational factors should identify to detail marketing programs and to develop tourism facilities tailored to the needs of target market. As results of factor analysis of 37 motivational items on 287 visitors as a sample, 6 factors include Golghaltan& family, cultural exploration, socialization, local, novelty and escape were determined.

Today, event tourism is known as one of the fastest growing parts of tourism economy. Events are important in tourism since they attract more visitors to the destinations, motivate locals to participate in tourism activities, promote authentic arts of the local communities and increase their income (Watt, 2012). At the other hands, reinforcing community ties, events could strengthen valuable social cohesion (Gursoy, Kim & Uysal, 2004) by playing the role of an attraction, a catalyst, an animator, a place marketer or an image maker (Getz, 2008). Since the 1990s, the academic researcher pay special attention to the motivations of events attendees.Today, there are unique rituals in all cities and rural areas of Iran could plan to hold festival on their theme. These festivals would be attractive to tourists. As the local community involvement and agreement to do the event-based activities constantly are the main issues in sustainable tourism, increased positive socioeconomic impacts of events could encourage them to protect their customs and traditions through attending to different national and international festivals. In this way’ Iranian-Islamic ancient culture would be preserved and introduced internationally. For achieving this purpose, it is necessary to focus on systematic management and marketing. Parrinello (1993, p. 233) stated "the importance of the motivation in tourism is quite obvious, it acts as a trigger that sets off all the events involved in travel". Among few cultural events held in Iran with travel and tourism approach, the Golghaltan Festival in Amirie is chosen as a case study.
Data are collected based on desk and field research by taking advantage of questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire consist of three main parts including motives, travel behavior and demographic variables. At first, to assess the structure and content validity of the questionnaire nine experts who manage, market or have official responsibility in holding the Golghaltan festival were asked to review the proposed data gathering tool. After applying their comments in the research design, a pre-test was conducted on 76 visitors. All items have reliability coefficient above 0.6, so they were considered to be acceptable in this study.
Tourists who visit 8th Golghaltan Festival in 2015 have been considered as the statistical population. According to the official reports, 7000 visitor attend this event last year. Based on Cochran equation the sample size is calculated 357. Using convenience sampling method, 287 usable questionnaire were gathered.Thirty-seven motivational items were measured on a five-point Likert-type scale in which 1stands for not important at all, 2= not important, 3= neither unimportant nor important, 4= important, 5= very important, then factors were analyzed using the principal component method and varimax rotation procedure. Bartlett̕s test of sphericity was significant (pMore than 60% of respondents are young (in 18-34 age group), about 64% have academic degree and above two-thirds are married with different annual income levels. The six motivational factors for attending to Golghaltan Festival are termed "Golghaltan & family", "cultural exploration", "socialization", "support", "novelty" and "escape". Results show that attendees of a Cultural Community-Based Event such as this festival are motivated more by pull factors like cultural exploration rather than push factors such as escape. The equal ratio of participant’s gender most of whom, at young age, highly educated and married indicate that the studied festival should be considered as a culture-family based event. So this implies that, Iranians with a higher education are more likely to be interested in cultural tourism
Iran is a country enjoying high ethnic diversity. Each one of these ethnic groups have their own specific characteristics and cultural heritage. Cultural events arise a golden opportunity in light of which it is possible to not only strengthen ties between the ethnicities but also enhance national identity and national pride. The local communities’ sense of unity, pride and belonging to their own culture and traditions is critical to success of the events.
Understanding why visitors tend to attend to such events is necessary for developing those events more and more. Furthermore it is essential to be sensitive about enriching visitors’ experience. So a detailed marketing mix must be developed to plan the festival much better. As a result it is possible to offer a high quality experience to the visitors without eliminating or lowering the authenticity and cultural integrity of the ethnicities.
Taking these into account, the results show that visitors are more motivated to attend to Golghaltan Festival as a rural-community-based festival, by motivational pull factors (i.e., Golghaltan and cultural exploring as attraction and cultural heritage of the destination) than motivational push factors (i.e., pressures of living environment to leave the home in order to change the routine life style).

Tourism industry is considered as the largest and most diverse in the world. Tourists are attracted by the new marketing structure. Why do people travel? This is because of two different reasons or factors. From the important Pull and Push factors، Pull factors are taken into consideration (Chuck Vsvla، 1382.) One type of trips that takes place in the country، traveling to battlefields in Khuzestan province. An important factor that must be considered in this type of travel is that the researcher should consider their motivations and goals in traveling to those areas. Therefore، the aim of this study is to identify the incentives and priorities of the inner and outer packaging in order to be considered for future planning. The research method or methods used were descriptive. The population of the study included students from the spring and summer of 1391 who were in those battlefields. For data collection، 150 questionnaires were distributed and 122 questionnaires were returned. The purpose of the library research was to collect data from field studies through distributing questionnaires for measuring operation by using a Likert seven-item scales. After collecting the research data and verifying the first hypothesis which states that «the same factors that affect traction and driving people to travel to war zones،» according to a Likert t-test was used to estimate the average answers. Discussion and To test the second hypothesis، which states that «tangible and intangible factors affect the trips to war zones، equally important»، the Friedman test was used to test the results and it showed intangible factors. Among the factors that affect the motivational drive operational areas of Khuzestan province as a tourist destination of students، the highest average ratings related to Intangible and tangible factors. The tension between motivational factors affects the operational areas of Khuzestan province as a tourist destination of students، the highest mean rank order of search، social، and psychological factors، physical factors، and these factors in order of highest priority motivational factors are in tension. For pull and push factors that influence students to travel to operational areas of Khuzestan province، using the spss software the requirements were analyzed through which the first hypothesis was confirmed. The journey of these factors can affect the operational areas of Khuzestan province. Test results for the second hypothesis suggests that the motivating factors that thrust، intangible factors are more effective on the journey of the operational areas of Khuzestan province. For the third hypothesis and the stretching of the highest points of the search، the social، the psychological and physical factors like revolution and war are introduced to them and tell them the realities of war.