جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تعاملات فضایی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Spatial distinctions of the activity of nomadic activists emerged following the expansion of the infrastructure of capital relations in a way that it is more than relying on the productive resources and characteristics within the territory to serve additional value. It is strongly influenced by the types of interactions outside the territory of the ecosystem (cities-villages). In this regard, the spatial imbalance has formed that improving the communication infrastructure has provided the creative platforms for planning the sustainability of the development and the integrity of the ecosystem.

Purpose of the research:

 In the framework of the network paradigm, with an emphasis on the approach of the principles of the regional network, in order to analyze the role and functions of summer and winter pastures within the realm of the ecosystem and the relationships and links outside the realm of the ecosystem with cities and villages based on the preservation and or transforming the capital (maintenance in banks, funds and cooperatives, buying and renting property and real estate, increasing livestock and production, insurance) in order to gain more value. Among these effects, he mentioned the spatial differences of the systems and the interference of users on each other's resources.

in terms of purpose, it is practical and based on a descriptive-analytical method. According to the nature of the research, the method of data collection is a library research method and field visits based on all the systems at the ecosystem level. The required data and information have been collected from the questionnaire tool and questioning technique. Then, the spatial network analysis method (based on the social network analysis method) has been used. In the framework of this method, the primary analysis criteria are based on the classified indicators of the flows under the conceptual relationships of the adapted elements of the networks. The tool used for analysis is software (Ucinet).

Geographical area of research: 

The research location was summer pasture systems located in Shorab Tengzai village and Winter pasture systems around the villages (Lali, Andika, Gatund, Shushtar, Masjid Sulaiman) as the whole ecosystem as well as the junctions (Chama, Khoon Kalli, Zarde, Lepad, Chelo, Shimbar and Minar).

For centralized planning and investment restructuring to achieve sustainable development of the whole integrated ecosystem, it is necessary to know the spatial patterns of interactions and characteristics of relationships - visible and hidden relationships between inside and outside the territory.

The nature of the flow of capital relies on environmental resources (grazing space and pasture), supply and livestock production. With the role of the urban centers of Lali, the ecosystem is limited to three main cities in the neighborhood of the ecosystem. By following the polar spatial pattern, the financial reserves and capital are transferred to buy houses and properties near winter pastures and to buy and increase livestock in winter pastures. Therefore, the cities of Lali, Farsan, and Shahrekord took the first, second, and third places, and the resorts of Golchin, Chamdar, and Ab Bakshan took the fourth, fifth, and sixth places.

This study aims to analyze the future status of rural-urban linkage benefits for sustainable food security in rural settlements in the study area. In this applied and descriptive-analytical research, the necessary information was collected in two ways: library and questionnaire. Micmac software and scenario wizard were used to analyze the data. Findings indicate that 52 factors were identified as essential benefits affecting the sustainable food security status of the study area. The status of dispersion of rural-urban linkage variables in the sustainable food security of the studied villages indicates their unsustainable status. Final scores were obtained and ranking of key factors was performed. The crucial final factors are urban and rural specialist workforce, agricultural services and production support, formal and informal urban institutions interacting with rural institutions, and the agricultural sector targeted institutionalism. Also, the formation and expansion of conversion and complementary industries, social networks for product offering and information exchange, businesses, microcredit, branding, and marketing became apparent. Based on these factors, four scenarios for the future status of rural-urban linkage benefits in food security of the study area were presented.

Statement of the Problem:

 Interactions and spatial flows are within and outside the territory among different life patterns (between cities, villages, and nomadic spatial actors) at the level of geographical areas, including nomadic ecosystems. In this regard, interactions and development of nomadic ecosystems affect both sides of heterogeneous areas form a level of spatial integration, and provide a platform for innovation and creativity for sustainable spatial development planning.

The present study, in the framework of the network paradigm with emphasis on the regional network approach, seeks to analyze the patterns of spatial interactions in the nomadic ecosystem of the Babadi Bab Bakhtiari tribe.

The present research was applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method. The method of data collection according to the nature of the research was library and field visits based on the number of spatial actors (summer-winter quarters) at the ecological level. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and the questioning technique. Then, the spatial network analysis method (which is based on the social network analysis method) was used. In the framework of this method, the basic criteria of analysis are based on the framework of socio-spatial criteria (location, distance, scale, and power). The UCINET software was also used for data analysis.

Based on the findings and the four criteria studied by socio-spatial actors in the ecosystem, spatial interaction patterns lacked integration. In this sense, the division of spatial labor has been spontaneous (without planning) in such a way that the flow center of the people is limited. Therefore, the middle centers (Mianbandha) ranked first and the cities of Chelgard, Farsan, Lali, and Sheikh Ali Khanranks ranked second, third, fourth, and fifth in the patterns of spatial interactions inside and outside the socio-spatial bio-realm. Influenced by the type and nature of the flow of people, the daily migration of nomads is subject to the centralized pattern (single-center) and one-way spatial interactions, and the seasonal migration of nomads follows the decentralized pattern (multi-center) and two-way spatial interactions. The later migration is far from the pattern of network spatial interactions because in most spatial actors, two-way links are established apparently.

Innovation: 

In this study, the analysis of spatial interaction patterns affected by the type and nature of people within the nomadic ecosystem and the relationship of the entire ecosystem with cities and villages, was considered spatially. In addition, following the discovery of the visible and hidden relationships of spatial actors of the nomadic ecosystem, people flow indices are categorized under the conceptual relationships of the combined elements of human relationship geography and social networks in order to analyze spatial interaction patterns in a dynamic network. 

The existence of spatial interactions of border areas in all countries has made these areas sensitive centers. The border areas of Kurdistan Province have been able to establish extensive connections with the Iraqi border areas in the shadow of comparative and competitive advantages. In this regard, the study of interaction between settlements, spatial pattern of interactions and its development effects at the level of these areas can provide the necessary framework for sustainable spatial development planning. The present study seeks to identify and analyze the pattern governing spatial interactions in the border areas of Kurdistan province. This research is descriptive-analytical based on method, and fundamental based on purpose. Its statistical population consists of households in 207 villages and 8 border towns. Determination of sample size for rural settlements was obtained using Cochran's formula of 135 villages. For some reason such as (inaccessibility of some villages, security issues and restrictions in border areas the final sample size was confined to 46 villages. Samples were selected using two stratified and quota random methods.  In relation to urban areas, in this study, all cities in the border areas of Kurdistan province were studied by full counting method. The results indicated that there is an inequality in distribution of facilities and services.  This situation indicates the lack of network pattern formation and mutual flows in the area. The results showed that the flow of goods and capital in a trans-regional form and in relation to the national cross-border points of the west of the country such as (Sulaimaniyah and Erbil) and capital points (Tehran), have the greatest effects on the formation of spatial pattern of border interactions in the study area. It can be compared to a rhombus pattern (center-periphery-center). Also, service and information flows within the region have had the greatest impact on the formation of the polar or center-peripheral pattern in the study area.

One of the characteristics of human settlements is their evolvability and dynamism. This dynamism in space enables the creation of spatial flows between cities and villages in the form of urban-rural links. The urban-rural links are the result of the mutual interactions of rural settlements and urban hubs in the field of an area being created by the flows of people, commodities and information. The formation and expansion of these spatial flows at different levels (local and regional) lead to the creation of spatial organization. Accordingly, the present paper is to analyze the spatial interactions of tourist destinations destinations of Mohammad Abad-Zarrin Gol region in Aliabad Katoul city. Data have been collected through documentation and field methods. In field method, inquiry technique and questionnaire instrument were used. Of course, some secondary data were collected from information centers such as Iranian Statistical Center and some organizations like governor’s office, the office of cultural heritage, tourism and handicrafts in Aliabad Katoul city. Due to the nature of the problem, it has been used the Social Network Analysis (SNA). In the method, there are three kinds of indicators that in the present research, macro indicators (network size, network density and network centrality) have been applied. Furthermore, in the method, stream data were analyzed by Nodexl software. According to the research findings, the following results were obtained: - Although spatial interactions at the regional level have been formed on the basis of environmental structures based on agricultural activities, they are more diverse in recent decade due to the changes of social-economic contexts and environmental potential (natural landscape) based on tourism activities and indigenous investments (related to tourism);