جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توان اکولوژیک » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Ensuring food security and agricultural livelihood requires a comprehensive and systematic approach with the aim of sustainable use and management of natural resources through the development and adaptation of agricultural technology. Sesame is one of the most important oil seeds. Due to its strategic importance, determining suitable areas by considering climatic and soil parameters is considered one of the best solutions in sustainable production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to zonate the agricultural ecological potential of 6 cities (Hirmand, Zabul, Zahedan, Zahk, Hamon and Nimroz) in the north and center of Sistan and Baluchestan province for sesame cultivation using climatic and soil parameters. In this study, for the zoning of sesame cultivation, a total of 16 spatial criteria (optimal temperature, temperature set, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, slope, elevation, organic matter, soil salinity, pH and amount of nutrients It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc in the soil. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, Boolean logic to classify criteria into suitable and unsuitable classes, and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method to obtain a zoning map have been used to obtain the weights of the criteria. . The results showed that among the selected criteria for preparing the sesame cultivation map, average rainfall and minimum temperature have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. The results of the final suitability map for sesame cultivation in the studied area showed that the highest percentage of the area belongs to the very unsuitable class (0.616) and the lowest percentage belongs to the very suitable class (0.016). Also, the results of the area percentage of different classes separately for each city for sesame cultivation showed that among the studied cities, Zahedan city has more area in the very suitable class than other cities. The functional results of sesame in the studied areas were consistent with the results of the research.

Land use change is one of the most important factors affecting ydrological conditions, erosion and sometimes causing biodiversity destruction. The purpose of this research is evaluation of run off generation process in current land use condition in comparison to the optimized land use condition in Shiraz Nahre Azam watershed. To do this, after preparation of current and optimized (land use types regarding to land capability) land use maps, the effects of land use on run off generation was evaluated for the mentioned two conditions using SCS hydrological model. Comparison of the land uses in two conditions show that the area of agricultural areas do not show considerable differences. However, there is 8.1% decrease in urbanized area and 17.18% increase in range lands in optimized land use condition comparing to the current land use condition. Results also show that the overall value of CN in current land use condition is 82.6 where it is 75.2 in the optimized land use condition. The percentage of decrease in run off in optimized land use condition over the current land use condition decreases as the return period is increased, and the highest decrease of run off belongs to return periods of 2, 5, 10 and 25 years which is respectively 37.47, 29.97, 26.54 and 23.32%. The results of this research show that identification of the capability of the the lands is very important and the land use planning based on the land potential plays an important role on reduction of flood damages and run off loss.

Land use planning is the regulation of the relationship between human beings, land and activity in order to make appropriate and sustainable use of all facilities. Due to the lack of a comprehensive use planning in Iran, especially in the Zagros region, the destruction of natural resources and habitats in the region and the poor living conditions, it is necessary to address this issue. In this research, spatial evaluation method has been used in combination with decision making techniques. For this purpose, 31 criteria in both ecological and socio -economic sectors have been used to measure and evaluate the capability of the Zagros region. First, using 20 criteria, ecological capability was assessed and its index was obtained, and then, using 11 criteria, the socio -economic development index was calculated, and by combination of these two indicators, the final development index was extracted. Based on the final evaluation results and criteria used in this process, about 59% of the total area is constrained. 2.72% of the region has a very good potential for industrial development and about 5.55% has a good potential. This means that in total about 8.5% of the area of the study area has a suitable and very suitable capacity for development. The socio -economic development index is defined based on 11 economic and social criteria, which are calculated separately for each province and then finalized in combination with the ecological capability index. The results of this index show that Kermanshah province has the highest power (0.52) and Kurdistan province has the lowest power (0.20).

The present study aimed to investigate and predict the changes in metrics and Landscape change processes in the Gorganrood watershed in Golestan province.

First, land cover maps were prepared in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Then predict land cover changes for future conditions, under two scenarios (1) continuation of the current trend of change for 2040 and (2) land cover changes for 2040 based on the ecological potential of the land, using land change modeling. Metrics and processes of land change in the studied years and scenarios were extracted using Fragstats software and their changes were analyzed during the study period (1990 to 2020). According to the results obtained during the study period, deforestation (279.53km2), reduction of rangeland lands (542.598km2), agricultural development (413 km2), and development of residential areas (133.81km2) have occurred in the Gorganrood watershed.

According to the predicted land cover for 2040 under two management scenarios, the area of ​​forest, agriculture, and rangeland in the first scenario (based on the current trend of change) with a change of -58.37, 35.8, 8.28 km2 to 1364.98, 2396.09 and 3481.18km2 will be reached. Meanwhile, in the second scenario (based on ecological potential), the area of ​​forest, agriculture, and rangeland changed by 4.27, -100.86, and 96.58 km2 to 1427.54, 2258.55 and 3567.49km2 will receive.

Increasing and decreasing the number of patches in human and natural uses, respectively, indicate the destructive trend of the landscape during the research period. Forest degradation, rangeland segregation and creation processes in agriculture and residential areas have occurred during the 30-year research period in the Gorganrood watershed.

Ecological capability assessment is part of the land preparation process by which the capacity of each area is assessed for specific uses and the area's capacity is determined and graded on the basis of scientific components. In this ecological approach, human activities in the territorial area pave the way for each region's capability and potential to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of agricultural land use in West Azarbaijan province. This study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical methodology. To do this research, using effective information layers and GIS software, effective factors in assessing ecological ability were determined, weighted, evaluated and their layers were drawn and finally an ecological power map was prepared. It was mentioned. The results of the analysis indicate the differences in the ecological potential of the provinces. In the field of agricultural ecological potential, the cities of Urmia, Khoy, Naghadeh, Miandoab have the highest potential due to slope, high soil quality, good temperature and rainfall and low soil erodibility. Be it. In contrast, Sardasht and Chaldaran cities have the least potential. Because of Sardasht city due to high slope and mountainous terrain, impassable highlands and valley and non-flat lands, forest vegetation, low air temperature and high number of frost days and Chaldaran city due to high erosion and abundant rangelands, lands Mountainous and lower rainfall have lower agricultural capacity than other cities in the province.impassable highlands and valley and non-flat lands, forest vegetation, low air temperature and high number of frost days and Chaldaran city due to high erosion and abundant rangelands, lands Mountainous and lower rainfall have lower agricultural capacity than other cities in the province.

Assessment of the landchr('39')s capacity for urban development in the sense of objectifying the potential of the land is among the expected and executable applications. On the other hand, increasing urban population, followed by the growth of cities, due to the expansion of urban development makes moving toward the principles of sustainable development an indispensable act. Kerman as one of Iranchr('39')s major cities encountering with limited natural and human development, is not an exception. Thus, it is essential to take into account its development structure. This study aims to identify the fertile lands for future development of the city of Kerman. This study is functional in nature and purpose and descriptive-analytic in methodology. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the method of fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Boolean was employed, and finally by combination of maps, appropriate lands for future development of Kerman were identified. The results of this study showed that the lands located in South, Southwest, and North and northwest of the city of Kerman are in a better position for future development compared to other parts of the city.

Evaluating the ecological capability is so important that if the selected land lacks the appropriate ecological potential for the implementation of a specific land use, implementing the plan (even if there is a socio-economic need for that specific land use) not only does not improve the environmental status of the region, but also causes more environmental damages. As an economic activity that somehowsells the natural and cultural heritage of different regions, and depends on the natural environment and its exploitation, tourism is one of the most important environmental potentials. Therefore, tourism is considered to be a path to sustainable development, which through its multidimensional nature not only meets the needs of tourists, but also creates major changes in the systemof the host society. Consequently, in order to achieve sustainability, tourismshould be planned in a way that it does not negatively affect the environment, economy and culture of the host societyand meets the needs of the current generation without overusing what also belongs to the next generations.

The present studywas applied in nature and took advantage of a descriptive-analytical method to study the parameters in two main sub-sections.The first part included a library research performed with the aim of investigating related theoretical literature and the research background.The second part included some interviews and a field research performed for data collection. To evaluate the regional environmental capability and overlayingmaps in ArcGIS environment, Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methodand Fuzzy operatorswere used. First, the final map of ecological capability for the development of sustainable rural tourism was analyzed and evaluated using WLC method based on highly appropriate, appropriate, limited appropriateness, inappropriate, and highly inappropriate classes. Then, fuzzy maps were produced with a gamma value of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 to obtain the tourism capacity of the region. And finally, the Kappa coefficient was used to compare the accuracy of classifications obtained from the WLC and fuzzy methods.

Findings indicate that with a weight of 0.33,tourism resources are the most important factor or capability in the development of sustainable rural tourism in Neyshabur County. The topography, with a weight of 0.192 is considered to be the second most important factor according to the experts and specialists. The third most important factor is the land cover with a weight of 0.138 and then, climate criteria with a weight of 0.117, hazards with a weight of 0.088, socioeconomic factors with a weight of 0.084 and water resources with a weight of 0.051 had the highest scores. Finally, the scores were applied to the GIS environmentusing the WLC method, and the final map of land capability for sustainable rural tourism in Neyshabur County was obtained.Also, the statistical information obtained from the final map of land capability shows that 27.27% of the area is located in the very appropriate class, and31.76%is located in the appropriate class, while 22.23% and 4.28% of the region belongs to the highly inappropriate and inappropriate classes respectively.In the next step, tourism capacity maps of the region were prepared using a Fuzzy model with 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 operators. The study area was divided into five categories: very high, high, medium, low and very low in terms of tourism capability.The last and the most important step was to find the most accuratemap from those produced using AHP and fuzzy methods with different gamma values of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. To reach this aim, field observations and interviews with experts and specialists ofthe field were performed. Therefore, results obtained from the maps were compared with the experts’ opinions. Findings indicates that the operator with a gamma value of0.7 and a kappa coefficient of 0.84 is considered to bemore reliable than the operators with a gamma value of0.8, and 0.9 and AHP model. Thus, the 0.7 gamma operator is considered to bethe most suitable model for environmental capabilityassessmentin the region regarding tourism.

Using natural capabilities and potentials is the most cost-effective and lucrative way to achieve sustainable development. Findings of the present studyindicated that the operator with a gamma value of 0.7 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.84 is considered to be the most suitable model for the assessmentof the region’senvironmental capability for the development of sustainable rural tourism and it is more reliable and appropriate than the AHP model and operators with a gamma value of 0.9 and 0.8.Finally, considering the capabilities and potentials of the Neyshabur County for the development of sustainable rural tourism, it is recommended to consider development of tourism in this county as the priority of rural development plans and to use the natural resources of the area especially in the appropriate and highly appropriate classesas a way to achieve sustainable tourism development of the county in the most cost-effective way. It is also suggested that with appropriate management, planning and using the ideas of academic researchers to improve the capabilities of theaverage class, we can make the most out of the potentials of this area to develop sustainable regional tourism.

Green economy is one of the new topics in scientific societies in recent decades; its goal is human welfare and social justice by creating confidence in environmental protection along with economic growth. But achieving such a stage of sustainability depends on fully recognizing the ecological potential of each land as a platform for economic growth and development. Each region has a certain level of power and talent that must be evaluated before investing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of the land in order to achieve a green economy in the province of West Azarbaijan. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. First, a list of destructive factors and their severity in West Azarbaijan province was compiled by qualitative method and through interviews with 10 experts, and then the vulnerability of the province was calculated with the "Makhdoom" destruction model. After determining the three characteristics of the destruction model, the destruction coefficient in each of the land units was examined and analyzed. In total, the destruction coefficient for the province was estimated to be 36.92, which is in the sensitive range and requires protection measures. Then the ecological potential of the province in three areas of residential, tourism and industrial development has been studied. Using information layers and GIS software environment, effective factors in ecological potential assessment were determined, weighted, evaluated and the resulting layers were drawn, and finally an ecological capacity map was prepared for the three mentioned uses. A brief look at the research results indicates the difference in the ecological potential of the counties of the province and also the difference in the three components in each city. According to the results, in the field of ecological potential of residential development; Poldasht, Mako, Bukan counties have the most potential and Sardasht, Chaldoran and Takab counties have the least capacity. In the field of tourism, Poldasht, Sardasht and Shahindej counties have the most, and Salmas, Piranshahr and Oshnoyeh counties have the least potential. In terms of industry development capacity, Shut, Bukan and Miandoab counties have the highest capacity and Sardasht, Oshnoyeh and Chaldoran counties have the lowest capacity.

Evaluating ecological capability, potential of the land is determined by criteria. The purpose of this study is Check the potential of Chit gar Forest park for tourism. In this research, with study different sources and take standards, the criteria and sub-criteria, were determined the criteria used: maps soil science, land science, topography, temperature and rain, blanket plant, land use, distance of water source, distance of tourism appeal, distance of way, distance of human habitation. with use form of twin analogies weight of criteria and sub-criteria become assignment and the hierarchical analysis process was used to weight the criteria. Recreational ability assessment was carried out according to the weight assigned to a large outing. Finally, the final strength of the area was determined by combining layers. Expert Choice 11 software was used to weigh the criteria and ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to analyze the layers. Based on the results of about, 20% of the area has the potential for a massive outdoor recreation of this amount 1383 hectares were suitable for extensive class1 activity, 184/541 hectares were considered suitable for extensive recreation of tow classrooms, and 2/78hectares were classified as inappropriate. Which is on the highlands. In this model, there were no removable natural barriers. Overall, it should be noted that vegetation depletion will have an impact on vegetation diversity as well as degradation and pollution of the area, which in turn will reduce tourism potential in future seals, and local authorities should make decisions

The assessment of the ecological potential of the environment is to determine or predict the potential power and natural land use type. Environmental assessment is therefore a tool for strategic land use planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of urban, rural and industrial land use in Kangavar city with an area of ​​883.9 km2 using Makhdoom ecological model. In the process of research, the required data were collected, produced and produced. After creating and combining the maps in the GIS software in a multi-hybrid way, the maps of environmental units were constructed and the ecological potential of the area was evaluated using the features of each environmental unit. To do this, the indices and variables that could be involved in each of these models were examined. To classify the ecological potential of the area for urban, rural and industrial uses and to map the power of different classes, 18 parameters were used as criteria for weighting and power determination. The results of Kangavar city's ecological assessment indicate that a 100.26 square kilometer area (11.34%) of Kangavar city is suitable for urban, rural and industrial use for 1st class. Also in the city, 483.1 square kilometers (54.64%) is quite suitable for 2nd floor. By comparing the existing and optimal land use map, it was determined that the area of ​​urban land use development in inappropriate zones is 2.5 square kilometers.

There exist three major approaches to land use: economic-oriented approach, an egalitarian approach, and sustainable development. In recent few decades, sustainable development theory and subsequently the ecological approach has become the dominant paradigm in the land use planning thought. In this approach, land use planning is a reasonable use of land which is based on the maintenance of green lands and environment generally. In Mashhad metropolitan area in recent years, the uncontrolled growth of urban settlements has led to the deterioration of agricultural lands and pastures. So, in this study, it is attempted firstly to determine an optimal ecological land-use pattern on the basis of the ecological approach. Secondly, the pattern was compared to the existing land-use situation. For this purpose, Makhdum’s method was applied and data were processed using the AHP model in ArcGIS 9.3. For this purpose, twelve natural criteria were chosen, and based on Saati’s table we assigned weights to them. Then, based on the mentioned twelve criteria, twelve suitability maps were generated. Finally, using mathematical overlaying, the layers were merged together and the final optimal pattern was introduced.  The results of the present study indicated that the existing land-use situation is not in accordance with the optimal land use pattern and this could lead to irreparable environmental, economic and sociological damages. Thus, it is necessary to remind that planning authorities should think about controlling the growth of the city and consider some arrangements for urban development and management of the region.

One of the main stages of land use is the ecological capability of the land. Since it is impossible to limit the development of cities, they should be tailored to meet the needs of today and tomorrow, so that environmental damage can not be avoided. The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological capability of Ardabil province for urban development. . In this research, the zoning of the ecological capability of Ardabil province has been done by combining the fuzzy model and Shannon entropy, and then, using numerical taxonomy, priority has been given to environmental power in Ardabil province, in five optimal, favorable, moderate , Weak and very weak power of the region for sustainable urban development. The use of multi-criteria models, including fuzzy inference and the production of maps that are close to reality, can effectively assist in the identification of lands for the establishment and development of the city of Ardabil province. The results of this study showed that in both methods (fuzzy and taxonomic), northern parts of the province are suitable regions to the most suitable, the southern parts are inadequate, parts of the eastern parts are moderate to suitable and inappropriate western parts. According to the findings, the areas are very convenient 12.22%, suitable for 18.27%, 20.20%, inappropriate 25.13%, and very inappropriate 23.26% of the province. The results of the research can be of great help in locating the cities appropriately to prevent environmental crises and make sustainable and sustainable use of the

Introduction: Developing tourism in the areas that have the required capabilities can be a useful way for the host communities to comprehensively grow and develop. Attractions are necessary but insufficient elements to develop tourism in an area since developing tourism requires accurate identification of the area and providing services to tourists. More importantly, lack of careful planning to recognize the appropriate tourism may lead to undesirable consequences for the environment. Currently, most countries in the world are competing to take more advantages of their capabilities and obtain a larger share of revenue from tourism. However, unlike having a variety of attractions, the cities in Iran have so far failed to make use of this advantage well. Gorgan city with plains in north and mountains in south has special natural and tourism features so that there is a temperate climate and many water resources that can create an area rich in ecotourism attractions. In this regard, this paper aims at evaluating the ecological capability in order to organize sustainable ecotourism by using MCE in Gorgan city, contributing to planning and managing tourism in this area to maximize positive capabilities and minimize the negative ones. Materials and Methods: This paper is going to evaluating the ecological indices to organize sustainable ecotourism in Gorgan by using MCE (Multi Criteria Evaluation). Since identifying and evaluating tourism capabilities is a multi-criteria decision- making issue, this study uses fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model and WLC method (Weighted Linear Combination) in GIS environment. This paper is an applied-developmental study and the methodology used in this study is analytical-descriptive. The collecting data tool is library research method (using articles, reports, and other written available documents), interview, and case-studies. Discussion of Results: This paper studied 31 sub-criteria under 6 main criteria. The criteria used in this paper include continuous and discrete data whose standardization and weighting vary in the nature and value attributes of each criterion. At this point, the data layers developed to be used in fuzzy analysis were converted to appropriate formats of IDRISI 17 and ARC GIS10.1. Moreover, we used fuzzy logic for combing layers and determining the degree of membership fuzzy logic. Each layer in fuzzy logic is between 0 and 1 (0 < μ(x) <1) (Lin, 1996). Regarding this fact that it is possible to show the values between 0-255 in computer systems, we may show them between 0- 255 rather than 0- 1. At this scale, larger numbers have more utility. That is, the closer are values to 255, the more utility they will have. Creating layers and fuzzy sets in terms of their nature and types of applications, we used different functions and finally standardized each spatial layer. Standardizing and weighting the criteria, WLC method was used to do phase modulation and overlapping operations, and the final maps were extracted. Generally, the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) was used based on the following relation: S= ∑ i=1 to nWiXi∏Ci Conclusions: According to the evaluations in the studied area, the results indicate that the identified areas on the map as appropriate areas for the development of sustainable ecotourism are more located in the southern and central parts of the area. The northern parts that are mostly plains are not much potential in terms of sustainable ecotourism development. The results show that 129.8 km2 (8%), 355.52 km2 (22%), 371.68 km2 (23%), 533.28 km2 (33%), 226.24 km2 (14%) of the total 1616 km2 of the Gorgan city have very weak, weak, average, high, and very high capabilities for ecotourism development, respectively. the regions with high density of vegetation and water resources good climate (southern and central parts) have the most capabilities for ecotourism activities. Analyzing the utility map, the northern regions are not potential for ecotourism development.

This study aimed to evaluate the ecological potential of Tehran through the development of ecotourism using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic in Geographic Information System (GIS). The research method of the present study was a descriptive - analytic one based on documentary, library and field studies as well as the analysis of spatial data. The place of the study was chosen based on previous similar studies which were tailored to local conditions. In this article, eight criteria including altitude, vegetation, soil texture, slope, slope direction, geology, soil, and land use were applied for zoning the lands which were suitable for developing ecotourism in Tehran province. Besides assessing the ecological potential of the region for ecotourism development, the researchers used a combination of AHP and Fuzzy Logic in GIS. The obtained results showed that the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in approximately 27.41 percent of the understudy area was equivalent to 164,274.43 hectares and in a very proper class. The AHP for very inappropriate and unsuitable class was nearly 56.92 percent which equaled 762,401.8 hectares of the area. About 15.63 percent of the area equaled 206,317.46 hectares was in the average class. On the other hand, the results of the fuzzy logic analysis showed that approximately 42.32 percent of the area understudy equaled 610,669.46 hectares in the proper class. This is the amount for inappropriate and unsuitable class which equaled 44.57 percent or 590,249.16 hectares of area. About 13.11 percent of the total area or 167,091.37 hectares of the belonged to the middle class.

Zoning is a science through which the optimal use of a land is determined based on its ecological, economical, and social characteristics. In many zones of Iran, the use and management of land is carried out without considering its potentials which in turn causes disinvestment and decrease of environmental potentials in metropolises suburbs. Thus the importance of land preparation in urban areas with focus on tourism cannot be ignored since the resorts in these areas are the destinations of the tourists who are going to spend their holidays there to enjoy a less populated environment. The tourists visiting these areas have various motives like sports, entertainment, and recreation. In the present study planning the land use and land preparation map have been investigated using GIS in an area of 184 hectares in Mashhad. In order to prepare the required maps in spatial planning analysis through analytic functions of GIS, all of the maps were mixed and 629 environmental units were determined as the assessors of land use and management. Comparing the various maps led to prioritizing the proposed uses for designing the park. The ecological capability map also show that some areas need protection for which the necessary arrangements should be considered.

With the increase in population and consequent increasing needs of society, land use planning is of particular importance. Land use planningdue to being involved with several conflicting aims, multi- objective evolutionary algorithm would be a useful tool to solve land use planning. But use of these algorithms should be examined according to the type of issues. In the study, addition to introducing a model to optimize land use, effective solution for the application of multi- objective genetic algorithm on a variety of problems related to land use planning was presented. In order to land uses optimization in the study, the algorithm NSGA-II was use in the model. Output of the model might be introduced patterns for reduction of erosion to an acceptable level and enhancing the economic benefits. This will be skillfully carried out while the land use adaptation is in the highest level and land use changes are easy with high level of continuity.An innovative operator which producing the initial population and an innovative operator with an appropriate Crossover of land use planning issues were developed.The developed model in the study was implemented in Kerman-Rodbar watershed. Evaluation results show that the model is able to suggest patterns to land use planning that reduce erosion about 30 to 35%. While the economic benefits of the changes will be about 40 to 50 %. Furthermore all models have a high consistency and low difficulty to change. These operators have had a significant impact on problem solving.

In this research، after land use and slope mapping، the ecological capability of dry farming lands in Zilbar-chay watershed were evaluated to convert pasture using GIS in West-East Azerbaijan. Slope map was derived from DEM model and present land use map was derived using existing information، Landsat images، aerial photos and fieldworks. Then، land use and slope map were compared to discriminate the dry farming lands، which were distributed on more than 12% of slopes for converting to pasture. Results show that the discrimination between dry farming lands from rangelands according to the scale of the study and the size of cultivated lands was faced with problem، thus some parts of the rangeland and dry farming lands were mapped as complex units. Accuracy of the produced map was 77% and Kappa coefficient was 0. 77. Total dry farming lands on watershed were estimated about 9،364 ha. Some 5،555 ha of dry farming lands has distributed on the area with the higher than 12% slopes، covering 2،352 ha of areas with 20 to 30% and 3،203 ha on the areas with 12 to 20% slope. From the ecological capability perspective these lands should be converted to other land uses such as pasture. By continuing current dry farming land practices on the areas with higher slopes and dry farming technical issues، particularly up and down tillage، would cause increase in the severity of degradation and in turn the loss of soil and water in a long period. While، if these areas convert to permanent vegetation cover (pasture)، not only the amount of yield will be increased some 11،110 tons of forage per year and in comparison with wheat، the amount of yield will be increased about 2. 4 times، but it also will improve the erosion control and soil and water conservation.

Eco-tourism (ecological tourism) is naturally close relationship with the environment, Theenvironmental assessment be done properly if it leads to the development of rural areas of thecity. Environmental protection strategy, especially in less developed regions where thedevelopment could be based on tourism, is more important. Rhine historical and tourist city inKerman Province in the mountain range that has thousands of good weather and the potentialfor eco-tourism (ecological tourism), which is examined in this study. Applied research anddevelopment research method is descriptive. The main objective of this study was to evaluatethe ecological zoning for the development of ecotourism based on GIS and AHP inidentifying the rural town of Rhine is examined. After weighting variables AHP hierarchywere using GIS to overlay zoning, resulting in the development of eco-tourism for the regionRhine in three separate classification was developed 3/27% Rayen area on the first floorprioritized for development User tourist 7/6% second priority area, which if necessary can beused to develop tourism. Also, 66% of the Rayen area of tourism, ecological tourism in thearea is poor management and political strategies that contribute to the development of theRayen.