جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شمیرانات » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The extent of land use change dimensions is one of the major challenges facing sustainable agriculture and identifying the factors affecting it is one of the important issues. In this regard, in 1995and with amendments in 2006, it was considered a crime to change land use and gardens outside the legal context of the villages and in the cities privacy, which would destroy agricultural land. The main purpose of this research is to identify the effects and consequences of legal and judicial decisions leading to the destruction of the construction building on agricultural conservation and development. The present study was conducted through a library method and a review of relevant resources with subject as well as field survey and observation and interview tools. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. This study investigates various dimensions of physical, socio-economic, environmental and managerial-legal and the researchfindings show that in the physical sector؛land abandonment, in the socio-economic sector؛reducing the productivity of agriculturalcrops, in the environmental sector؛natural Landscape change of lands and ultimately, in the management-legal sector, theweaknesses of the laws are among the most important and effective indicators and play an important role on agricultural lands due to the destruction of buildings and wastes of it.

IntroductionRural areas, due to their landscapes, natural attractions and abilities attract tourists. However, there emerge kinds of tourism that with respect to conditions and particularities leave behind different impacts and consequences around that rural set up. In Iran, too, attractions and scenic landscapes as well as suitable ecological condition of some of the villages have caused remarkable growth of tourism over the past few years; hence led to the formation of different tourism patterns. Among these patterns, whose classifications are based on types and length of stay of tourists, include the second homes tourism and the same day visits. Today, these are considered as one of the methods of passing leisure times and refinement energy. Among rural areas, the villages of Shemiranat County in northern Tehran metropolis, have attracted principal forms of tourism i.e. eco-tourism, sports, religious and natural tourism in the forms of second homes tourism and same day visits. In other words, the effects and consequences of these touristic patterns can easily be observed in this area Paying. Attention to these impacts seems necessary, because the sensitivity of this region with respect to the ecological conditions and socio-economic condition. Taking into account the same, the current paper tries to identify economic impacts of the aforementioned tourism patterns, especially by designing a key question, like as follows: “Is there significant differences between economic impacts of same day visits and second homes tourism?” Consequently, with a Sustainable development approach, a comparative study and analysis of the economic effects of the above two patterns are accomplished.MethodologyApplied Methodology in this research is comparative and descriptive-analytical, based on documentation and field study (questionnaires). In order to reach to the objects, 5 villages - including Shemshak, Aahar, Lalan, Afjeh and Lavasanat Bozorg - were selected as sample villages where both second homes tourism and same day visits are prevalent. Statistical population includes 105 heads of the households living in these villages. For comparing effects of the above two patterns, at first step 34 necessary indices were selected based on related literature and their content analysis, and then these were assessed by 35 academic members and tourism experts through Delphi method based on 5 criteria in two stages, and finally 26 indices were accepted. Likewise, to analyze the data, descriptive and inference statistics calculated by SPSS software.ResultsResearch findings show that two tourism patterns of second homes tourism and same day visits in study area, lead to different effects such as creation of employment, increasing incomes, and increase of the buying capacity of local people. Also, there are some negative effects such as increasing the prices of lands and decreasing the agricultural activities. Along these impacts and effects, the most considerable point is that the rural tourism could be effective in boosting women employment, creating economic institutions, investment in tourism-related production activities and investment in education services. The research findings, based on the responses, confirm the effectiveness of the second homes tourism in a way that 74.3% and 25.7% people favored the second homes tourism and same day visits, respectively as a desirable pattern. Also, 71.4% and 28.6% responses introduced the second homes tourism and same day visits as more effective patterns, respectively.ConclusionThe results acquired from a comparison of economic effects of the two proposed patterns indicated that the second homes tourism has been more effective than same day visits. As the study showed, there existed significance differences between the two patterns. Likewise, the viewpoints of residents with regard to their tendencies toward development of the tourism patterns showed that they are more inclined towards the second homes tourism. Along these tendencies, more deep study and data analysis of each of the touristic patterns indicated that although the second homes tourism has more economic benefits, it had more resource consumption compare to same day visits too. As such, the tendency to the second homes tourism turned around to the aspect that had been highlighted by a large number of researchers i.e. “understanding of economic effects in determining desirable tendencies of local residents were much effective to an extent that the undesirable effects and confusion became weaker”.

One of the issues in Tourist Industry development in regions with tourist potentiality is to know the strong points, weak points, opportunities and threats facing this industry. Although many tourist regions, e.g. Shemiranat, have received tourist's attention and their attractions have been known to many people but the use of tourist potentialities and attractions without planning would result in destruction of these opportunities. So it is needed to know and organize the tourist conditions in these regions. In this article, in order to organize tourism in Shemiranat, the authors tried to first analyze the strong and weak points, originated from within, together with the outside opportunities and threats, and then offer some main policies to use the strong points and opportunities and reduce the weak points and threats