جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر بیرجند » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Multidimensional urban quality of Life encompasses horizontal dimensions (objective and subjective dimensions) and vertical dimensions (themes), which include relevant aspects of the living conditions that should be objectively and subjectively assessed. They took into consideration the objective, mental and vertical and horizontal dimensions of the quality of life category, which makes the officials would be able to not only provide their satisfactory at the highest level, but also step positively forward to determining reasons of citizens’ dissatisfactory and establish infrastructures that citizens are interested to, through tracking changes of all aspects of quality of life and choosing proper development of the city.

Methods and Material:

 The following study seek to survey the condition of quality of life of Birjand city that is recently assigned as the center of South Khorasan, applying descriptive – analytic method. Therefore, a sample of 271 households are selected from different restricts of the city and data are collected through field survey and using questionnaire. Finally, the collected data has been analyzed by statistics methods and related software applications.

The results suggest that the condition of quality of life quality mainly was lower than moderate level, from subjective and objective aspects throughout the whole city. Nevertheless, northern districts suffer much worse and improper condition rather than southern districts; and it is essentially needed that officials, not only implement to improve quality of life within the city, but also take a deeper care to northern districts which are taken more prioritization.

This study tried to contribute to our understanding of the disparities in urban QOL, and provide a scientific basis for urban policies that achieve diversity and inclusiveness.

The population of South Khorasan Province is a village that has experienced severe weather events in the last two decades, this part of the population is vulnerable due to significant dependence on climate change. Agriculture as the most important climate-sensitive livelihood option in rural areas of the province is the main source of local economy, so this population in recent years as environmental and climatic migrants have created the main body of peripheral areas, especially in the city of Birjand. In order to discover the dimensions of vulnerability in suburban areas, 20 quantitative biophysical, social and economic indicators were used. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to analyze data. The results of this study showed that the current socio-economic conditions and increasing environmental pressure as a result of human-environmental interactions are the main causes of vulnerability in most peripherals of Birjand, which have different capacities based on the degree of vulnerability to climate change. Peripherals areas located in the west and southwest of Birjand, including Chekond, Hajiabad, Kalateh Ghaeni, have the highest vulnerability to the consequences of climate change. The results of this study can be used to decide on the selection of strategies for adaptation to climate change in the metropolitan areas of Birjand based on the vulnerability of these areas for managers and planners

A city requires city brand and appropriate strategies for beneficiaries, especially tourists; hence, city development plans can affect the type of city brand orientations. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the effective factors to design structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM was employed to rank the factors and find the correlation between them using Forner-Larcker Matrix. This was an applied-correlational study in which, data were collected through convergent mixed methodology, library study, questionnaire, and Semi-structured interviews. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 381 tourists were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. findings obtained from interviews implied that some points should be considered for the city branding of Birjand. The factors include the significant militarily and academic impact of Birjand on historical aspect and service-based economy of the city, cultural capitals, and the arts that are forgetting, immigration, and implementing the development-driving plans. The research model indicated that city development plans had the highest positive effects on the landscape and mental image regarding city branding plans. Moreover, According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between mental image and landscape (0.66).

The world is warming and the world's population is moving to cities. These two truths do not seem to be related; But a phenomenon called urban heat island connects the two. UHI is one of the most common urban climate phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, become several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. Studying this phenomenon and examining its mechanism is very important for urban planning. In the present study, in order to estimate LST, four single-channel Landsat algorithms, single window, Planck equation and radiation transfer equation in QGIS software environment between 2000 and 2019 in summer and winter seasons in Birjand city have been used. The effect of land use change on the thermal island has also been investigated. In the present study, ground surface temperature in Birjand city was first extracted using Landsat 7 ETM + satellite imagery and Landsat 8 TIRS / OLI sensors in 2000 and 2019 by four methods. In order to investigate the general ability of algorithms to calculate the surface temperature, the statistical indices of mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, mean absolute error and coefficient of determination were used. The results showed that the Landsat single-channel algorithm for calculating the surface temperature in Birjand is more accurate than other algorithms.

The ambient air temperature in the troposphere usually decreases with increased altitude (per 1000 meters increases the height of 5 to 6 degrees Celsius), but sometimes with increased air temperature, which is called temperature or inversion inversion. Temperature inversion occurs when a layer of hot air is above cold air adjacent to the Earth. In this case, air stability is created and instead of increasing temperature height to a few hundred meters above Earth with increased height. We will increase temperature. The importance of temperature inversion phenomenon is doubled when examining the effects of temperature inversion phenomenon. The phenomenon of temperature inversion is important because it causes fumation. This phenomenon occurs when the sun's radiation is unstable in the vicinity of the surface for a short time after sunrise, then combined with the scattered material in the nightly layer, causing the scattered material to return to the surface. . As a result, the concentration of pollutants increases sharply and the phenomenon of fiomia is created.

In this study, the daily data of the radio atmosphere above the Birjand Synoptic Station (Table 1) for 00 Greenwich (3.5 local) over the last 11 years (2010 to 2020) to 11 km high from Earth from Vioming University He got. Indicators used include thermodynamic indices such as SI, LI, KI and TT and potential temperature. Also of other data used in this study, radiosvand transmitted information including inversion height from ground to meter (ZBASE), inversion height from ground to meter (ZTOP), base temperature in base and inversion layer to degree Selicius (TBASE), the temperature difference between the base and the top of the inversion layer to the grade of silicius (DTINV) is the height difference between the base and the apex of inversion to meter (DZINV) and the pressure in the base (PBSE) and the inversion layer (PTOP) from Relationships (1 and 2) are calculated First calculated using the relationship (1) the potential of the ceiling and the floor of the inversion layer of the relationship (1)Θ: Potential temperature to Kelvin grade T: Temperature to Kelvin P: Air pressure to hectopaskal After calculating the potential temperature of the ceiling and floor of the inversion layer using the relationship (1), we have calculated the intensity of temperature inversion using relationship (2) on a monthly, seasonal and annual time scale. Relationship (2):Δθ Difference of the temperature potential and the base of inversion to the grade of Kelvin Δz thick layer of inversion to meter Z station height to hectometry

The results showed that the average annual temperature inversion phenomenon at Birjand Station was about 90 cases per year, as it may not occur in different heights in some days, about 11.1 % of the radiation temperature inversion, front. A 12.4 %, and the other 76.5 % is related to temperature inversion of subsidence. Due to the air session underneath, the share of subsidence inversions is more than other types of inversion. The results showed that the highest average inversion layer in Birjand was formed in 2010 and 2015 at 9 ° C. The highest annual temperature of the inversion is related to the inversion of subsidence, which is due to the subsidence of the air subcutaneous air subcutaneous in the upper layers of the atmosphere and the high temperature on the ground. In terms of annual altitude, the highest height of the inversion layer occurred in 2019 with 4490 meters. In terms of thickness of the inversion, the inversion of the type of subsidence with 207 and the radiation with 145 meters form the thickest and the thinnest layer of inversion. Results of the average inversion layer pressure in Birjand showed that 2014 and 2015 were formed with about 870 miles and 2019 with 592 milligrams. Among the types of inversion, the most severe inversion of the front was 0.044 % and then subsidence with 0.030 %. In terms of the intensity of severe inversion with 0.7 % and poor inversions with 0.92 % were the lowest and the highest in Birjand. In fact, the inversions of the city of Birjand are poor because of their physiographical and geographical properties.

The correlation results also showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the intensity of inversion and the inversion layer temperature at 99 %. That is, the higher the temperature of the inversion layer, the greater the inversion of inversion and vice versa. But there is a significant relationship between the inversion intensity and the height of the layer at 95 % probability level. This reverse relationship indicates that whenever the inversion layer occurred at the lower altitude, the inversion of inversion has also increased; But the relationship between the thickness and intensity of the inversion layer showed that with the increase in the thickness of the inversion layer, the inversion of inversion in Birjand also increased as the layer temperature was higher as the inversion was more severe. There is also a direct and significant relationship between the intensity and pressure of the inversion layer at 95 % so that with increased pressure, the inversion will increase. In general, the city of Birjand is under the tranquility of the tropical climate because of its specific location, which is also on the roads of 120 -day Sistan, so it will be weak if inversion occurs.

The 20th century has focused on facilitating the movement of motor vehicles in planning transportation and traffic in cities. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the travel behavior of citizens and prepare a conceptual framework about travel behavior. The purpose of this research is to explain the model of the public transportation network based on the travel behavior of citizens, so this research is of a fundamental type and based on the theory derived from the data (foundational data theory) which is an inductive and exploratory research method. Is. The first information was collected through library documents, including the study of other researches, as well as existing theoretical frameworks and transportation network patterns in different cities and countries, field observations (questionnaires), semi-structured interviews, and note-taking. The statistical population of the research was 389 people, including 202 men and 187 women. The results indicate that men travel more frequently for work, entertainment and physical training than women. On the contrary, women make more shopping trips than men. With increasing age, older people choose walking as the main mode of travel, and fewer people choose bicycles or cars for travel. Also, factors such as access to public transportation (0.266), transportation demand management (0.195), bicycle and pedestrian conditions (0.123) have the greatest impact on the movement pattern of citizens.

The rapid development of urbanization followed by the expansion of the industry and the supply of automobiles has caused uneven urban growth, air pollution, high volume of traffic and accidents, and increased travel time, and the lack of use of appropriate transportation methods has led to the aggravation of these factors. The purpose of this article is to develop transportation-oriented development scenarios in the city of Birjand. The current research is based on the exploratory-applied research method and to achieve the future of Birjand city by using Scenario Wizard software, by forming a 64x 64matrix of mutual effects, a total of 4strong scenarios, 77believable scenarios and 487scenarios Poorly obtained. The results of the research show that there are 3 scenarios with a very high probability of occurrence in the conditions facing the future of transportation in Birjand city. In the first scenario, there are favorable conditions based on the allocation of funds and credits, management of travel demand, low emission of pollutants, compliance with environmental standards, low impact, international sanctions, a coherent and purposeful vision in the body of urban management and the development and acceptance of new technologies. Transportation-oriented development in Birjand city is the most favorable scenario.

Today, the most important issue facing Iranian cities can be extensive changes in agricultural land use in urban peripheral spaces. Effects of changes in agricultural land use are included the prevalence of unproductive capitalism and land speculation around cities, particularly in the provincial centers.In Iranian cities, two growth scenarios can be observed: A scenario of slow horizontal growth or organic growth that is in the Pahlavi era and especially before the land reforms of the 1940s The main features of this time are the domination of the physical development and intrusion of the population to the city. Another scenario is the rapid horizontal or non-organic growth that is almost 30 years old. This scenario has caused cities to face a number of problems including the destruction of agricultural lands -gardens or farm. The rapid growth of urbanization in Birjand and consequently its physical development has affected the villages of its immediate area.The present study, after examining the changes in rural land use according to the superior plans and using satellite images in three time periods from 2005 to 2020, tries to answer the following questions:How is the trend of land use changes in the peripheral villages of Birjand?to what extent does land use development in the studied villages fit in with the standard land use indicators?  

The present research is a descriptive - analytic study. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluating land use developments in peripheral rural areas of Birjand. Data collection were done an evidence-based survey, using documents and reviewing the literature review to formulate theoretical foundations and collect research indicators. First, we used various scientific sources including books, articles, scientific reports and related documents as well as classification techniques, resource evaluation, note-taking and summarizing. In the field study, multi-time remote sensing images and GIS, direct observation and interview methods were used. ArcGIS, Excel and Envi model were used to analyze the data. In this study, this model was designed with the aim of predicting the development trend and land use changes in the year 1399 (2020) horizons. Satellite images of 2004, 2009, 2014, 2020 were used to predict and detect changes.  

In general, regarding the development of residential lands, Amirabad village with 35.14% growth has had the most change in the last 15 years. Consequently, the demographic changes of this village will be more than other villages in the study area. The most changes in agricultural lands has taken place in the villages of Amirabad and Dastgerd by 9%. However, in the village of Amirabad we see a decrease and in the village of Dastgerd we see an increase in agricultural lands. Also, in the villages of Amirabad, Hajiabad and Cheknd, non-irrigated lands have decreased and only in Dastgerd village, there is a 4% growth of non-irrigated lands. After determining the land use changes, their quality status is necessary to evaluate.Three indicators of dependence, compatibility and desirability of qualitative evaluation were utilized. They indicated a relatively appropriate and moderate situation among land uses and a similar situation in all 4 studied villages

Land use changes were evident in the studied period; nevertheless, it was more noticeable in two villages of Amirabad and Dastgerd. The quality of changes in the studied villages is different based on the three indicators of dependence, compatibility and desirability. The dependence indicator is the highest in in Amirabad village with an average of 3.36. the compatibility of land use changes in Hajiabad village was the highest with a score of 30.3. The desirability indicator in Chekand village is the highest with a score of 3.45.

The urban regeneration approach provides an integrated strategy of the decision-making process that is inclusive, competitive, and environmentally-socially sustainable. In the meantime; People's participation in the decision-making process of urban activities has been one of the key elements of a democratic and popular government, and increasing the social participation of people in urban affairs and programs can play a valuable role in creating the necessary balance, coordination and equilibrium between different sections of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigate the role of social participation in the regeneration of inefficient texture in Birjand and according to the goals it pursues in the field of applied research and in terms of nature and method of descriptiveanalytical based on statistical analysis methods. The method of data and information collection in this research is field and library methods. Therefore, in the analysis of the obtained data, first using the Smirnov-Kolmogorov test, the variables were normal or abnormal and the obtained data were tested that all of which had significant levels above 0.05, which indicates the normality of the data. To analyze each of the hypotheses, Pearson correlation test, one-sample t-test, univariate linear regression and VIKOR model were used to inefficient textures rating in terms of social participation in urban regeneration. The statistical population of the present study includes residents of six inefficient texture in one region of Birjand city with a sample size of 371. The results showed that the level of social participation of residents of Birjand inefficient textures in urban regeneration projects is low and insufficient and the most effective factor in increasing public participation in regeneration projects these textures is a transparency and trust component. There is also a direct relationship between social participation of residents of inefficient textures of Birjand with type of gender, marital status, and education, age, type of job, type of ownership, residence history, economic status and social status. Leveling of inefficient textures in terms of social participation in urban regeneration with VIKOR model showed that Javadiyeh and Kargaran neighborhoods are in optimal condition and Chahar Drakht and 17 Shahrivar neighborhoods are in semi-optimal condition and Tehdeh and Musa Ibn Jafar neighborhoods are in non optimal condition.

Affected by the processes of globalization and competitiveness, and with the evolution of urban development theories, new frameworks and approaches have been created in urban planning. With the emergence of urban branding, a new form of urban development plans is being created with a top-down approach and based on the qualitative components of urban development. Hence, the present paper elucidates the theoretical framework of urban development components effective in the urban branding programs, with a mixed research method, and creates the structural equation model of the research with an exploratory research project. For this purpose, 10 criteria, 28 subcriteria, and 69 metrics were subjected to evaluation and information collection. The studied area was the city of Birjand in Iran. The statistical population of the study in the interviews section, which included 19 urban experts and managers, was chosen using purposeful sampling and the snowball technique. On the other hand, using simple random sampling, 383 citizens, 381 tourists, and 30 people of the authorities and investors were surveyed in the quantitative section. Furthermore, the findings of the interviews revealed that the efforts towards attracting the mental and executive participation of the residents of old textures, empowering the residents, managing the presence of Afghan immigrants, and, at the same time, exploiting cultural and historical capacities evolved could help with the realization of an urban brand. The modeling result also showed in the urban development plans of Birjand, by influencing intermediate variables the components of revitalization, personalization, and economic feasibility have the greatest positive effects on the realization of urban branding and According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between mental image and environmental quality (0.68).

The aim of this study is spatial-spatial analysis of social participation in the reconstruction of dysfunctional tissues of Birjand city using decision models. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and research method. Method of data collection and information in this study; It is a field and a library. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, one-sample t-test and VIKOR model were used to level dysfunctional tissues. The statistical population of the study includes residents of six dysfunctional tissues in region one of Birjand with a sample size of 381 people. The results showed that the level of social participation of these contexts in urban regeneration projects is low and insufficient and the most effective factor in increasing people's participation in these contexts; It is a component of transparency and confidence building. Leveling of dysfunctional tissues in terms of social participation in urban regeneration with VIKOR model showed that Javadiyeh and Kargaran neighborhoods with Q values ​​of 0 and 0.21, respectively, in the first and second ranks (optimal status) and neighborhoods Chahar Drakht and 17 Shahrivar with Q at the rate of 0.442 and 0.584 in the third and fourth ranks (semi-optimal condition) and the neighborhood of Tehdeh with the value of Q at the rate of 0.722 in the fifth rank and the neighborhood of Musa Ibn Jafar with Q to Value 1 and weakness in the indicators of spatial belonging, transparency and trust building, social cohesion, willingness to

Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to illuminate the effect of city-development plans, as the most fundamental city-shaping instrument, on the realization of a city brand based on the citizens’ perceptions and mental preferences. Then, it develops a structural equation model after recognizing the effective components through employing an exploratory research design. For this reason, 5 criteria, 8 sub-criteria, and 14 indices were investigated, and their relevant data were collected. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 383 citizens were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. The research model indicated that urban development plans had the highest positive effects on the vitality and migration regarding urban branding plans. According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between migration and vitality (0.87), marketing, and vitality (0.849), and the lowest relationship was associated with the mutual effect between marketing and environmental equity (0.633). Moreover, the findings of the interviews revealed that the efforts towards improving the improper, dispersed, and, sometimes, city-reality incongruent media images, attracting the mental and executive participation of the residents of old textures, empowering the residents, managing the presence of Afghan immigrants, and, at the same time, exploiting city multiculturalism evolved due to their attendance could help with the realization of a city brand

Tourism literature is devoid of a concept by the name of the Smart Tourism Organization (STO). Given the lack of research into this concept, some questions arise around it. For instance, given the advances in tourism in the new millennium, what has changed in the structure of tourism service organizations? Considering the competitive nature of the tourism industry and the technologies advancement, can the traditional structure of tourism organizations satisfy tourists, managers, stakeholders, and employees? The present study was conducted with a comprehensive approach to organizations in the postmodern era (Hatch, 2018) and seeks a new type of organization for the subject of STO. This new type of organization recognizes the different dimensions of intelligence in the external environment of organizations and seeks to train them. The primary purpose of this study is to select the dimensions of intelligence in tourism organizations and the effect of these dimensions on the development of a smart tourism organization according to the situation of this industry. The Delphi method of the panel of experts was used to reach a consensus about the dimensions of smart tourism organization and to design the questionnaire. Fist, the literature on the subject was fully reviewed. The variables related to the topic were then extracted, and the Delphi method was used to confirm these variables and their relevant questions. A total of 24 management faculty members (Ph.D.) and senior tourism officers were selected as members of the Delphi panel. Twelve people with specialist organizations and 12 people with tourism expertise were also selected for the panel. After four Delphi rounds, the consensus was reached on the questionnaire and its variables. In the next stage, the questionnaire validity and reliability were measured, and their data are presented in the quantitative analysis section. The research population consisted of all the experts working at tourism organizations in South Khorasan Province, including Iran, tourism agencies, hotels, and experts of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism in this province. The census method was used to determine the statistical sample of the research. The questionnaires were distributed among 37 tourism organizations and 356 experts (See Table 1). In the last step, for the quantitative analysis of the data, Smart PLS and SPSS software were used.
  According to tables R2 values of 0.536 are substantial for the proposed model. Tanenhaus et al. (2004) suggest the Goodness of Fit (GoF) test for a PLS path model validation globally and specifically (Henseler and Sarstedt, 2013:569). The GoF is defined as follows:R2: 0.536 To determine the quality of the GoF of the overall PLS-SEM model, Witzels et al. (2009) suggest the following criteria: GoF small (0.10), GoF medium (0.25), and GoF large (0.36). Accordingly, the GoF of the model is confirmed with a value of 0.616. The model is confirmed and the hypotheses are tested in Table 6. The present study is thus the first step in expanding the field of smart tourism organization in tourism literature that has contributed to the design of a model and presented dimensions that can be further developed and transformed in the future by other researchers. STO can be considered an introduction to a new form of tourism business. This study is the first attempt at developing STO and identifying the diverse dimensions of this concept. The findings may help tourism organization managers and other researchers better identify and develop intelligence in tourism organizations and research, especially given the limited works of research dedicated to tourism organization and management.

‘Smart city’ is an important topic in urban studies. Because of the important role of urban transport, managers and planners have paid special attention to the monitoring of public policies as well as efficient management and urban planning in this regard. In this study, smart  transportation is evaluated through the indecis of scrolling, the perceptions and opinions of experts and citizens about urban transport, the objective indicators derived from secondary data, and occasionally both indicators. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method, and the data are collected through questionnaires given to professionals and citizens in the examined area. The data are gathered from 383 citizens and 40 specialists in proportion to the population in each of the studied localities. The data are analyzed by the Arc Gis and Spss21 software programs, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi squares, and t-tests. The results of the study show that traffic management and satisfaction of citizens are related significantly. Also, objective indicators (e.g. income, monthly expenses, and means of transportation) and satisfaction of the citizens have a significant relationship. The traffic management center is considered as the center of operational services. Therefore, it is essential for this center to set and achieve objectives that lead to an appropriate level of satisfaction among the citizens.

Tourism is considered as one of the important economic sources, and an effective factor in cultural, social and economic development. With direct and indirect employment and consequently, monetization for tourism destinations, tourism plays an important role in the economy of these regions; to achieve this income, it necessiates to attract the tourists. And in order to benefit from the tourism, tourism destinations priority shall be identifie, otherwise, the absence of clear-spotted priorities, will cause vague in investigation, and capital's dissipation. Prioritizing the power of of tourism attractions, with the end of optimized management of short-time capitals, and shortening the ROI time, and increasing the investment efficiency, also the lack of similar studies in this subject, has necessiated this research study. The aim of this study was to determine the importance and priority of tourist attractions in Birjand. This study is applied in purpose, enjoying a descriptive-analytical-survey research method. Data were gathered using documentary and library resources and questionnaires, field visits, also interviews with experts and tourists from 12 Birjand tourism sites. Sample size was 205 tourists, calculated using Cochran formula with error of 0.075%. In this study, we used fuzzy multi-criteria hierarchical analysis, and gray analysis, to prioritize sample locations. According to the results of the fuzzy hierarchical analysis process, access indicators weighting 0.2987, and visual value weighting 0.1726, had the most importance in the leveling og tourism sites. Based on the final results based on Gray analysis, Akbariyeh Garden were at the toplevel, while Birjand castle, and Amir Shah dam having placed at the next level. Therefore, these places had more potential and ability for investigating in tourism promotion. The combination of fuzzy Model and Gray Analysis, have been the innovation factor of this research.

The experience of countries with centralized governments shows that this kind of government will bring a lot of problems for the city and citizens. Fixing such problems is possible by public monitoring (accountability), collaborative action and improving the efficiency of urban functions. Good governance of the city is raised as a new approach to urban decision-making system and running the city affairs. In fact, it’s a process created based on mutual interaction among formal organizations and institutions of city management of the city on one hand, and non-government organizations and civil society associations, on the other hand. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to assess the status of city good governance indices and to indicate the facilitating role of citizens in achieving this lofty goal. The research method is analytical–descriptive and the data are collected by fieldwork method using questionnaire. To achieve the goal, 385 questionnaires were filled out by residents and 32 questionnaires were filled out by municipal experts and the city council members. The results showed that the best condition among indices of good governance was attributed to the indices of contribution and adaptive orientation, respectively, and the worst condition went to the index of equity. The results of SWOT analysis shows that among the four states of aggressive, conservative, competitive and defensive, the good governance status of Birjnd City is defensive.

Daily neighborhood markets are one of the most important service centers in the city. So، attainders to this point، in daily neighborhood market should locate suitability، is necessary to decrease demand of inter towns travels. The goal of this research is located in daily neighborhood markets in Birjand، to improve travel demand and suitable distribution of daily markets and success to a sustainable city. Method of this research is descriptive–analytic. At the first stage، we turned to recoiling and examination of effective factors on location then by using ArcGIS software and Analytic Hierarchy processes (AHP) and after collecting data، preparing informational layer، classification and evaluating of layers، goring measure and covering informational layer، we turned to prior Birjand lands for making daily neighborhood markets، information of this paper made available by field observation detailed planning study and 1:50000 detailed and existing map of birjand. Finally، lands of this city divided to 5 groups، including: very suitable، suitable، average، unsuitable، very un suitable. After agreement of this map with real earth islands without and green space that are more than 2000 m are in very suitable، suitable group for making daily neighborhood markets. That results are shown (produce) on a map. By regarding to final map we observed that among 4 daily neighborhood markets in Birjand، 2 markets are in average، un suitable areas and 2 markets are in very suitable، suitable areas.

Identifying, ranking index and location of services standards are very important in Urban planning and Urban design. This subject is actually more appropriate for managers and officials in selected urban centers which will help them create better places. The purpose of this article is location of medical- health centers in Birjand city by using the multi-parameter decision making process (ANP). Research method is descriptive-analytic, using geographical information system (GIS),and network analysis process (ANP). The Prioritization criteria and positioning based on the two analysis of processes abovementioned, were used from Matlab software, Expert Choice and ARC GIS. After the preparation of the required layers, re-classification and weighting of different layers and analysis process were determined. So that, the suggested locations for Medical- health centers in prospective planning were determined and the four key points were founded regarding the criteria used. These places were derived from a weighted combination of nine criteria and places of a higher value in each layer, to be allocated the layer of suitable places, very good place, an area of 6,304,759 square meters, respectively.