جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ویروس کرونا » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Globalization and entering the age of information and communication have caused geographic spaces to be mixed and the spatial links to be expanded to a significant extent. This increase has boosted significantly the communication functions of borders. However, with the spread of the corona virus, extensive changes were made, the links between geographical spaces were transformed, and the communication function of borders was greatly affected. Accordingly, in the current research, which was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, an attempt was made to see what effects the spread of the corona virus had on the communication function of borders in Southwest Asia. The results showed that the spread of the corona virus has had a wide impact on the acquired functions of borders in such a way that it has greatly affected the communication function of borders in Southwest Asia and reduced the links between spaces to a great extent that in some cases it has been replaced by a barrier function. On the other hand, the nation-building, legitimizing and even economic functions of borders have been highlighted after the spread of the Covid-19. Although the virus disease was controlled and subsided to some extent, it seems that human societies will face many such diseases and problems in the future, which is necessary to pay attention to its impact. The results of this study can provide the basis for countries’ preparation and reduce the insecurities and challenges caused by such problems to a significant extent.

In the prevalence of coronavirus, there is no significant difference between rural-urban population and rural and urban settlements. However, as a crisis, the coronavirus has a negative impact on the rural economy or can be an important driver for innovation in new jobs in rural areas. Today, the coronavirus outbreak has become a major global crisis, affecting many countries, including Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic and social consequences of coronavirus in rural areas of central Ardabil, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population is 32 villages in rural areas of central Ardabil with a population of 8038. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula of 384 people, which was distributed according to the number of heads of households in each village. To study the subject, two indicators in the form of 30 indicators based on the studies of other researchers were used. The validity of the questionnaire was reviewed and confirmed by a panel of experts in this field. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were distributed in the same area and its reliability coefficient in the social variable was 0.826, in the economic variable was 0.852 and the total reliability of the questionnaire was 0.839. The results showed that the maximum reduction of unnecessary social interactions in rural areas is the main condition for controlling the prevalence of corona. In addition, the spread of the virus has had a negative effect on savings, business closures, labor cuts, declining household incomes, and insufficient government lending in the area of the corona outbreak. 

Infectious diseases have always existed in human history, but over time, new infectious diseases have emerged that are progressing rapidly. In developing countries, infectious diseases have led to many deaths and problems. Most people affected by these diseases live in rural areas with very few resources and limited services; These people are at high risk of these diseases due to the economic and social context of their place of residence and living conditions. One of the emerging infectious diseases in the last two years is Covid 19 disease. The prevalence of coronavirus did not distinguish between "poor and rich" and "rural-urban", while rural areas before the outbreak of Covid 19 were at the forefront of positive examples of community support, neighbors and friends; The virus can represent the creative response of the community in business and adaptation to the crisis in rural areas and an important driving force for innovation in rural jobs. Because the behavior of "counteracting and preventing corona" occurs in space and the rural environment is affected and received; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the economic and social consequences of coronavirus in rural communities in the central part of Ardabil city.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of the study is 32 villages in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 8038 people. The sample size was estimated to be 366 people based on Cochran's formula. The method of data collection to answer research questions was library and questionnaire. The instrument used in the survey method was a questionnaire that in order to measure the research variables, the required indicators based on the studies of other researchers were used in combination so that the corona outcome variable of 30 indicators in the form of two economic and social indicators has been used. 

In this study, a one-sample t-test was used to examine the villagers' views on the consequences of coronavirus. In this test, according to the findings, the average economic and social indices were 2.87 and 2.80, respectively. The significance level of both indicators is less than the test error level of 5%, also the average of these indicators is less than the desired three limits. Therefore, it can be said that both indicators are not in the desired level for the villagers and this issue shows the economic and social effects of coronavirus in their lives. Findings obtained from multivariate regression coefficient to investigate the share of one or more independent variables in the dependent variable showed that the level of significance of the test with a confidence level of 0.95 of economic and social index with beta coefficients of 0.793 and 0.614, respectively. Has an effect on the dependent variable. And with 0.690 and 0.582 of the total variance, respectively, explain the coronavirus outcome. Also, in order to study the consequences of coronavirus, the status of each indicator based on decision-making techniques, using Shannon entropy method, each indicator was assigned a specific weight. To the indicators of increasing savings (0.051), preventing the entry of peddlers (0.0377) and in the social index belong to the indicators of maximum reduction of unnecessary social interactions (0.049), increasing disorders and depressions (0.032), respectively. 

The results of field findings show that economic and social indicators from the perspective of villagers with averages of 2.87 and 2.80, respectively. The level of significance of both indicators is less than the level of test error of 5%, and also the average of these indicators is less than the number of the desired three limits (number three is equivalent to 60% of respondents). Therefore, it can be said that both indicators are not in the desired level for the villagers and this issue shows the adverse effects of economic and social indicators of Corona virus on their lives. Also, the results of the study in the study of social indicators showed that the community affected by coronavirus has relative knowledge and awareness in this regard and in rural society the most important condition for controlling the prevalence of coronavirus is to reduce maximum unnecessary social interactions. Organizing for relatives and acquaintances not to travel to the village during the summer holidays is one of the important issues that are associated with it, and as a result, the social and personal relations of the rural community are affected by the corona virus epidemic. One of the most important economic consequences of coronavirus in the studied rural community is the role of encouraging households to decide to save a lot, close businesses, reduce labor force and reduce household income and insufficient government loans to prevent coronavirus.

With the tremendous advances in health in recent decades, it was unimaginable that in the 21st century, the size and spread of the coronavirus could cause such a crisis in the world's cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies adopted by the urban management of Rasht against the coronavirus. The research method of the present study is quantitative and data collection has been done through surveys and documents. By studying the theoretical concepts and reviewing the research background, eight criteria and 53 indicators were extracted, including the role of municipalities, the role of citizens, management and executive, treatment-healthcare, cleanliness - hygiene, economic, educational-cultural, transportation, and public space. Three hundred ninety-one questionnaires were distributed and completed online among residents and citizens of Rasht. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Friedman tests in SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Then the research is modeled and analyzed using Smart PLS3 software. The path coefficient leading to the hidden criterion of "cleanliness - hygiene" has a robust effect (0.949). It means that the hygiene-hygienic criterion has a strong effect on the effectiveness of urban management strategies. Economic and therapeutic-care criteria have the most substantial effect with path coefficients of 0.916 and 0.910, respectively. These three criteria and the following indicators have been determined by the citizens of Rasht as important criteria. Disinfection of crowded office and public buildings, an adaptation of shops and fruit and vegetable fields (creating spatial order, etc.), installation of places for handwashing, etc. are among the things that can be done in this period and the urban management should focus on these issues and then address the economy and people's livelihood

The corona virus epidemic in the world has disrupted many jobs and businesses and has put the livelihood of millions of people in an unstable situation. Illness and respiratory symptoms, death or loss of employment, especially for heads of households, are a threat to food security, including in rural areas that were born from the Covid-19 crisis.

In terms of purpose, the research is applied-developmental research Jirga, in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method, and documentary and field studies (semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data and information. The statistical population of the research is East Azarbaijan province (in 2015, it has a population of 1100220 people and 335878 rural households). The sample size is 48 people, business owners, villagers, district experts, university professors, etc., who were selected using the qualitative and theoretical method. Qualitative method of grounded theory was used to analyze data and information.Geographical area of researchThe geographical scope of this research is rural settlements in the nomadic areas of East Azarbaijan province.

The findings of this research showed that after conducting semi-structured interviews with the sample population and open coding these interviews led to the identification of 37 general concepts, 26 categories and 18 indicators that show the effects of the spread of the corona virus in It shows the rural communities in the nomadic areas of East Azarbaijan province.

Conclusion:

 The results showed that the spread of the corona virus in the rural areas of this province, especially in the nomadic territory, has had an impact on the livelihood capital of the villagers. Loss of permanent job, decrease in income and financial ability, decrease in motivation to create new job, food security, decrease in spatial flow of goods and products, increase in social anomaly, decrease in social trust, increase in stress and psychological pressure, transportation problems and intercity traffic and reducing social connections, reducing the flow of incoming capital, reducing the flow of people, the need to receive bank facilities, the expectation of institutional support, etc. are among them.

With the formation of the destructive corona virus, which was first identified in china wuhan city in 2019 as a pervasive crisis, all guilds stopped cities in a growth and income. Therefore, the market entity and guilds have tried to prevent and reduce the epidemic by observing sanitary protocols. In regard to the importance of the subject, this research has evaluation and ranked the level of compliance of in covid-19 disease health protocols by using twenty five indices in guild eighteen of the port city mahshar. the type of research is applied and the research method is survey-evaluation with emphasis on the questionnaire. The population has been consisted of guilds owners and sample size in accordance with the cochran formula person 159. In order to investigate the normality of the data distribution from Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and to investigate the status of the research variables, the sample variance analysis and one-way variance analysis were used. Also, the weighting of the variables were made by the shannon entropy model and the guilds ranking using the mabac model. Findings from the results of the results of one - way variance test show that there is a significant difference between different business guilds in terms of compliance with health protocols. Also, the results of the ranking of the selected components of research among the guilds show using the mabac model: canteens guild with points 0/201 first rank and guilds confectioners and gold- jewelry respectively, with the point, 0/199, 0/188 in the second and third ranks, and door and window is makers at the last level with a point 0/114.

The negative impacts of crises such as pandemics on tourism demand and tourist behavior have been studied from different dimensions. As a result of one of the most critical pandemics in recent decades and its impact on tourists and the behavior of tourists, this study examines the effects of covid-19 risk perception on behavioral intention toward “untact” tourism, based on the frameworks of the Health Belief Model and the extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Due to the Corona pandemic outbreak and Quarantine during the research data collection (June 1400), an online questionnaire was published on social networks such as Instagram and Twitter, and 831 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The model’s validity and testing of the hypotheses have been investigated by modeling structural equations. The results indicate that the cognitive perception of Covid-19 risk positively affects attitudes and subjective norms. Also, the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of tourists positively influence behavioral intention. However, the findings of this study do not support the effect of perceived risk on perceived behavioral contro

Rural economy is considered as an economic foundation due to providing food security and essential goods for a country. Therefore, any threat to this type of economy can have many negative consequences on other dimensions of economy. The spread of the Corona Virus has had various effects on the world economy, especially on the rural economy. This research tries to study and analyze the economic effects of the Corona Virus outbreak on the village of Upper Eshkevar. The present research is applied in terms of its goal and is descriptive-analytic in terms of method. The nature of data is quantitative and qualitative and the method of data collection is based on library and field findings. Data analysis is based on future study techniques including interaction analysis. The research findings show that, four main factors including unsustainable employment, unsustainable income, increasing rural poverty and decreasing in investment are in association with COVID-19 effects. Based on t-test and Pearson, it can be said that the economic effects of Corona Virus have averaged 4.44, which shows a significant difference (p> 0.05). It can be said that Corona Virus has had significant effects on the economy of Eshkor Alia village.

One of the most recent crises facing the international community, including Iran, is the Corona virus. Due to its characteristics, this crisis is different from other crises and has affected the tourism industry much more than other crises. In this regard, the present article tries to identify and cluster the stimuli affecting the tourism competitiveness of Iran for the Corona period using the method of structural analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and behavior of the host community towards the presence of tourists during the outbreak of Covid-19 in the tourist destination. Integrated threat theory was used to shape the theoretical framework. Qualitative research method was statistical population, residents and judgmental sampling method and the number of statistical samples based on theoretical saturation was 21. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis and open and centralized coding. Findings of the study presented new dimensions of host-tourist interaction in the Corona period based on the integration of theories of social exchange and integrated threat. The present article concludes that although the attitude of most people towards the presence of tourists in this period has been negative, but it can be accepted by emphasizing the dependence of livelihood and economy on tourism and conditional reception of tourists and at the same time the health of the people in the country given priority.

Corona virus is one of the most contagious and infectious diseases of the 21st century, which has spread worldwide since late 2019 in the form of Wuhan pneumonia.The aim of the present study was to model the spatial and temporal dispersion of the corona using the weighted spatial regression model and compare it with the least squares model during the period from March 24, 2020 to late October 2020 using three corona indices including (patients, deceased and Improved) for Qom and Mazandaran provinces. The results showed that the rate of patients for Qom province during the period showed 44.025 percent. While the death toll reached 4.34 percent, which is more scattered in the northwestern and southern parts of Qom cities, but the rate of improvements for this province showed 61.7 percent, which is mostly the spatial distribution of this improvement. Findings can be seen in the central parts of the province. However, the results obtained from the spatial and temporal distribution of corona for Mazandaran province in the present study were different according to the mentioned models, so that the number of patients for this province during the mentioned period The number reached 35.57 percent, but the death toll showed 2.61 percent, most of which were spatially located in the northwestern and southern parts, including (Ramsar, Tonekabon, Kelardasht, Chalous, Noor and Amol). Mazandaran province is the ruler. While the amount of improvements in Mazandaran province using the least squares during the period from March 24, 2017 to late October 2016, is mostly seen in the central parts and small parts of the southern parts of the province.

In recent months, the world community has faced a major crisis called the Corona virus epidemic, which has negatively affected all economic and social systems, including ecotourism. However, the coronavirus epidemic has provided lessons for the future of ecotourism that, given these experiences, can be a step towards the development of ecotourism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the mental patterns of experts in the face of post-corona ecotourism using Q methodology. The statistical population of the present study includes the center of trade unions of tourist guides throughout the country. The discourse space of this research includes credible internal and external dissertations and articles that an unstructured Q sample has been used to avoid bias in the research. 60 members of the community were selected as tourism and ecotourism experts to create an unstructured Q sample. Cronbach's alpha test, KMO index and Bartlett test were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research method. In identifying the mental patterns of experts, heuristic factor analysis and correlation matrix were used and the principal components method was used for the final extraction of factors. Finally, eight factors with a total explained variance of 71.899% were identified.

The spread of the corona virus is one of the most important challenges in the world today, and the epidemic of this virus has affected all sections of society, including universities. As with any challenge, the coronavirus epidemic has posed many threats and opportunities for universities and the academic community. This crisis has led the scientific community to gain valuable experience in electeronic learning and be ready to enter a new era of teaching in new ways, including learning in three-dimensional spaces. Culture and art are also linked to education, and this can be the beginning of a move towards global integration in the education process. In recent months, many conferences have also been held virtually, which have been widely welcomed. Global policies have also taken measures to increase the budget for applied sciences so that, the National Science Foundation's budget is shifting from $ 8 billion a year to $ 40 billion. On the other hand, the Covid-19 epidemic has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields and it has changed the direction of world-wide research towards the basic sciences and finding solutions to treat this virus. This will pose a budget problem for some other research areas. Many universities around the world have also faced a number of problems due to the cyberspace approach, including declining enrollment of international students and lack of funding, and this has threatened the lives of some universities. Now, more than eight months after the onset of the coronavirus epidemic, universities around the world have made valuable arrangements to maintain and enhance their educational goals and to adapt more and more to this global crisis. Given the above, in this article we look at these valuable approaches globally. It is hoped that by taking advantage of scientific participation and transferring useful experiences at the global level, we can turn this threat into an opportunity to improve and enhance the level of science and awareness in the country.