جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گردشگری خلاق » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Empowering the villagers in the field of rural tourism can bring about a successful transition to rural development as a strategic choice. The aim of this study was to explain the effects of empowerment of rural households on creative tourism in Shahrood. The statistical population of the study is 373 rural households that the questionnaire as a research tool was provided to the statistical population by sampling. The Cronbach's alpha value for creative tourism indicators is 0.80 and for empowerment indicators is 0.75. SPSS software version 24 and LISREL 8.8 were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, the components of creative tourism and empowerment of rural households with an average of 3.093 and 2.77, respectively, have been evaluated at the desired level and below the desired level, and the relations between the components of empowerment and creative tourism have been evaluated. Ali fitted with favorable indices (RMSEA = 0.079). According to the research findings, the promotion of education and awareness components, skills and development of human resources, finance and investment, competence and individual independence, and institutionalism and organization are effective in the development of creative tourism indicators.

In the era of globalization, the concept of creative tourism has become a planned innovation in attracting a variety of cultures and emphasizing historical heritage, posing a challenge for countries. Undoubtedly, ancient sites are a rich source of heritage and an ideal place for implementing creative tourism. The innovative prospect of this issue in the intangible heritage corridor is due to the continued existence of tangible works, including material and cultural heritage. To this end, the present research focuses on identifying the generative sites of this type of tourism in the World Heritage site of Tabriz Historic Bazaar. The research method is a mixed quantitative-qualitative and exploratory approach, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in library studies, historical documents, field observations, and in-depth interviews with 30 experts, specialists, and professors. The results indicate the effectiveness of both mental and tangible perceptions. Therefore, pairwise comparisons were made using the Expert Choice 2000 software, and the degree of inconsistency was measured, which was accepted due to being less than 0.1. Then, each subset was integrated into ArcGIS 10.8 software using Spatial Analyst functions, and weighted layers were introduced as completely suitable, suitable, unsuitable, and completely unsuitable in four criteria. The results indicate that completely unsuitable spaces, despite their rich material and cultural heritage, are being neglected as attractive places for tourists. Therefore, in terms of creating the potential for creative tourism, interventions are needed considering the cultural characteristics of the society.

The origins of literature and the development of the scientific and operational themes of creative tourism are more debatable than the economic aspect, which finds its functional impulses in the hearts of designers and commentators of developed nations. From this transition, creative tourism is mentioned as the key highway of the future world in environmental exploitation and future territorial and local research. Because tourism, with the objective combination of the concept of dialogue of civilizations, will be the basis of peace, development and prosperity of human civilization. The present article has studied this important issue in the future of our country's economy and with the influence of global studies and also the impact of the low role of creative tourism studies in the land economy, has studied this important issue in Isfahan province.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This research, which is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose of development-applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature, uses the method of collecting libraries and surveying relevant organizations to evaluate the spatial distribution of operators. Creative tourism (creative environment, creative process, industries and creative product and creative class).

Findings of this study from 27 components (natural heritage, medicinal and natural plants, historical and cultural heritage, traditional cultural effects, tourism facilities, tourism service-welfare activities, process, performing and visual arts , Audio-visual industries, games and entertainment, handicrafts, food, fashion and clothing, jewelry, books, publishing, creative services, engineers, music artists, fashion and clothing, cinema, theater, literature, handicrafts, Visual Arts, Elite Group, Human Investment, Tourism Employees) in these four areas, which have been achieved by using the CRITIC method, as well as the EDAS technique and, of course, using ArcGIS software. However, they show that based on the indicators, the studied cities are facing a relatively unfavorable and completely unfavorable situation.

The objective findings of this research in combination with theoretical foundations and studies show that there are problems of planning, structure and fundamental studies on the body of tourism that require extensive importance and attention to this area.

This study aims to identify and prioritize creative tourism attractions in nomadic life from a host-guest perspective. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population includes tour guides and nomadic tourism activists. The study data was collected based on the decision matrix pattern, which includes options and indicators, based on the subjective judgments of a 15-person sample of the statistical population selected by the snowball method. The data obtained from the combination of the opinions of the sample members were analyzed using the Shannon entropy technique for evaluating the indicators and TOPSIS for prioritizing the attractions from the host and guest perspectives. The findings show that from the host's perspective, the demand indicators, Attracting tourists, contribution to the local economy, diversity, and tourist participation impact the ranking of tourist attractions, respectively. From the guest's perspective, the indicators of influence on the tourist experience, uniqueness, connection with history and culture, diversity, and opportunity for cultural improvement are, respectively, influential in the ranking of tourist attractions. The results also indicate that from the host's perspective, handicrafts, food and cuisine, music, customs, Migration architecture, and literature are the most important creative tourism attractions in nomadic life, respectively. From the guest's perspective, handicrafts, music, food and cuisine, Migration architecture, customs, and literature are the most important creative tourism attractions in nomadic life, respectively. These results can bring the views of the supply and demand sides closer together and provide an effective basis for formulating creative tourism development strategies in nomadic.

Intense competition between cities as tourist destinations has made it necessary for cities to find solutions to differentiate themselves from other cities and destinations. Therefore, creativity is a necessary element in the social, economic and cultural development of cities. Creativity is necessary to increase the commercial capacity of cities. Tourism takes different forms over time, according to people and cultures, and it needs to be organized in line with new ideas in the near future. Creative tourism is the last part of tourism development. It is possible to develop creative tourism in Iran, especially in big cities like Tabriz, due to such issues as having historical, cultural, artistic, natural and religious attractions. Statistics show that the amount of international tourist arrivals and the quality of Iran's tourism industry and, accordingly, the city of Tabriz are not proportional to its tourist attractions; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to tourism as one of the main policies of the urban development of Tabriz. Applying creative tourism dimensions in all urban areas can be a very good lever to improve the urban competitiveness of this city in regional, national and even global dimensions. The main goal of this study was to study, accurately recognize and scientifically examine the components and indicators of creative tourism according to the conditions of Tabriz city and evaluate the impact of these components and indicators on the urban competitiveness of this city. The tools and methods to achieve this goal were questionnaires and interviews with specialists in Tabriz tourism. The results showed that among the 44 indicators identified using the structural analysis method, 13 indicators were selected as vital drivers, among which the social participation index with a total impact score of 1410 is the most effective index and strategic insight events with a score of 710 are the 13th vital driver.

Urban tourism has a complex interaction with the city body, which sometimes cannot be separated. This relationship is two-way and mutual, on the one hand, the city helps tourism with its capacities, services and elements, and on the other hand, tourism increases the economic, social and cultural prosperity of the city. A form of sustainable tourism is urban creativity. The formation of a creative city and creative tourism is one of the latest successful urban management practices in order to attract material and non-material capital. Based on this, the aim of this research is to identify the physical drivers effective on tourism in the creative city of Tabriz with a future research approach. The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The data collection method is library and field. Also, out of 563,660 households in Tabriz city, 400 heads of households among ten regions were randomly selected through Cochran's formula, and 15 urban experts were selected for questioning, and finally SPSS and MICMAC software were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the indicators related to the dimensions of urban infrastructure and equipment, natural and environmental, technology, building body and service-welfare, respectively, with a weighted average of 0.835, 0.794, 0.745, 0.595 and 0.492. "Had the greatest impact on the creative tourism of Tabriz city. Also, based on the path analysis model, the factors influencing the creative tourism of Tabriz city were determined directly and indirectly. And finally, all the physical factors affecting the creative tourism of Tabriz city were leveled in an exploratory way (intersectional effects).

The summary of the results of the research background shows that the development of sustainable tourism will not be possible without planning due to its importance and the potential positive and negative effects it brings. Therefore, it will be necessary to adopt fundamental policies through the process of planning and management. Therefore, urban and rural management can move towards the sustainable development of tourism with the knowledge of key drivers. The literature review of the subject in this research shows that in addition to paying attention to the sustainable development of tourism by determining the key drivers in a highly competitive world in planning and management, there will also be a need for a creative approach in order to examine the desired indicators with Determined and examined from a creative point of view. Therefore, the current research aims to identify the key factors affecting the development of creative tourism in Borujerd County by relying on the new perspective of planning and using special futures studies methods.

The current research is analytical and exploratory in nature and based on the futures studies approach and survey and field method; it is also of a mixed type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes 35 people from the trustees of organizations and experts related to the subject in Borujerd County. In the qualitative part, in order to identify the driving forces and uncertainties, observation, environmental scanning and documentary studies, group discussions and semi-structured interviews (Delphi technique) were used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Looking at the PESTEL approach, the dimensions and variables affecting the development of creative tourism, such as environmental, economic, social and cultural dimensions, etc. in this County were examined and finally, by using MICMAC software, the key drivers affecting the development of creative tourism in Borujerd County has been identified and ranked.

The findings of the research and the distribution of the variables in the distribution plane to determine the state of stability and instability of the system in the studied area indicate the instability of the system. It means that creative tourism in Borujerd County is not in a good condition. Finally, according to the ranks obtained from the direct and indirect influence of the variables, 10 key factors were selected as key indicators effective on the development of creative tourism in Borujerd County, which are: "Increasing air, rail and ground lines to the County "; "Marketing and supporting investors"; "Access to the global network"; "Improve the level of foreign languages and communication with universities and industry"; "Improving the level of knowledge of employees of tourism units"; "Attention to ethnic and cultural diversity"; "Participation of natives and attention to vulnerable groups"; "Supporting the rites and traditions of urban and rural society and holding events"; "Oriental ethics and maintaining social security" and "Employment in the tourism sector". Thus, the future scenarios of creative tourism in Borujerd County should be designed based on these factors.

Based on the results obtained, several key factors were selected as key indicators effective for the development of creative tourism in Borujerd County in the future, which ranks from one to three, respectively, including the increase of air, rail and ground lines to the city, marketing and support for investors and Access to the global network. Also, based on the findings of the research, the final drivers affecting creative tourism in Borujerd County include "social-cultural factors with four drivers", "economic factors with two drivers", "educational factors with two drivers" and "infrastructural and physical factors with one driver " respectively. One of the most important results of this research is the state of distribution and dispersion of the variables affecting creative tourism in Borujerd County, which indicates the instability of the system in the study area, which shows the need to pay attention to any planning considering the uncertainties of the future and with Taking advantage of knowledge will be foresight.

In the literature and planning of tourism studies and tourism development, creativity and innovation are undoubtedly considered essential factors for development. Isfahan province, as one of the country's tourism hubs and the 7.8% share of this province in the development of digital technology, can play a significant role in development. According to the mentioned introduction, the rural areas of Isfahan province, which have the capacity and capability of tourism, have not used this opportunity as they should, and the residents of these areas have faced many problems, information and communication technologies as an effective component in to introduce, identify, expand and develop tourism in these areas, it can be fruitful. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the following question: What are the effects of information and communication technology on the creation of creative tourism infrastructures in the studied area?

The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and causal research in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the research consisted of 3808 heads of households in 19 villages selected for tourism in Isfahan province. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, and based on this, the sample size was estimated to be 349 households, which were selected by systematic random method from the rural community. Cronbach's alpha method was used in SPSS 22 to comply with the working principles and technique and to measure the reliability in compiling and setting up the questionnaire. The results indicate that the questionnaire has high reliability so the total reliability of the questionnaire is equal to 0.855. Also, while ensuring the normality of the data distribution, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to measure the data collected from the T-Tech test, and the structural equation model (Smart PLS) was used.

The results of the Pearson correlation test (assuring the normal distribution of the data) show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the dimensions of information and communication technology with the formation of creative tourism infrastructure at a significance level of less than 0.01, so with the increase in the use of information and communication and its dimensions, creative tourism infrastructure has also improved.  To investigate the impact of information and communication technology on creative tourism infrastructure, using the variance-based structural equation modeling approach, the independent and dependent variables of the research were entered into the structural equation model as latent variables and in the form of first-order factor models. All the indicators of the current research have a factor load of more than 0.4 and have high reliability and validity for measuring variables, and there is an acceptable correlation between the indicators. The relationship between indicators is significant and direct; According to the standard coefficients, 27.2% of the changes in the creative tourism infrastructure level are directly predicted by the creative process index. In general, according to the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative tourism infrastructure (0.967), it was found that the influence of rural information-communication technology on creative tourism infrastructure is strong.

Creative rural tourism can add new parts to the economic, social, cultural, and management dimensions of the village and create new opportunities for the development of the village on a national and transnational scale. In general, according to the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative tourism infrastructure (0.967), it was determined that the influence of rural information-communication technology (ICT) on creative tourism infrastructure is strong; And 99.7 percent of creative tourism infrastructure changes in the studied area are predicted by the use of rural information-communication technology. The value obtained for the GOF index (0.887), also confirms the very appropriate fit of the structural model of the research.

Creative Tourism is one of the issues that the authorities and urban planners have always considered; because in the case of growth and development of tourism in a city, the economy of the city is thriving and improves the quality of life of the inhabitants.

the purpose of this study is to determine the key factors affecting the development of creative tourism of izeh city with future research approach.

The present study is an applied research in terms of nature based on the new methods of future research, analytical and exploratory, which has been done by combining qualitative and quantitative models. the collection method in this research is documentation and library. the qualitative data of the questionnaire is open and through interviews, and the quantitative data and data, the questionnaire has been developed and through the questionnaires, delphi method was used. the research population consisted of 60 exper. finally, the mic mac was used to analyze the variables.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is Izeh city.

based on the finding, among the 45 variables studied, tourism training programs, urban attractive spaces, quality of life and the tourism information bank have been used in the area of effective factors and variables that were identified in the dichotomous spectrum have also the ability to become effective variables. Finally, based on the effects of variables, direct and indirect relationships of variables in 5 very weak, weak, moderate, moderately strong and very strong effects were classified.

The results of influencing factors indicate that physical – environmental, socio - cultural , economic and institutional factors have the most important effect on the creative tourism of izeh city.

This research has been done with practical purpose and descriptive-analytical survey method. Research data were collected by field method through questionnaire and also by archival method by referring to related documents, books and articles.The statistical population of the study includes tourists who have traveled to the target villages of tourism and nomadic areas with creative tourism potential in Arasbaran region during the summer of 1398 and 1399. To determine the sample size, Cochran's sampling formula for indeterminate communities was used.According to the obtained values, the appropriate sample size for conducting research is 384 tourists. Content validity was used to assess validity. By measuring the reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.987, its reliability was confirmed at a high level. To measure quantitative and qualitative variables, three methods have been used: 1. Friedman test has been used to compare the means of the statistical population related to creative tourism with SPSS software. 2. For multivariate analysis of creative tourists' sense of pleasure, statistical techniques of factor analysis by using Amos Graphic 22 software have been used to determine the structural relationships between variables in the conceptual model. 3. To analyze the data related to the factors affecting the future behavior of rural and nomadic tourists, the method of minimum squares with the help of PLS software version 3 and ArcGIS software has been used to prepare the map.The results of the present study show that among the dimensions of creative rural tourism, the interaction with an average rank of 3.70 has the greatest impact on creative rural tourism. In addition, the physical and environmental dimension of pleasure with a coefficient of 1.01 has the highest coefficient among the dimensions of pleasure. The effect of factors affecting the future behavior of tourists has shown a significant relationship between research variables

Patterns are simulations of reality, comparisons that make it easier to see the intricacies of the real world. Each explanatory paradigm looks at human life in different ways, and each of these paradigms offers specific hypotheses about the nature of the phenomenon's reality. Creative tourism can also be mentioned as a tool to revive urban tourism. Because cities are considered as cultural systems that are formed by human and natural heritage. The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of creative tourism in Isfahan. The prevailing approach is based on the applied goal and based on the profound nature, based on the questionnaire and the futures research approach. In order to model, first all the factors involved in the future of creative tourism in Isfahan have been prepared by studying and reviewing the research background and then by interviewing and reviewing documents and Delphi questionnaires. Snowball sampling method and 35 questionnaires were distributed among tourism elites and university professors as the statistical population of the study. Based on this, first indicators and 52 variables in 6 areas of political, social, economic, technological, environmental and physical have been identified. Then, for data processing, structural interaction analysis by Mikomak software has been used. The key factors for drawing a creative tourism model were identified and ranked, and based on this, an attempt was made to draw a suitable model for the realization of creative tourism in Isfahan.

Creative tourism, a form of cultural tourism, has the potential to foster economic, social, and cultural development in tourist destinations. The objective of this research is to elucidate the status of creative tourism and its impact on the economic development of Paveh city. The necessary data were collected through a questionnaire, and the analysis was done using one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The results of the one-sample t-test revealed that the significance level for all five indicators is lower than the 5% error threshold, indicating that the average score for all five creative tourism indicators in Paveh city exceeds 3. Additionally, Friedman’s test for ranking the indicators demonstrated a significant difference among creative tourism indicators, signifying varying degrees of importance among them. Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicated a significant and positive relationship between creative tourism and economic development indicators. Furthermore, the investigation into the impact of creative tourism on the economic development of Paveh city, using the regression coefficient, revealed a strong correlation (R=0.622) between the extent of creative tourism and economic development. With a t-value of 9.862 and a significance level of 0.000, it can be concluded that creative tourism, with a beta coefficient of 0.622, has a notable impact on the economic development of Paveh city.

The rural areas of the Central District of Sarein County are an important tourism center in Iran due to their unique natural location and human context so that they host many tourists every year. However, it has not been adequately successful yet due to the lack of sound planning. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate and measure the factors influencing the realization of creative rural tourism in this district.

To analyze the issue and achieve the research goal, the researchers adopted an applied methodology that used a survey design for data collection. The statistical population was all local managers and experts living in the rural areas of the Central District of Sarein County. The subject was analyzed by five indices, including flexibility and creativity, innovation, risktaking, leadership, and participation, using 22 indicators. Data were analyzed by singlesample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis. The software packages used were SPSS and AMOS.

The results showed that in the structural dimensions, the studied villages were open to new views and thoughts. On the other hand, they are in an optimal situation in flexibility and leadership. In the socio-cultural dimensions, the local people are open to adopting and sharing new cultures and regulations in the villages, so measures can be taken to develop the villages in this respect. Also, it can be said that in the economic dimensions, local people have more tendency toward risk and investment due to the wide perspective in the villages. Eventually, the results in the environmental dimension revealed that local people would accept to deliver a part of their rural lands for the construction of recreational centers or other modern activities that would increase the return of their lands for the sake of the growth and development of their villages. They showed high creativity in this respect. Regarding the significance of the test, it can be said that the creative tourism indices are at optimal levels in the villages of the Central District of Sarein.

To interpret the results, it can be said that the creative tourism indices are at an optimal level, reflecting the proactivity of the tourism industry in this region. The creative tourism indices in the Central District of Sarein County showed that the environmental dimension is in the first rank, implying the importance of the environmental criteria for local people and tourists. Also, the socio-cultural and economic indices were ranked next, which shows the regional need to consider the issues of indigenous culture, employment, and the decline in unemployment. Local people have been successful in this respect, too. A higher mean value of the structural index than the hypothetical mean of the community, as well, shows the success of these villages in the structural dimensions.

One of the basic preconditions for achieving sustainable development and one of the most basic measures of well-being in any society is to maintain and improve living capital. This research is a descriptive-survey study that has studied the structural relations of livelihood capital based on DFID theory and creative tourism with four dimensions. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of how to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the heads of rural households in Arsbaran region (N = 2293), and using the Karjesi-Morgan table, the statistical sample size was calculated as 329 people. In order to obtain samples in this research, random sampling method was used. The value of Cronbach's alpha obtained for creative tourism indicators is equal to 0.80 and for livelihood capital indicators is 0.79. SPSS version 24 and LISREL 8.8 software package were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, the components of creative tourism and livelihood capital have been evaluated with an average of 3.270 and 2.773 respectively in the villages of Arsbaran region at the optimal level and below the optimal level, and between the components of creative tourism with capital Livelihoods had causal relationships with favorable indicators (RMSEA = 0.07). Based on the findings of the research, the improvement of creative class indicators, creative product, creative process and creative environment are effective in the development of livelihood capital indicators.

Paying attention to urban regeneration regarding the old neighborhoods of Isfahan city can bring environmental responsibility and increase the level of identity and belonging among citizens, which in this regard, creative tourism can facilitate its achievement.As the aim of this research, this study seeks to investigate the role of creative tourism in the regeneration and development of tourism in the historical context of Isfahan city. The current research is based on library studies and field investigations in terms of developmental-applicative goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in two parts: 1- creative tourism indicators including 5 categories (social capital, quality of life, tourism talent, physical infrastructure and tourism experience) and 2- regeneration indicators in 4 categories (social, economic, cultural and physical) were extracted. In the following, to present the creative tourism development model and its effect on the development process of the city of Isfahan, using the questionnaire tool and with a sample size of 383 people, and using spss software, the work process continued. Creative was analyzed in Geoda software. In the process of urban network analysis, tools (Network Analyst Tools) have been used in the ArcGIS software environment to produce maps. The results showed that the status of 5 indicators of creative tourism at the level of the historic sites of Isfahan city is good, and only in the physical infrastructure sector, there is a lack of feeling, but the situation of the regeneration indicators of the historical sites of Isfahan city is completely inappropriate. Comparing the average state of tourism development Among the different urban localities, the creative also shows that the highest is related to Dardasht and Togchi localities with averages of 16.41 and 15.90, respectively, and the lowest is related to Kangaz and Kardalan localities, respectively, with averages of It was 12/18 and 13/84.Soil erosion is a global problem that threatens water and soil resources and land use change is one of the important factors in soil erosion intensification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in Razeychay watershed of Meshginshahr located in Ardabil province. First, Landsat images of the study area in May 1999, and 2019 and were obtained from USGS website. In the image processing stage, atmospheric and radiometric corrections have been conducted, and then the land use maps of the study area has been prepared for study years using support vector machine (SVM) as a supervised classification method. Then, the RUSLE model was used to estimate the amount of erosion in the two time span. SPSS, Excel, Arc GIS 5.4, Archydro and ENVI 5.3 software were used to spatial analysis and data processing.

The current research aims to identify and prioritize the effective criteria of experience-based tourism in creative cultural attractions.Design/methodology/approach: The current research is a mixed one. The statistical population was formed by experts knowledgeable about the study area and the research subject. The qualitative inductive content analysis method with semi-structured interviews with experts was used to identify experience-based tourism criteria for creative cultural attractions. After that, to prioritize and determine the importance of the identified criteria, the structural equation modeling technique was implemented. The identified criteria were provided to 20 experts and were scored in the form of a matrix using the Delphi method.

The findings identified 17 effective criteria of experience-based tourism in creative cultural attractions. Based on the research findings, the study's criteria are placed in four positions regarding effectiveness: determinant, relay, goal, and result.

In this regard, the criteria of furniture and physical design, access, motivation, expectations, hospitality, image, and individual characteristics are the most influential criteria of experience-based tourism in Tehran's creative cultural attractions. The mentioned results help to develop creative cultural attractions. These results can be operationalized by setting up a registration system for creative cultural attractions. Furthermore, these attractions can be ranked by awarding creative certificates to outstanding ones and providing the ground for their progress and development.Originality/value: The current research helps to develop the concept of experience-based tourism and creative cultural attractions. Additionally, the results provide the basis for the operational development of creative cultural attractions.

 Today, due to the historical processes, interests, education and needs of society, the fields of tourism have also changed. The fact is that many countries in their new tourism planning, creativity has become a strategy in the construction of places, so it is important knowing the importance of the fact that development based on creativity and creative tourism, various negative factors of tourism development Reduces, as the creative living industry has received a lot of attention in these countries. In the category of creative tourism, creative tourism development strategies must be sensitive to the issue of local capacities. Because the mental image of the residents of that place is important for understanding the goals and behavioral attitudes and supporting the development of tourism. Despite the growth of tourism in the world and the slow and slow growth of tourism in Iran, tourism in Golestan province has not yet reached its true position due to the existing potential and actual capabilities. Although Golestan province is considered as the "tourist bottleneck" of the east of the country based on its geographical location and is a gateway to incoming tourists from the eastern provinces of the country, but so far has only played a "crossing" role and has not benefited from such a geographical location in the "geopolitics of domestic tourism", in this regard, the present article explains and analyzes the spatial distribution of creative tourism pragmatists in tourism areas of the townships of  Golestan province.

 The aim of this study was development research in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and based on survey and field method. The method of collecting the required data was based on library, documentary and field survey methods by referring to the relevant organizations. 27 sub-indexes (in the form of 232 variables) were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of creative tourism operators and practitioners of creative tourism, which has four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative product and creative class. In order to compare the studied cities in terms of spatial distribution status of creative tourism operators, first the weight and importance of all dimensions and sub-indices were obtained through a critical model. Then, 14 sample townships were compared with each other and ranked using EDAS multi-criteria decision making method based on the status of creative tourism operators.

 Despite some attention and positive results of the conceptual and operational development of creative tourism in the country, so far, due to the rich local capacities in all areas of music, food, local games, dance, singing and local rituals, there is still a great distance to the realization of creative tourism aspirations in the country,  Meanwhile Golestan province is no exception to this rule due to its abundant talents and capabilities. The objective and tangible result of these facts can be easily seen in the product of this study;The result of evaluating the four dimensions of creative environment, creative process, creative industries (product) and creative class in the spatial distribution of creative tourism creative operators in Golestan province, where there are many potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, whose analytical output shows in the townships of the province, in terms of environment, out of 14 townships in the province, 7 townships are in a completely unfavorable situation. However Maraveh Tappeh township with the highest percentage of rural population (85.8%) has been identified as a natural habitat for car trees and rare medicinal plants.It is obvious that the study and planning of the development and consolidation of this one case (medicinal plants), itself will have a dramatic effect on economic development in the first step and the development of creative tourism in the region.The results of this study show that Gomishan township with two golf courses and an international wetland as well as the only township with marine handicraft production are among these townships.Certainly, in the production of these industries, what is important is the creativity of the individual to prepare and produce the most beautiful products with these objects and her imagination.In the creative process dimension, Azadshahr, Ramyan and Aliabad have been more successful than other townships by holding workshops, art and cultural training classes, and various festivals, and have been in a completely favorable position in terms of this dimension. n the creative class dimension, the situation is far more favorable than other dimensions of creative tourism practitioners, so that Turkmen, Kordkoy, Kalaleh and Minoodasht have a better situation in terms of creative class than other dimensions of creativity. This situation is partly due to the optimal use of industries and creative products in these areas, while other cities have not been able to take full advantage of the potential in the region. As it is evident in the findings, Gorgan township is in a very favorable situation in other cases except for one case (creative process). It is obvious that such a situation is due to the concentration of attention on the first city and the center of the province so that geographical inequality in the urban and service system of the province, disproportionate distribution of population, infrastructure facilities and activities and the tendency to polarization are among the management factors involved in these regional imbalances.

In summary, the results of this study show that creative tourism operators in the townships of Golestan province are not in a good position. In explaining this issue, according to the objective studies conducted from the results of studies, observations and interviews, the spatial distribution of the dimensions of creative tourism operators in the five townships of Maraveh Tappeh, Gomishan, Galikesh, Kordkoy and BandarGaz, has completely unfavorable conditions, while six townships of Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aq Qala, Turkmen, Kalaleh and Ramyan have relatively unfavorable conditions in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. However, only Aliabad and Gonbad townships are in a state of moderate desirability, and ultimately Gorgan is the capital of the province, which is in a very favorable situation in terms of having the dimensions of creative tourism operators. The results of this study show that this province, despite the potential capacities for the development of creative tourism, is still far from the ideals of this important issue in line with the existing conditions of developed societies, which is the main concern of this paper, recognition, attention, recommendation, planning and development of this important issue as one of the most important channels of sustainable economy in the world.

Achieving a creative society requires the existence of a creative class, and it seems that one of the appropriate ways to recognize and attract the creative class is to use the tourism industry. Creativity in the field of tourism is a new approach to the structural dimensions of the city and region. Therefore, the current research is trying to evaluate the tourism potential of Behshahr; to investigate the potential and capacities of this region to create creative tourism. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical approaches. The data was collected from documentary studies and field surveys in the form of questionnaires. To examine the research variables, four major tourism indicators including historical, architectural, natural, sociocultural, and infrastructure attractions, as well as five basic indicators of the realization of a creative city have been evaluated. To analyze the data and evaluate the tourism potential of the study area, the SPSS was applied and Friedman and T-tests were used. The results of the research related to the creation of creative tourism indicated that Behshahr has potential and capacity in terms of the given indicators. Also, the results of the t-test in connection with the investigation of the feasibility of creative tourism in Behshahr indicated that among the components, social capital is at a higher level and the leadership and management component is at a lower level compared with the levels of other components. The results of the Friedman test also showed that the four indicators of social capital, risk-taking, initiative, innovation, flexibility, and acceptance are in a favorable situation in terms of forming creative tourism.