جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Destination » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Historical tourism is one of the most important parts of tourism development, and many variables are effective in developing this type of tourism. The image of the destination is one of the determining factors in the tourist's joy of historical tourism. The image of the destination is considered a multidimensional and hybrid structure and follows the attitude pattern of three elements, including cognitive, emotional, and perceptual elements. Although some research considers the destination image as a two-dimensional structure (cognitive and emotional), some claim that tourism researchers have completely neglected the third dimension of the destination image, which has a useful meaning, over the past decades. The destination image was limited to studies of its perceptual or cognitive component. Now, travelers have concerns about their inexperience in destinations and want to find the most relevant information about their stay and destination before traveling. Providing reliable information for tourist destinations intended to facilitate the highest level of tourist experience and enjoyment leads to the tendency and encouragement of tourists to destination-oriented activities and experiences, including creating positive images of the destination, visiting the destination, shopping, and recommendations. Visiting the destination to others ultimately leads to joy and satisfaction that will lead to positive economic consequences for residents of historic cities. Visiting historic sites is one of the most popular activities among tourists. This justifies the favorable position of cultural heritage tourism among the fastest-growing tourism markets. However, less research has been done on the behavior of cultural heritage tourists. In 2014, approximately 40% of international tourists were identified as cultural heritage tourists based on their participation in cultural visits or activities. Culturally, they have been considered by marketing researchers.

Since the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of validity and conflict of destination image of historical cities on the joy and resonance of tourists, in terms of purpose, it is applied, and in terms of research, the method is descriptive-survey and in data analysis using structural equation modeling has done. In order to test the hypotheses of the statistical community, tourists in Yazd from April 1 to late September 2019 have been selected. Morgan table was used to determine the number of research samples, and the statistical sample of this research was 384 people. In this study, the independent variables are perceived originality, conflict, and source credibility; the mediating variables are cognitive image, emotional image, and destination image; and the dependent variables are tourist joy and brand resonance recommendation, and 28 questions have been assigned to collect the necessary data. In inferential data analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO test were used to determine the internal stability of the instrument. All statistical calculations of this study were performed using SPSS23 statistical software and analyses related to structural equation modeling using AMOS23 software, and the significance level of the whole test is P <0.05.

The findings of this study showed that the creation of positive images of the destination is due to positive interaction with the local community. Zhang et al. (2014) also concluded that the perception of the destination image can be influenced by political, ideological, religious, ethnic, and cultural issues. The findings of this study showed that emotional image has more effects on behavioral goals than cognitive image. This means that emotions, contrary to the cognitive claim of the image, have a more significant impact on the emotional image; Gartner (1994) and Hudson, Ruth, Madden, and Hudson (2015) achieved similar results. The findings of this study indicated that the image of the destination has a positive and significant effect on the intention to travel to that destination. Moon, Aziz, and Boji (2018) reached similar conclusions. The results showed that destination managers and marketers can increase tourists' motivation to recommend a trip to that destination by creating a good image of the destination.

This study aimed to evaluate the presentation of a theoretical model on the relationships of variables of perceived originality, conflict, source validity, cognitive and emotional image, tourist joy, and brand resonance recommendation of a destination and the characteristics of these variables with a focus on the destination image. The results of this study showed that the source's perceived originality, involvement, and credibility have a positive and significant effect on cognitive and emotional images. Also, cognitive and emotional imagery affect the destination image. The findings showed that the destination image affects the intention of the visit and the intention of the recommendation. In fact, people who travel from a destination closer to their country of origin or region and feel close to the local people and their norms, or through the vast amount of information they obtain through the media and friends or relatives, travel to those destinations. In addition, creating positive images of the destination is due to positive interaction with the local community. Zhang et al. (2014) also concluded that the perception of the destination image can be influenced by political, ideological, religious, ethnic, and cultural issues. The findings of this study showed that emotional image has more effects on behavioral goals than cognitive image. This means that emotions affect the emotional image, contrary to the cognitive claim of the image. Gartner (1994) and Hudson, Ruth, Madden, and Hudson, 2015 achieved similar results. The findings of this study showed that the image of the destination has a positive and significant effect on the intention to travel to that destination. Moon, Aziz, and Boji (2018) reached similar conclusions, in line with the research findings showing that destination managers and marketers can increase tourists' intention to recommend by creating a good image of the destination. This study showed that focusing more on the emotional image dimension puts managers one step further in controlling behavioral goals because their feelings and emotions directly predict decisions about tourists.

Planning municipal solid waste is a complex and multifaceted process that requires the serious determination of the responsible agencies and the cooperation of other sectors that are directly and indirectly involved in this matter. Astara is one of the northernmost cities in Iran and the westernmost city of Gilan province, and with its unique environmental characteristics.

In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, while analyzing the current situation of Astara city waste management, using SWOT analytical model, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of waste management in the city The Delphi questionnaire is used;The statistical population includes 30 waste specialists and experts, Managers and executives of waste Agency Which are randomly selected. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha statistical method was estimated to be 0.75.

Geographical area of research:

 The includes the city of Astara in Gilan province, which according to 2016 population and housing census had a population of 51579 .

potential capacities that can be exploited to deal with threats. In examining the opportunities and threats of waste management, considering that the sum of weighted points is equal to 1.92 And its value is less than 2.5, so the existing opportunities in the waste management of Astara city have not been used effectively.

The results of the study show that the five stages of waste management in the city of Astara face many structural problems And weaknesses outweigh strengths And the opportunities against threats have not been properly utilized.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of online experience of a tourism city brand on the behavioral intentions to visit the tourist attractions in Tehran. The City of Tehran, one of the world’s largest cities in the world, has numerous capacities and potentials for national and international tourism, which despite this city’s large travel volume, it has been neglected and not used. Tehran's diverse nature, rich historical backgrounds, commercial attractions, and numerous museums can help attract tourists; however, it seems that the tourism potential of this city is not used. The research method used in this study is a descriptive survey. The study’s statistical population includes foreign tourists visiting the tourist attractions of Tehran (museums of Tehran). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used with Amos and SPSS software to analyze the research data. The results showed that “online experience of the destination brand” positively affects both “brand originality” and “tourists’ intentions”. The findings of the present research can be used in order to increase the number of international tourists visiting Tehran attraction.

In recent decades, rural tourism as a complementary activity of agriculture and animal husbandry has always been a factor in improving the economic conditions of rural residents. Based on this research was conducted to identify factors affecting the empowerment of rural tourism destinations. Data collection was done by using two methods of archiving and scrolling through interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the research includes archival sources related to the subject matter of the research as well as 13 persons of experts and experienced individuals. Content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the qualitative data; also, quantitative data were analyzed using the Logarithmic Fuzzy Preference Programming (LFPP) method. The results showed that the dimensions of empowerment of rural tourism destinations include three dimensions of environmental, human resources, and local community, so that dimension of human resources with a weight of 0.0994 is more weight than other dimensions. Also, the dimension of the local community and environmental dimension were also ranked second and third respectively with a weight of 0.0989 and 0.0973. Meanwhile, the component of "effectiveness" in the dimension of "human resources" with a weight of 0.261, the "economic" component in the "local community" with a weight of 0.259, and the "aesthetic" component in the field of "environmental" with a weight of 0.254, accounted for the most.

Tourist destinations are selected by tourists based on various factors. One of the most important factors is tourist destination security. The study aims to investigate the role of security in the development of rural tourism. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes 194 tourists from eight villages of Torqabeh and Shandiz County, which selected through the Cochran formula. A survey containing Likert- type scales were used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach Alpha, which is acceptable. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson Correlation test, One Sample T-test and Linear Regression, and VIKOR model. The results indicate that the security variable has a strong direct relationship with the tourism development variable (Coefficient = 0.713). In other words, security positively influences rural tourism development. In addition, the results of VIKOR model reveals that there is a different level of security for tourists in 8 tourist villages of the region; Jaghargh, Kang, and Abardeh villages are in good condition, but Noqondar, Anbaran, and Zoshk villages are at lower level in terms of tourism security and Zoshk village is at the lowest level in terms of tourism security that for the development of tourism in these villages should be considered by the authorities.

Although there is no reliable data on coastal tourism alone, it is generally considered to be one of the fastest growing forms of tourism in recent decades. Here again, UNWTO statistics show that 12 of the 15 world’s top destination countries in 2000 were countries with coastlines (UNEP, 2009: 2). Sun, beautiful beaches, and warm ocean waters have become standard vacation requirements for many tourists. Forty-nine percent of those visiting the Caribbean do so for the beaches, while 28 percent are primarily interested in sightseeing, and 17 percent in water sports. Moreover, roughly 25% of the jobs in the Caribbean are directly or indirectly tourism related (Bridges, 2002: 93- 94).
Capacity is defined as the organizational and technical abilities, relationships and values that enable countries, organizations, groups, and individuals at any level of society to carry out functions and achieve their development objectives over time. Capacity refers not only to skills and knowledge but also to relationships, values and attitudes, and many others (Morgan, 1998). Capacity at the organization level will determine how individual capacities are utilized and strengthened. It refers to anything that will influence an organization''s performance (JICA, 2004). Key to the success of any of the processes discussed above is the individuals with the necessary capacities to participate effectively. According to Innes and Booher (2003) an individual with more capacity to participate in collaborative processes is one with a particular set of skills and a better understanding of problems and opportunities and of others’ perspectives. The integrated and coordinated process needed for progressing sustainable development will draw on a wide range of skills, some of which might be new to those involved (Innes & Booher, 2003). The aim of this study was to evaluate the managemental capacity of responsible organizations of coastal tourism destinations. The research method was descriptive- analytic. In this research, organizations’ management capacity were evaluated through the questionnaire in 6 dimensions leadership, human resource management, financial resource management, crisis management, ecological management, economic management and social management. One-sample t test was used for analysis. The sample size was 22 people, including managers and experts of responsible organizations of coastal tourism destinations. Organizations’ management capacity was evaluated in 6 dimensions. Results of dimensions are the following:Leadership: Creating harmony between different units for coastal projects (1.95), prioritizing of coastal tourism problems (1.72), the rule of law on the implementation of the Coastal Plan (1.27), the registry and archives data for coastal plan (1.27), doing things in the organization for coastal projects according Directives (1.09), the distribution of powers are balanced (objectives contained in the plan and procedures for the design and expertise and sector / unit) through the leadership of the organization for coastal projects (1), are the basis for control, monitoring and evaluation through the rules and regulations related to coastal tourism (0.9), save time to decide seaside plot (0.81) the existence of regulations, encourage employees in the organization (0.72), the management system of monitoring and evaluation, based on the structure and functioning of the villages in the project area (0.36), the use of external specialists for coastal tourism (0.18 ) and thinking room for coastal tourism with the participation of specialists (0.04).
Ecological management: creating green spaces in the beach (0.63) and according to the proportion between the number of tourists and the area of the site and the potential of the site to reduce congestion and pollution (ecological carrying capacity of the beach) (0.54).
Economic management: create a legal framework to facilitate investment community on the beach (0.18), creating a legal framework for community investment tax breaks on the beach (0.36), creating job opportunities for the local community on the beach (0.81), create sales opportunities for local production at the beach (1.45) and pay attention to reduce the cost of job creation by the local community on the beach (0.18).
Social management: attention to social ills (crime, theft, drug addiction, etc.) seaside plot in the village (0.18), according to upholding the faith of villagers in coastal plan (0.13), due to maintaining customs villagers in traditional coastal design (0.18), according to maintain family integrity villagers in coastal plan (0.13) and pay attention to maintaining public safety in the seaside village (0.22).
Human Resource Management: Financial experts could encourage (1), encourage experts could be promoted (0.13), proper screening of knowledge (0.18), a decent choice based on experience (0.18), both deserve choice based on the knowledge and experience (0.27) and build skills in coastal staff (0.36). Coastal areas have long been of interest to tourists and it has potential capabilities (beautiful combination of sea and beach, quiet surroundings, etc.) for tourism and the ability to attract tourists from near and far (Beikmohammadi, 1385: 51). Management organizations, role in the effective and efficient use of human and material resources in planning, organizing, mobilizing resources, guidance and control in order to achieve the organization''s objectives in the development of coastal tourism. In the study area, these organizations are the result of poor management of coastal development purposes is low. In order to improve management capacity in coastal development purposes can be considered the following actions:In order to promote the necessary management capacity is an intellectual leadership, create organization as experts within the Organization and outside the Organization''s experts, especially academic experts in this room is brought together and in conjunction with the development of tourism to synergy. Another important role of management is human resources management in to the development of coastal tourism. In the majority of enterprises human resources management are not properly and thereby allocating the tasks to tourism experts, has the ability to do these tasks necessary for admission. It is necessary in the assignment of tasks, based on criteria for switching a decent education, knowledge and experience to be considered and to motivate the financial incentives in the form of experts and occupational promotion, especially to be considered as conditions of competition between the experts.