جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Factor Analysis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Smart tourism utilizes communication and information technologies to enhance the visitor experience at tourist destinations. Integration of smart tourism concepts is particularly important in rural areas. By leveraging smart technologies, villages can promote their businesses and improve their tourism infrastructure. The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the factors influencing the development of smart tourism in tourism-oriented villages in eastern Kermanshah Province.

This study employed a descriptive-analytical research design. Data were collected through a combination of methods, including a documentary review of library resources and scientific journals, as well as field surveys using questionnaires. The information required for the study of smart rural tourism and its indicators was gathered based on the background literature and regional context. Out of a total of 1,191 rural households, a sample of 215 respondents was selected using Cochran’s formula with a 0.065% margin of error. The one-sample t-test was used to measure the level of smart rural tourism according to the type of data, drawing from Pearson correlation tests. To analyze the impacts of the examined factors on smart rural tourism, the CRITIC weighting and COCOSO ranking methods were used based on the type of data. Additionally, factor analysis was conducted to further explore the impacts of the factors on smart rural tourism. For the statistical analyses, JAMOVI software was utilized, while GIS software was employed for spatial analysis.

The results indicated that the concept of smart rural tourism was characterized by a set of indicators related to smart economy, smart governance, smart infrastructure, smart people, smart connectivity, and smart education. The one-sample t-test revealed that among the indicators of smart rural tourism, the indices of smart governance, smart people, smart economy, and smart education were the most important factors in the studied villages. Specifically, the mean scores for smart governance and smart people were 3.95, while the mean scores for smart economy and smart education were 3.90, suggesting these were the most influential components of smart rural tourism in the research context. 

Housing indices are a suitable tool for understanding the housing situation in different dimensions. The current research aims to investigate the physical quality of housing and compare it in formal and informal settlements in the Tabriz metropolis. The current research is in the category of applied research and terms of methodology, it is among descriptive-analytical research. For this purpose, by using library studies, the research of 7 variables; Building life, structure type, building quality, number of floors, housing area, occupancy level, and building density were used as indicators of the physical quality of housing extracted from the detailed plan of Tabriz metropolis 2015. The factor analysis method and factor loading of the variables were used to weigh the variables and the data analysis was done separately through spatial analysis in the Arc GIS software environment and the Electre method in the Excel software environment. Through spatial analysis, the present study achieved the evaluation of the spatial distribution of the physical quality of housing at the neighborhood level, and also through the Electre method, the neighborhoods were ranked according to the physical index of housing quality, and then both findings were compared. The findings of the research showed that based on the spatial analysis, Golpark, Zumard, Valiasr, and Golkar neighborhoods have the largest area in terms of quality, and according to Electre's findings, Zumard, Valiasr and Golkar neighborhoods are ranked first to third.

For this purpose, the data of 13 climatic variables in 14 synoptic stations in a period of 44 years (from 1977 to 2020) used and a 13x14 matrix (rows; climatic elements and columns; number of stations) was created. In order to generalize the station data to the area, a grid with 15x15 km pixel was formed in central Iran and a matrix with dimensions of 446x15 (rows; digital pixel and columns; number of stations) It was found that the basis of the calculations will be factor analysis with varimax rotation and cluster analysis with Ward integration. The results of measuring the relationship between altitude and climatic variables indicate that in Central Iran, there is a direct and significant relationship between these two factors. However, due to the influence of local and macro-scale climatic factors, this relationship is not the same throughout the area and sometimes creates climatic nesting. In addition, the results showed that the 4 main and effective factors that make the climate of central Iran are: precipitation, temperature, humidity and dust storm. These factors explain 86.2 percent of the climatic behavior of this area. So that the rainfall with 35 percent is the most important climatic element in this area, which often dominates in cold mountainous regions and high altitudes. The temperature is 27.3 percent in the central deserts and the sides of Lut desert in Kashan, Khourbiabanak, Lar and Bam. Humidity is effective with 15.3 percent in parts of hot and humid southern areas in Baft, Abadeh and even cold and humid northern areas in Daran, Isfahan. Dust storms with 8.8 percent are the least effective factor in the climate of central Iran, which are scattered in Khourbiabanak, Bafaq, Yazd, and Kashan

The dominant form of migration in developing countries, including Iran, is from the village to the city. However, during the past two decades, another pattern of migration, reverse migration, has occurred in rural areas in such a way that in the findings of the general population and housing census of 2012, the number of reverse migrants is higher than the rural-urban migration. In the whole city of Natanz, due to its location in the center of Isfahan province, the city of Isfahan has access to the markets of Isfahan, Badroud, Khaled Abad, Natanz, and Targhroud. On the other hand, the physical development of Isfahan and its economic and social relations have various characteristics. During the past years, reverse migration flow to urban and rural settlements has taken place in temporary and permanent forms. The general goal is to investigate and analyze the role of reverse migration in the economic development of villages in Natanz. From a practical point of view, the results of such research provide solutions to the country's managers to implement better planning to prevent migration and encourage migrants to return. Reverse migration is when people return to their first place (origin) after a long residence in another place (destination). In other interpretations and definitions, reverse migration is considered a reaction to creating attractiveness in rural areas, which emerges through the establishment of income in activities such as agriculture or animal husbandry, retirement, and sometimes due to the hardships of urban life; a process in which a person or persons, due to various reasons, return to their first place again from the place they have chosen as their new place.

This research is descriptive-analytical. The samples were based on Cochran's formula, and to complete the discussion, Krejcie and Morgan's sample size determination table was also used. Information was collected from 381 individuals across 24 villages through field surveys using a researcher-made questionnaire.

Regarding gender, 84.78% of the sample was male, and 15.22% were female. Also, 94.75% were married, and 5.25% were single. The age group included 3.93% 20-30 years old, 17.85% 31-40 years old, 28.08% 41-50 years old, 27.30% 60-51 years old, 22.83% 61 years old. Out of the total sample, 2.62% are illiterate, 27.82% have a diploma, and 36.49% have a bachelor's degree, master's degree, or higher.One sample t-test was used to study the factors affecting reverse migration. In order to evaluate the dimensions of the factors affecting the migration from the city to the village, the items were first oriented and it was combined as an average; considering the 5-point Likert scale in the research items, the number 3 was chosen as the theoretical median to evaluate the importance of the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration from the society's point of view. This research has been studied at a confidence level of 95%. Given the frequency of variables used for leveling (47 variables in the first step) and the importance of evaluating more important variables and determining the weight and importance of each variable, the factor analysis method was used. In this research, the exploratory factor analysis method was used to summarize data and identify causes. In order to determine the suitability of the collected data for factor analysis, the KMO coefficient and Bartlett's statistic, which were significant at the 1% level, were used, so they were suitable for factor analysis. By benefiting from the factor analysis technique in the principal factor analysis method, 6 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted, and the variables for evaluating the dimensions of the factors affecting reverse migration were grouped in these factors based on the factorloading and after orthogonal factor rotation using the Varimax method. The 6 factors explained a total of 71.682% of the total variance related to the variables of factors affecting reverse migration.In this research, the basic theory is the theory of human capital, which was proposed by Larry Shasta. According to the theory of human capital, the return migration of people is formed in the hope of benefiting from more prosperity in the village. The result of the research shows that the reverse immigrants have been able to be effective in the economic sector in both capital and idea sectors. In fact, the innovation of this research can be that the economy is based on reverse migration, and if there is a correct plan and vision in the programs and among managers, it can cause the growth and development of villages.

Population relocation and migration is a sign of the continuity of human life, which has a history as old as humankind. People who consider the continuity of life, social and economic activities, and the field of effort limited and short for themselves in a geographical place start to migrate. Among the spatial-location features related to rural areas, "lack of welfare and civil services" has played a special role in the appearance of the driver of migration to the city. However, with the development of welfare-civil services and the increase in the income of the agricultural sector and belonging to the original birthplace, the return of immigrants to rural areas is provided. The results of this research are related to the research of Shaojun Chen and Wurong Liu (2020); urban repulsion factors and attraction factors play a role in the migration from the city to the countryside. It is associated with Stockdale's (2014) studies concerning urban repulsions, such as the inability to create jobs in cities and rural attractions, such as age and retirement. It is associated with the studies of Edival (2015) about urban repulsions such as lack of job security and rural attractions such as retirement. It is associated with the studies of Langroudi et al. (2012) in the field of rural attractions, such as obtaining more income, increasing relative welfare, and improving human dignity for migrants returning to rural areas. According to the studies of Afrakhteh et al. (2015), in economic and cultural-ethnic causes, the least impact on reverse migration from the city to the village is associated.

Iran's groundwater reservoirs have faced significant and related challenges in the past three decades. The simultaneous decrease in the volume and quality of these waters, which are increasingly contaminated with pollutants, renders them largely unusable for many uses. Therefore, there is an increasing emphasis on evaluating the quality of groundwater and identifying anthropogenic or geogenic factors that affect its quality more than ever before. In this study, the hydrogeochemical pollution caused by major, minor, and trace elements was identified by examining the water table against the electrical conductivity of water resources in Azarshahr plain. Long-term data on water levels and electrical conductivity were obtained from regional water resources in East Azerbaijan province. After initial examination, 33 samples were collected from wells and qanats in the area and transferred to the water laboratory of Tabriz University for analysis. The measured parameters included pH, electrical conductivity, major, minor, and trace elements.The results of chemical analysis showed that the concentrations exceeding the permissible drinking limit for nitrates and elements such as Arsenic, Lead, Nickel, and Chromium. Piper diagrams and Stiff diagrams were used to determine the water type in the area; it was found that the water type is mainly sulfate and bicarbonate-based. The origin of the available water is related to the geological formations in the area as a result of mixing and ion exchange.Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis using factor analysis revealed four influential factor groups affecting water quality in the area; only the fourth factor was attributed to anthropogenic. In general, most of the trace elements in water sources are influenced by formations and aquifer-rock interactions.The overall trend of groundwater quantity over a 25-year period is relatively stable with a slight downward slope; however, the general trend of electrical conductivity is ascending with a much steeper slope indicating an increase in anthropogenic activities as well as the presence of saline layers, which leads to a decrease in the quality of groundwater. Most of the contaminated samples in terms of major and trace elements are located around Gowgan city at the end of the plain. The pollution at this end is related to dissolution trends along with movement paths of groundwater flow and density of pumping wells in this area.

Divorce is a reprehensible phenomenon that not only causes a lot of damage to the cell of the society - the family - but also to the body of the society; On the other hand, the result of divorce - broken family - also causes many social problems such as children and women without guardians, children running away from home and increasing other delinquencies. The purpose of this research is to design and effective tools on divorce, the statistical community of divorced women in Nowshahr. The sample size is 180 people according to Cochran's formula. The validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed according to the opinion of university professors, and its reliability was calculated according to Cronbach's alpha of 0.76. Factor analysis has been used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the first factor is interest-family, the second factor is sexual satisfaction, the third factor is forced marriage and the duration of marriage, the fourth factor is incompatibility of marital relations, the fifth factor is religious observance, and the sixth factor is the involvement of others in life. Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures to reduce the phenomenon of divorce in Nowshahr city, it seems necessary to plan carefully to reduce the factors.

Today, studies of quality of life have mainly focused on the urban environment, and the quality of urban life and its study is of great necessity and importance. Urban areas are always faced with important issues such as social deprivation, unemployment, housing shortages, insecurity, etc., severely affecting the quality of urban life. Irregular physical growth of cities, changes in the socio-economic structure, traffic and pollution, quality of housing, the existence of parallel organizations in the management of urban centers, and the lack or improper distribution of recreational spaces have caused a decline in the quality of life in urban centers. Today, with the expansion of cities and increasing inequalities, studies of quality of life have become an important tool for planning and managing cities. For urban planners, managers, and policymakers, especially cities that shape the quality of life, the core of the planning process and policy decisions, Studying the quality of life is very important. Through identifying problem areas, discovering the causes of citizens’ dissatisfaction, social, economic, and environmental factors affecting the quality of life, citizens’ priorities in life, and monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of urban policies and strategies, these studies have made a significant contribution to the development of urban strategies and policies. Considering the importance of the issue of quality of life, the main goal of this research is to investigate the status of quality of life indicators using the structural equation model in Sarpol-Zahab city.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population is the citizens of Sarpol-e Zahab city. According to the size of the population (N = 45481), 381 of these people were calculated using Cochran's formula and distributed by simple random sampling. The quality of urban life tool developed by Ebrahimzadeh asmin and Karbakhsh (2017) was used to collect information. This questionnaire consists of 29 questions and 5 components that were used to analyze the data using SPSS 25 software (Cronbach's alpha) and LISREL 8.8 (structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis).Sarpol-e Zahab city is one of the western cities of Kermanshah province. Sarpol-e Zahab city is located 177 km west of Kermanshah and its average altitude is 550 meters above sea level and is located at 45 degrees and 52 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees and 28 minutes north latitude and is the center of Sarpol-e Zahab city. According to the 2016 census, the city of Sarpol-e Zahab has a population of 45,481.

In first-order confirmatory factor analysis models, the scores of each item in a variable reflect the status of that item in a more underlying factor that cannot be measured directly because it is hidden. Chi-square ( (, index chi-square to freedom)df (, comparative fit index (CFI), relative fit index (RFI), non-normalized fit index (NNFI), square root error Mean approximation (RMSEA) were exerted to estimate the model. Regarding CFI, RFI, and NFI indices, some researchers believe that the minimum acceptable value is 0.90, and values above 0.95 indicate excellent model fit. Also, for the RMSEA index, a value less than 080 indicates a good fit for the model. According to the findings, the significance of T-statistic related to each of the questions of the Urban Quality of Life Scale is higher, with a significance level of error is 1.96, and the relationship between structures is meaningful and confirmed.

The results show that in the environmental dimension, the most important factors are the feeling of calm (lack of noise pollution (visual, visual, etc.) and satisfaction with the level of clean air. In the social dimension, satisfaction with the sense of happiness and vitality in the place of residence and the level of interest are the most factors. In the economic dimension, the tendency to continue living if income increases and satisfaction with living costs (water, electricity, gas, telephone, and housing costs) have the most factor. In the physical dimension, satisfaction with the conditions of the residential unit (size, number of rooms, necessary equipment, etc.) and satisfaction with the quality of streets and pedestrian crossings (quality of coverage, width of passages, night lighting, etc.) and the highest factor load. Finally, in terms of urban management, they are satisfied with the services provided by the municipality (timely collection of garbage, sewage and construction waste and the highest factor.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach, emphasizing the expansion of intergroup relationships through voluntary associations, clubs, unions, and typically local and non-governmental groups. This applied research aims to assess the desirability of social participation in the reconstruction of the historical neighborhood of Soro. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study is designed to evaluate the desirability of the social participation component in redeveloping the historical context of Soro from the perspective of local residents. The information was collected through library studies, employing a questionnaire and interviews. The sample size consists of 400 local residents, and for data analysis, SPSS software and the factor analysis method were employed. Through content analysis and a review of various sources and theoretical texts, indicators were extracted and classified into four groups: internal, relatively internal, external, and relatively external indicators. The results revealed that 44% of social indicators are most influenced by internal factors, followed by 28% for cultural indicators, 16% for physical indicators, and 12% for economic indicators, respectively.

In today's fast-paced urban lifestyle, individuals are increasingly exposed to heightened stress. Stress can give rise to a multitude of physical and mental health issues. The presence of green spaces within urban environments significantly impacts residents' overall quality of life. Beyond environmental advantages, green spaces offer citizens substantial health benefits, particularly in reducing stress and alleviating mental strain. This research pursues a practical objective and adopts an exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach. The primary aim of this study is to investigate various factors contributing to stress reduction in small-scale district parks. The research instrument employed is a 45-item questionnaire structured in accordance with the content objective table derived from theoretical and documentary research. Factor analysis was utilized to validate the data, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test results indicated the sample size's adequacy, while Bartlett's Test of Sphericity affirmed that the data could be subjected to factor analysis. Employing the principal component analysis extraction method, an exploratory factor analysis revealed eight distinct factors as sociability, participation, readability, responsiveness, sense of belonging, attractiveness, variety, and security. Notably, the sociability factor explained more than 12% of the factors influencing park stress reduction. Landscape designers should consider these factors, and urban open space decision-makers should evaluate them in their plans, ultimately equipping cities with landscapes that play a more substantial role in mitigating the stress experienced by their inhabitants. Future studies should explore the intricate connections between these factors, paving the way for the creation of urban landscapes with greater role in improving the quality of life

The global population has been experiencing rapid growth, especially in developing countries, leading to an increased disconnect from natural environments. The fast-paced urban lifestyle has contributed to elevated stress levels, which can result in various physical and mental health ailments. Air pollution, noise, and a lack of restorative environments are more profound in cities than rural areas. This condition leads to stress symptoms in a significant portion of urban populations. Because urbanization is predicted to double over the next 30 years, stress will most probably increase in city dwellers.
Urban greenery is crucial in enhancing the overall quality of life, contributing to improved city climates, and offering spaces for social activities and leisure. In addition to their environmental benefits, green spaces provide substantial health advantages, such as stress reduction, and offer opportunities for daily interaction with nature. Studies have demonstrated that when people are psychologically stressed or fatigued, they recover faster in natural areas than in urban environments. Although consensus exists about the positive health benefits of urban green spaces, more knowledge is needed about the mechanisms behind why and how green spaces reduce stress. The present study focuses on small urban public parks, specifically on how they should be designed to promote a potential for psychological restoration. This study aims to identify the key factors responsible for reducing stress in small-scale urban parks, which have been established by transforming underused and abandoned site parks to meet the growing demand for green and recreational spaces in response to urbanization.

This research has a practical objective and employs an exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach. The primary research tool is a 45-item questionnaire based on a content objective table derived from theoretical and document studies. The study's sample comprises students from Shahid Beheshti University and Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat University who frequent small local parks around their campuses, including Negin Park, Golrizan Park, Golestan 1 Park, and Shabanlu Park in Tehran's Districts 1 and 4. The study's sample size encompasses 210 participants, and data collection was facilitated through the distribution of online surveys via social networks. Data validation was performed through factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was computed.

The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test affirmed the adequacy of the sample size (KMO=0.814), and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity indicated that the data was suitable for factor analysis. After rotation, the data analysis revealed 13 significant factors contributing to stress reduction in small urban parks, accounting for approximately 70.10% of the overall variance. Following Varimax rotation, eight primary factors were identified. Sociability, with an eigenvalue of 5.569 and a variance percentage of 12.376, emerged as the most influential component in stress reduction. Sociability denotes versatile spaces that support multiple daily activities and social interactions. The second factor, participation, characterized by a specific value of 2.861 and a variance percentage of 6.357, reflects people's engagement in park spaces and their environmental impact. The third factor, readability, displayed a variance percentage of 5.773 and a specific value of 2.647, encompassing physical environmental qualities and human perception. The fourth factor, environmental responsiveness, with a variance percentage of 5.709 and an eigenvalue of 2.569, provides settings to meet physiological and psychological needs. The fifth factor, sense of belonging, with a variance percentage of 4.838 and a specific value of 2.177, highlights the relationship between humans and their environment, influenced by physical attributes and social activities. Attractiveness, diversity, and security had variance percentages of 4.827, 4.255, and 4.219, with specific values of 2.172, 1.915, and 1.899, respectively. These factors encompass spatial appeal, variation, and safety, all contributing to an enhanced quality of life in urban areas. The spatial structure and elements, such as adequate nighttime lighting, readability, and sociability, can foster a sense of security and stress reduction.

Urban parks have many functions and benefits. These functions and benefits are essential for improving life quality in urban areas. With the ongoing growth of urbanization and the resulting rise in stress levels, it is crucial to address the factors that alleviate stress in urban parks, especially small-scale ones. This study has identified the principal elements contributing to stress reduction in small parks, providing valuable insights for landscape architects and designers to enhance the effectiveness of green open spaces in mitigating stress. The research findings, including factors like readability and attractiveness, are consistent with those of other researchers like Kaplan. Future studies should explore the intricate connections between these factors in greater depth, paving the way for creating urban landscapes with a more pronounced role in stress reduction and improved quality of life.

The city is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that functions as a system. According to the United Nations report, for the first time in history, more than half of the world's population lives in cities, which will reach 70% in 2050. Urban management is responsible for monitoring, planning and managing the sustainable development of cities. Since top-down urban management in practice has led to many urban problems, and the effectiveness of decision-making patterns has caused the creation of various management approaches; whose purpose is to understand human behavior and change consumption patterns towards more sustainable paths. In our country, urban management has been affected by macro structures and the environment, which has resulted in lagging behind (urbanization) and overtaking (growth) from (urban development). Therefore, the lack of participatory democracy, planning and management, and the lack of coordination of urban plans with construction plans, inattention to the specific conditions and prevailing performance of each city are among the challenges of the current urban planning and management system in Iran. In such a situation, along with the development of metropolises, the cities that host the oil and gas industry, such as the city of Bandar Kangan, also face challenges such as the rapid development of the city, the increase in the cost of infrastructure, the loss of resources, the disproportion of the distribution of uses, the excessive increase in the price of land and housing, and disorder. environmental problems and hundreds of other challenges and has caused weakness in the proper management of the city from (physical, environmental, economic, social-cultural and management-political) aspects; Therefore, urban management can only be managed with a bottom-up planning that firstly enjoys the participation and support of citizens and secondly uses a combination of management approaches in the matter of managing cities and guiding them in the path of sustainability. work successfully. 

This research is developmental in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical and causal-survey method. Collecting information using documentary-library and field method (observation, interview and questionnaire). After extracting and comparing indicators in the approaches of political economy, empowerment, urban democracy, neighborhood-based management, social capital, traditional urban management, NGO, public choice, urban participation, pluralism, integrated urban management, sustainable urban development, good governance and Urban development strategy, important and common indicators in line with the management approaches of urban development were categorized in the form of 5 physical, environmental, economic, social/cultural and managerial/political dimensions. Each of these dimensions has sub-criteria that form the basis of the current research questionnaire. In order to investigate and explain the most important components of effective management approaches in urban development and Analysis the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to realize the desired urban development in Kangan city, factor analysis and SWOT models have been used. In this research, the trustees, experts and citizens of Kangan city are considered as statistical communities. The sampling method was random sampling, and the snowball method was used for statistical communities of trustees (48 people) and experts (90 people), and the sample size of the citizens of Kangan city (382 people) was determined using Cochran's method. 

Analysis of the most effective factors in Kangan city management. In order to identify the underlying dimensions of the research, the factor analysis method was used, which the main management components in the development of Kangan city were prioritized from the point of view of the trustees compared to the research variables, and included factors (physical/economic), (management-political/social), (economic) / social) and (environmental / physical) that these factors explain 56% of the total variance. Analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city by integrating the opinion of the target communities. The results of the SWOT analysis show that there is a gap with democratic citizenship, the effect of sanctions and currency shocks on the city's economy, and the lack of fair provision of services with a score of 0.18 are the most important weaknesses in the system that need to be improved in terms of planning. The impact of the share of oil and the growth of the sales rate and the increase in the level of education and social awareness with a score of 0.22, the role of the government in the economy and funding and investment with a score of 0.21 are the most important opportunities, as well as the effect of financial and monetary policies on the city's economy with a score of 0.24. Paying attention to the rules and management of urban development and not paying attention to demographic characteristics with a score of 0.23 are considered as threat factors against effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city.

In this research, the most important indicators of effective management approaches in the development of Kangan city were examined and explained. In order to find the important factors from the point of view of Kangan city trustees, factor analysis was used, the results show: (physical /economic),(management-political/social),(economic/social)and (environmental /physical) factors respectively have the highest percentage. has allocated the variance. Also, using the SWOT model, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of urban development in Kangan Port were identified. The results indicate that the opportunity points have the highest score of 3.51 and the strengths have the lowest score of 2.38. The results of QSPM also show that providing public benefits and meeting basic needs to increase social justice, coordinating trustees and strengthening integrated management to organize the city in order to achieve urban sustainability, increasing trust and validation to improve adaptability and flexibility, planning the development of the tourism industry to reduce The reliance of Kangan's economy on oil and gas is one of the most effective strategies in the development of Kangan city; Among these strategies, priority is given to managerial/political and economic indicators.

In recent years, resilience has become a fixed concept in the analysis of dynamic systems. Also, this concept is widely used in dynamic spatial systems such as cities. Due to the fact that the urban areas located along the rivers have always been under the threat of flooding; Therefore, this article aims to investigate the resilience of districts 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22 of Tehran municipality located on the river course against floods. The current article is of an exploratory type, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, to collect information from the library and survey method using a questionnaire, and to measure the resilience of selected localities, the factor analysis technique and the T-Test statistical test were performed using the SPSS software. The research findings show that the highest average value of 3.59 is related to the economic dimension and the lowest average value of 3.20 is related to the physical dimension. At the same time, the overall average level of resilience of the neighborhoods located on the rivers in areas 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22 of Tehran municipality is 3.39, a number lower than the theoretical average (4); Also, the findings of the research indicate that from the combination of 46 variables, ten factors have been identified, which explains 70.15% of the variance of the effective factors in the resilience of the neighborhoods located on the rivers in areas 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22 of Tehran municipality. Among these ten extracted factors, the economic and financial factor is the most important, and the first factor, with a specific value of 8.65 has been able to explain 18.81% of the research variance alone. Finally, the result of the present article shows that the physical dimension is very important in the resilience of the neighborhoods located on the rivers in areas 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22 of Tehran municipality; Because six of the ten factors: planning and preparation, recovery and self-organization, compliance with principles and laws, critical infrastructure, fortifications and vulnerability, and access to open and safe spaces and centers related to crisis management, are physical. These six factors together explain and interpret nearly half (49.60%) of all the effective factors in the resilience of the neighborhoods located on the rivers in areas 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22 of Tehran municipality.

The high concentration of people and economic activities in urban areas strengthens the relationship between the city, health and environment. From the point of view of the World Health Organization, a livable city is a city in which, with the continuous creation and expansion of physical, social, environmental conditions and the optimal use of existing resources and facilities, an environment is provided in which the people of the society support each other and participate in the group in doing all Life matters, maximize their capabilities. The foundation of the livable city is based on the principle that health is more than medical care. Healthy environment and community cultivation are also key features. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to identify the various dimensions of livability in the urban areas of Tehran, using the latest statistics and information and the questionnaire tool in the form of 4 components and among the 10 districts of the first district of Tehran, it was studied and the results were evaluated using the factor analysis model. . The results show that the economic and physical components are good predictors for the livability variable.

Religious tourism is one of the most prosperous and diverse types of tourism in the world. And according to the cultural-religious situations, the accessibility of this type of tourism in Iran sets the stage for growth and development among Islamic countries and the world. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey execution method and correlational type, which was carried out by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, the research team consists of 30 experts and university professors who have been selected using a targeted method and snowball technique. Also, in the quantitative stage, the statistical population consists of tourism experts , whose number is 2948 people, and 341 people were selected by simple random sampling to determine the sample size based on the Karjesi and Morgan table. The tools of data collection are interviews, documents and questionnaires, and the fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify and rank the dimensions and components. Also, the exploratory factor analysis method was used to fit the model. Based on the data analysis, the research findings showed. Ten main dimensions: accommodation, transportation, visiting centers, reception centers, stores, environment and energy, travel agencies and tours, security and safety, management and economy, information and communication, are the most important factors affecting the supply chain in Iran's religious tourism industry.

In recent years, the introduction of technology into agriculture has led to a focus on food safety and health. Unfortunately, this has also jeopardized the main goal of food production. As a result, agricultural experts have become aware of the importance of organic farming, and international protocols and contracts have been put in place to address food safety. To better understand the challenges of developing organic agriculture, a study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational method. Agricultural experts from several organizations in Ardabil Province with bachelor's or master's degrees in agricultural engineering were surveyed. The sample size was 171 individuals, randomly selected within the classes. The questionnaire used to collect data was validated by organic product experts and stakeholders and had a reliability score of 0.76 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the analysis revealed three main challenges to the development of organic agriculture: perceptual, informational, and economic. These challenges accounted for 64.28% of the total variance related to organic agriculture development. The study suggested that the development of information for organic product producers is crucial to overcoming these challenges. Providing education to upgrade the knowledge of producers is also essential for the success of organic agriculture development.

Rural women's participation in various rural activities not only enhances their social presence but also contributes to increased income for rural households and improved livelihoods. This research investigates and identifies the influential factors in enhancing women's participation in the rural economy of Shaft County. The descriptive-survey research method is employed, with a statistical population of 66 members of village councils and residents from various villages in the county. The validity of the items, confirmed by experts, exhibits reliability using Cronbach's alpha test, with scores of 0.841, 0.837, 0.871, and 0.78 for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, respectively, indicating a good and acceptable level. Subsequently, through factor analysis utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, the designated items are categorized, and the crucial components for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are identified, comprising 3, 1, 2, and 1 components, respectively. The variance shares of the first to third components for opportunity points are 31.05, 22.33, and 13.564. For weaknesses, the variance share of the only component is 59.154. The variance shares of the first and second components for opportunity points are 32.316 and 29.964. Lastly, the variance share of the single component for threat points is 70.537. The total explained variance for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is 66.943, 59.154, 62.281, and 70.537, respectively. The results highlight that the key factors driving women's participation include a suitable cultural platform, financial support, and the role of women in sustainable development, women's employment in agriculture and related industries for tourism development and environmental conservation, and tourism attractions and handicraft sales. Weaknesses mainly stem from a lack of training, insufficient technical facilities for handicraft production, financial constraints, cultural shortcomings, and underestimation of women's participation. Opportunities focus on surplus production, government support, and the establishment of organizations and cooperatives, alongside increasing literacy levels. Threats are rooted in cultural, economic, and social barriers.

Iran is ranked first as the cheapest tourist destination, 10th as world heritage, and the 26th most beautiful country in the world. however, it has attracted only 0.62 percent of tourist arrivals and 0.53 percent of the amount spent by international tourists in 2019. Also, an annual growth of about 30 percent in tourist arrivals is necessary to achieve the goal set in the 7th Development Plan of IRI. For extracting the effective criteria, proposing the structural equation model for tourist attraction, and examining the difference between the existing and the desired states of the identified criteria, a questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of tourists who were on flights leaving Iran after visiting (Convenience sampling). The data obtained from 143 questionnaires was analyzed using the factor analysis method. Ten criteria were identified as a result. Controlling these ten criteria leads to fulfilling 60 percent of tourists' desires. Then, the structural equation model of the relationship between the criteria was designed and fitted using structural equation modeling. Finally, a gap analysis was performed. It was found that there is a significant difference between the desired and the existing states of seven out of ten criteria, and the existing state of these seven criteria is lower than expected (desired) by foreign tourists. With 99 percent confidence, the fitted model shows the direct significant relationship and the strong effect of the identified criteria with/on the selection of Iran as a tourist destination.

In recent years, the quantitative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the watershed using mathematical indices has been widely performed for several purposes, especially to assess the flood risk potential of drainage basins. Morphometric studies in the field of hydrology were first initiated by Horton and Strahler in the 1940s and 1950s, respectively. Their goal was to study the important characteristics of river flow and distinguish them from other measurable characteristics of river flow. One of the first morphometric properties of the river that became quantitative was the hierarchy of different parts of the flow. Later, researchers in other parts of the world, due to the importance of this issue, performed much research in this field. This region has always suffered significant damage due to flooding. The lack of flow measurement stations on the rivers has made the need for mathematical models necessary to study the flooding status of the region. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the morphometric parameters and their relationship with the region's flooding, and provide mathematical models for flood study using factor analysis.

In this research, to study the flood of the watersheds of Kurdistan province and its relationship with morphometric indices, first, the boundaries of the selected watersheds were determined using topographic maps and ARC GIS 10.5 software. Morphometric indices were calculated for all studied basins. In the next step, the normality of the data was investigated. To evaluate the normal distribution of the data, the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. In the third step, the return periods were determined based on the instantaneous flood peak data using probability distribution functions. In the fourth step, factor analysis of the variables was carried out.

Investigating data adequacy is the first step in factor analysis. Therefore, first, the adequacy of the data was investigated. Considering that the obtained coefficient is higher than 0.60 (0.634), the data adequacy is acceptable for factor analysis. After determining the adequacy of the data, the data sharing was investigated and the data sharing table was extracted. The area variable has the highest commonality with other variables, which is about 97%, and then the length variable of the basin. Among the variables, the branch ratio variable has the least commonality with other variables. In the next step, the variance of the data was investigated and its table was drawn. According to the obtained data, the main variables were combined and categorized into three main and important factors. In the following, because the factors explain most of the variance of the variables, they were rotated. To make it more interpretable and better separation, the factors were rotated using Varimax rotation. After the rotation, the variables have formed a new structure by being placedin one of the three specified factors. Each variable is placed in one of the three specified factors according to its factor load, in such a way that each variable is assigned to one of the three main factors according to its highest factor load.Using exploratory factor analysis, the hidden factors in the 12 studied variables were extracted and three factors underlying the 12 studied variables were identified. Based on the results of this analysis, five variables of basin area, basin length, flow length, texture ratio, and drainage density are in the first factor. Five variables of elongation coefficient, basin shape, form coefficient, circularity coefficient, and compression coefficient are placed in the second factor, and two variables of stream frequency and branch ratio are placed in the third factor. Therefore, a name is chosen for each of the extracted factors, and other analyses are performed using these three new indicators. These three indices were named according to the variables of each factor in three variables: area, shape, and stream. Examining the collinearity of the data showed that the variables have suitable collinearity for modeling. As a result, regression analysis was performed. Because the calculations were done for more than one variable, multivariate regression analysis was used. In this study, discharge with return periods above 10 to 200 years was considered as the dependent variable, factor indices were obtained from factor analysis as independent variables, and a regression model was extracted for each of the mentioned return periods. The results showed that the models presented for higher return periods have a higher coefficient of determination (R2) and can predict floods with more confidence.

As a result of factor analysis, 12 variables were placed in three main factors, whose eigenvalues are greater than 1. These three factors include 78% of the data variance. However, the highest percentage of total explained variance is related to the first component, which is named area. This factor includes 35.369% of the total variance. Among the investigated variables, area, basin length, and stream frequency are the most effective variables in flood occurrence with 0.968, 0.963, and 0.838, respectively, and the branch ratio variable has the least effect with 0.359. After extracting the indices obtained from the factor analysis (indexing) using multivariate regression analysis, correlations were performed to the indices and the return periods above 10 to 200 years. Finally, for each of the return periods, a model for flood forecast was prepared. Examining the R2 of the models showed that with the increase of the return period, the value of this coefficient increased, which shows that the models created for higher return periods are more reliable and can predict floods more accurately.

The truth of livability considering that it refers to the degree of providing the necessities of a society based on the needs and capacity of the people of that society for the growth and development of rural settlements, or in other words, livability promotes quality of life and development of the concepts of the quality of people's living environment so that it provided the best ways of life for them. The present study was conducted to identify and explain the factors affecting the livability of rural settlements using the method of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficient as a survey method. In this research, 6543 heads of rural households in the city of Ilam were surveyed to identify and explain factors contributing to rural settlements' livability. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 363 people, and the sample was selected randomly and the quota sampling method. In this study, a questionnaire was exerted, experts confirmed content validity, and reliability was verified by a pre-test and Cronbach's alpha of 0.864 percent.The results show that the social dimension with a correlation coefficient of 780/. and the explanation coefficient of 66.73%, the economic dimension with a correlation coefficient of 0.593 and the explanation coefficient of 73.66%, the physical dimension with a correlation coefficient of 587. and the explanatory factor of 68.12% and the environmental dimension with a correlation coefficient of 0.585 and an explanatory factor of 23.23% affect the livability of rural settlements in Ilam Township. The results also show that the most important factors affecting livability in the social dimension are working groups with 0.782, in the economic dimension the existence of savings and the appropriateness of living expenses in the village with 0.897 and 0.854, in the physical dimension access to service uses at the regional level with 821. 0 and in the environmental aspect, the lack of houses in the flood path is 0.794.

Identifying homogeneous climatic zones plays an important role in the success of regional development programs. The climate system is composed of various elements, factors, and variables that together form the climatic components of a region. Multi-characteristic and multivariate methods can combine and overlap the types of elements and variables effective in constructing the climate with appropriate weights in the climatic zoning area. In the present study, climatic zoning of the Caspian region was performed using factor analysis and cluster analysis. For this purpose, a 30*30 matrix consisting of 30 meteorological stations and 30 climatic and environmental variables was formed. The results of factor analysis showed that the climate of the region is affected by 5 factors including precipitation-humidity, temperature, wind, sunlight, and environmental factors. These factors explained a total of 92.5% of the variance of the data. Then, cluster analysis was performed by the hierarchical integration method of Ward on the five mentioned factors. The results showed four climatic zones including humid, semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid in the study area.

Considering the increase in the population of Qazvin city in recent years as well as the traditional view of its residents, the need to study the quality of urban space based on gender differences is very noticeable. Because not paying attention to this basic factor in the process of urban development will lead to many problems in the future, the negative effects of which will prevail in urban spaces for a long time.

This research was conducted with the purpose of identifying the factors affecting the quality of urban spaces and the extent of the effects of these factors.

The research method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and the studied population is the citizens of Qazvin City, with a population of 485,488 people, and as a result, the required sample size was determined to be 390 people using Cochran's formula.

Geographical Context: 

Qazvin, as a historical city whose urban spaces have not been paid much attention, is the subject of this research.

Based on the analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaire using the factor analysis method, 28 components affecting the quality of urban spaces and the importance of each of these components were grouped and determined in the form of five main environmental, social, safety, physical and spatial factors. In the following, to measure the difference in men's and women's views on the factors affecting the quality of urban spaces, a two-sample independent t-test was used at the 95% confidence level. Spatial, security and social factors of this difference of opinion are evident.

Considering that there is a difference in the views of women and men in space, safety and social factors, and women are more sensitive than men, it is suggested that effective measures be taken in these areas so that citizens can use public spaces more.