جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Karaj Metropolis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The justice-oriented city has emerged with the rapid growth of urbanization, and its physical manifestations begin with the concepts of unequal access to urban services, social, cultural, political and economic capitals, etc. The emergence of risk-taking models with different natural and human contexts in cities has brought the discussion of resilience into the scope of urban concepts. The purpose of the current research is to explain spatial justice in physical resilience of District 6 of Karaj metropolis. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and using Smart PLS model and Spss software based on documentary-field data. The results show the fact that there is little relationship between the population dispersion and the distribution of urban services in the studied area. The results of the Kolmogrof-Smironov test and the normality of the data distribution, from the one-sample T-test (T-test) in Spss software, in improving the physical resilience of the area, considering the realization of spatial justice and considering that the coefficient The significance (sig) calculated for the research indicators at the confidence level of 95% (less than the permissible level) is -5%, it can be stated that these indicators are against the physical resilience of the range with the Realization of spatial justice is not at a suitable level. According to the result obtained from the Smart PLS model, the fit of this model is confirmed by using the SMRM test, and the research indicators are ranked and shows a suitable pattern for improving the current situation and reaching the desired situation.

Throughout history, nature has always exhibited its harsh face to human beings via destructive phenomena like avalanches, floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. These disasters and dangers are part of life, always threatening humankind. With the human societies’ intellectual growth as well as the understanding of the causes of accidents, human being strived to find ways to deal with and reduce risks.Given its proximity to the active fault in the north of Karaj metropolis (Iran) and its unbalanced development, as well as its migrability, this city has old, worn-out, and marginalized structures, particularly in the areas adjacent to its potential northern fault.In recent years, the establishment of crisis management support bases has been placed on the agenda of the metropolises’ organizations for crisis prevention and management. One of the significant things prior to establishing these bases is to study, check, and select the suitable geographical location for establishing this type of application. This is an applied research in terms of purpose, carried out by descriptive-analytical method.In the present research, it is tried to examine the effective factors and criteria to identify the suitable place for the establishment of the central crisis management support base in city of Karaj through using the available resources.The current research is mainly aimed at investigating the feasibility of establishing a central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis and selecting the most appropriate place to establish this base.This study seeks to answer the questions below:1- What are the effective parameters and factors of location to optimally select the location of the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis?2- Where is the most suitable place to establish the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis?

In the present study, we were aimed at finding the best location for establishing the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis.Initially, the current situation of Karaj metropolis was investigated from the physical and social viewpoints. Subsequently, using library studies as well as the crisis management experts and scholars’ opinions, the factors and parameters effective in the optimal location of the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis were identified. Moreover, the privacy and criteria for each of the identified layers in locating the bases were considered to accordingly identify the appropriate locations for the establishment of the central crisis management support base in Karaj.Furthermore, AHP model was employed to specify each of the criteria’s importance and value and effective elements in decision-making; the weight of each of the decision elements was also determined by Hierarchical Analysis Process method and Expert Choice software. Finally, combining the layers led to obtaining the general location map of the central crisis management support bases in Karaj metropolis.

After specifying the effective natural and human criteria, these criteria were weighted through using the pairwise comparison technique (analytical hierarchy process/AHP) and the Expert Choice software.In the following step, all information layers were combined in the Geographical Information System (GIS) and the location map of the central crisis management support base in Karaj was classified into five classes (strongly suitable, suitable, medium, unsuitable, and strongly unsuitable) and five positions were introduced as the recommended places to establish this base.The eastern region of Karaj was classified in the unsuitable to medium range in terms of creating the crisis management support base.The base location is among the considerable important parameters in the location of bases. The base location should be located in the geometric center of the region so that it is quickly and easily accessible throughout the region.

According to the expert opinions and reviewing the available documents and studies, the following five criteria were determined to select the ideal location: Road access network Gravity and geographic centrality Land with a larger and more appropriate area (more than 2000 m2) Distance from the fault Proximity to the hospital Besides, using AHP method, after determining the hierarchy levels including the purpose, criteria, and options, a pairwise comparison between the sets was performed for weighting. The criteria were compared two by two according to the purpose, and pairwise comparisons were performed based on the 1-9 range of scores.The overall comparison of the options was performed with respect to the goal and after weighting all the criteria and options; the comparisons’ results were then presented in the form of weight charts; ultimately, the final location map was determined through selecting the option having the most weight among the five options.Investigation of the five final options based on the determined indicators resulted in the selection of an area near Shahid Kalantari Terminal of Karaj as the best location to establish a support base for the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis.

The rapid development of urbanization in developing countries has led to the emergence of a variety of crises that the issue of planning has become one of the most important challenges facing urban planners and managers. The metropolis of Karaj, as a case study in this study, is a suitable example of cities that in developing countries have put the Western planning model in the form of comprehensive plans or strategic structures on their agenda since 1351. Without its goals and methods, both in content and in the description of services, to meet its local needs. Thus, these plans and programs have so far been acceptable success in solving problems have not affected parts of the city such as rapid transformation and unplanned and explosive growth of the city in the form of urbanization model prior to urban planning, threat of development of construction in agricultural and garden lands, anomalies and Social distortions, declining quality of life, and lack of basic living facilities and services. Considering the concepts of sustainability and the efforts that have been made in the last two decades to improve urban planning and more efficient models, in this descriptive-analytical study with systematic analysis technique, a list of sustainability indicators from reliable sources (World Bank, Commission The United Nations Sustainable Development (UNCSD), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), etc.) were included. Then, using the methodology of "Green Book" (part of the strategic and research program of the Office of Research and Development ORD3) in the United States) and according to the law of renaming the Ministry of Housing (1353), classification and localization of evaluation and management indicators Sustainability of development plans took place. The results of the evaluation based on the content analysis technique show; The description of services urban development plans can be seen, with what content plan has been prepared, are considerable. In addition to the mentioned distance, the theoretical literature of sustainable development has not been well processed both in terms of context and content. Therefore, it is necessary to make a fundamental review in the process of preparing and content of urban development plans as one of the tools to achieve development and formulate a comprehensive development plan by establishing a balance between different dimensions of development.

Security is a concept that finds meaning in urban societies. Without a sense of security, no urban space will be a place for the presence and social interactions of citizens. The purpose of this research is to compare the factors affecting the feeling of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. In this research, after examining the related theoretical bases, the components of "life security, dignity security, financial security" were obtained as indicators affecting the sense of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. whose validity was done by formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens of the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. Kalak has the lowest sense of life security and Islamabad neighborhood has the highest level of security and sense of life security. It should be noted that the highest average rating of the feeling of financial security is related to the neighborhood of Islamabad and the lowest is related to the neighborhood of Kalak. The investigated neighborhoods have significant differences in terms of the importance of life. The highest sense of life safety is related to Islamabad and the lowest is related to Qazalhasar neighborhood.

With the rapid growth of population and urbanization since the last century, the complexity and understanding of the spatial organization of the city, as well as the ability to predict urban events in its spaces, have become difficult and in some cases impossible. Karaj metropolis is one of the major metropolitan areas of Iran that has been experiencing rapid population growth and this has led to complexity of space and consequently to complexity of organization recognition and analysis and its spatial structure and impact of livelihood components. It has become a spatial system. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the role and impact of Karaj's spatial organization on its nuclear viability. The research method is quantitative and descriptive-exploratory. The study area was Karaj metropolis and its main nuclei. The statistical population of this study is citizens living in the sub-nucleus of Karaj. The sample size was 378persons. The data used in this study were collected through library and field research. Data were analyzed using spatial statistics, spatial arrangement, and T-test and Friedman test. The results show that the Karaj metropolitan organization and spatial structure are interconnected and connected to some of the major routes, forming sub-nuclei away from the core and thus transferring the functional and service applications from the center to be the peripheral nucleus. This has affected the viability of the core. Decrease in biodiversity has occurred in different physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions that have affected the environmental and economic aspects less than the other two dimensions, so it can be concluded that the Karaj Spatial Organization has an impact on its viability.

 The water flow that is higher than the river level and penetrates the surrounding lowlands is called flood. In urban environments, due to high human density and its economic importance, the occurrence of floods is important and can lead to a lot of human and financial losses. In the metropolis of Karaj, in the floods that occurred in 2018, in addition to the damage to urban infrastructure, 8 individuals were dead, 10 injured and 12 missing and this phenomenon damaged 40 vehicles as well. Karaj metropolis from a geomorphological point of view, according to the physical characteristics and form of waterways, is characterized by hydrological coefficients of sub-basins, high rock outcrop, and high intensity of storms. Due to the importance of preserving lands and gardens along rivers, and its agricultural status and existence of gardens within its basins, and most importantly, the establishment of Karaj metropolis at the river outlet from the mountains, conducting flood estimation and management and water storage in this basin is necessary.
Therefore, due to the importance of floods in urban issues, a lot of research has been done based on data from 1: 50000 topographic maps and 1: 100000 geological maps, lithology, digital land model, land use, aerial photographs, satellite images and Google Earth in order to obtain flood-prone areas. Therefore, in this study, the hydro-geomorphological features of Karaj metropolitan basins with emphasis on flooding are investigated by estimating and studying the physiographic characteristics of watersheds leading to Karaj metropolis and calculating the probability of floods in different time periods and spatial analysis. In order to manage possible floods, appropriate scenarios and locations should be identified according to the landform characteristics of the basin for storing and maintaining excessive water and floods.

In this research, the research steps are as follows:Required data collection:
Preparation of remote sensing data including: Digital terrestrial model data (altitude, slope and waterway data),
Landsat 8 OLI sensors (land cover data, vegetation density index and FCD index),
Ground data preparation including: Karaj Municipality data (absorption wells, drainage canals and urban lands),
Geological Survey (fault and lithology) data,
Regional water organization data (hydrometry and groundwater),
Meteorological organization data (climate data),
Data from ground observations

 The upstream basins of Karaj metropolis consist of 5 sub-basins named Klak and Hesar (in the east of Karaj metropolis), Azimiyeh, Taleghani, Siah Kalan and Delmbar (in the north of Karaj metropolis). The flow of surface water in the Klak and Hesar basins, which is directed to the Karaj River, and due to the construction of the Karaj Dam upstream of this river, practically possible floods in this basin are directed out of the urban environment by using the mentioned river. Therefore, there are no flood hazards in this basin. However, the northern basins of the city, due to the diversion of all surface water into the urban environment of Karaj metropolis, and the location of this city in its waterway bed, such as Taleghani Street, has faced high flood risks. Therefore, the northern basins of the city have been studied in detail. In Azimiyeh, Delmbar and Taleghani basins, protection measures including diversion canals and water storage ponds have been constructed to control floods, but due to lack of protection and proper management, they have lost their function.
Drainage networks located in the city of Karaj are transferred using two canals and a metro collector, which are located in the bed of the old streams of Kamalabad (Beheshti canal) and Hosseinabad (metro collector). These two old streams have irrigated the lands of Kamalabad and Hosseinabad using the water of Karaj River, so the slope of these canals is from east to west, which collects surface water from the city and through Haftjoye leads to the Shore River.
 The results of flood simulation in different return periods using HecRAS model show that in a 20-year return period, 0.27 cubic meters per second flood is produced in the largest waterway located in Azima, which affects 14 hectares of surrounding land. Also in Taleghani, Siah Kalan and Delmbar waterways, 0.3, 0.58 and 1.91 cubic meters per second of floods are produced, respectively, which affect the area equivalent to 15.82, 22.65, 85.51 hectares of the surrounding lands, respectively. In addition, by using the TOPSIS model and hierarchical weighting systems, the areas with flooding potential were identified. For this purpose, 9 criteria were used and normalized using fuzzy logic model and straight and inverse linear functions, and then using the AHP model, the effective weight of each of them was obtained. The results of zoning show that 56.8% of the area of ​​Karaj metropolis and its upstream basins are exposed to flooding and the potential for flood production, to the extent that north of Karaj and the slopes overlooking the city of Karaj due to he highest slope, height, rainfall and poor in terms of vegetation, are categorized with high and very high flood potential. On the other hand, the southern part of the city, due to the slight slope and rainfall compared to the northern part and the slopes overlooking the city of Karaj, and the density of gardens and vegetation and agricultural lands, has the lowest risk of flooding potential.
With the aim of flood management and by using 14 criteria and a combination of weight assessment (WASPAS) locations to store flood water were identified:  4 locations (end of North Taleghani Boulevard with water storage volume of 4620 meters3, northern part of Azimiyeh slope with 8400 meters3 of water storage, northern part of the Atomic energy street with a storage volume of 8400 cubic meters of water and the northern part of the Epsino Valley with a storage volume of 3000 meters3 of water. Assuming a depth of 2 meters in each of the proposed zones, a total of 20 thousand cubic meters of flood water is self-sufficient through which flood water can be managed. Location of deep and semi-deep well drilling site is another way of managing surface runoff and flood that was located using 10 criteria and MCE model and the result is the identification of 16 sites for construction and drilling of absorption wells. Another measure for surface runoff and flood management is to increase vegetation density. The result of examining the relationship between surface runoff and vegetation density percentage obtained from the FCD distance sensing algorithm, shows that zones with maximum runoff have lower vegetation density. 25% of the area has the most runoff, So, according to the cooficit correlation (%98) between runoff and vegetation density, increasing the area of ​​green space and vegetation density from 25% to 75% reduces the runoff to less than 25 mm which prevents the area from causing floods.

The results show that despite the construction of transmission canals and absorption wells in the city of Karaj, in some northern streets such as Tarbiat Moallem Boulevard, Bouali Gharbi and Nawab Safavi Street located in District 8 of the municipality, as well as Goodarzi and Nedaye Shomali streets in the south, no measures have been taken to control the flood, and due to the impermeability level, heavy rainfall compared to the southern part of Karaj and a steep slope (more than 15%), there are conditions to increase runoff on the street. Also, despite the construction of Taleghani, Moazen and Delmbar canals, which direct the surface water from the Taleghani, Siah Kalan and Delmbar sub-basins to the Beheshti collector, due to the lack of transmission capacity of the artificial canals implanted in at the metropolitan area, excessive surface water enters urban streets and generates floods. In order to manage floods and surface runoff in the city of Karaj, the identification of suitable locations for digging absorption wells and water storage pools has been considred, according to which 16 suitable locations for drilling wells and 4 suitable locations for constructing artificial pools had been identified for storing a total of 36,800 cubic meters of water. Also, increasing the surface infrastructure and vegetation from 25% of its density to 75% will reduce the amount of surface runoff by 75%, which leads to flood management.

One of the basic principles of livability is creating a habitable and safe complex for citizens, which places the possibility of access to suitable housing at the first level of the concept of livability. Housing is considered one of the main spaces of the urban system, whose livability is aligned with urban livability. The aim of the research is to compile a suitable model of housing for urban neighborhoods of the metropolis. Its dimensions, factors and elements should be a guide to reach this pattern. The difference between the present study and other livability studies is in paying special attention to housing from the aspect of livability and also providing a worthy model in this field. The statistical population of the research is Karaj metropolis and other metropolises with the ability to generalize the results. The source of the investigated data is the variables extracted from the studies using the content analysis method, the Delphi method, and a survey of experts. The variables are in the form of 5 dimensions, 24 indicators and 75 sub-indices. The number of indicators examined in this research shows the highest number of indicators that has been done so far in this field. The analysis of the data has been done using the forecasting process and the interaction analysis model in the MICMAC software. Among the advantages of this method, we can point out the possibility of presenting the exact position and effects of the components in the proposed model, which also provides the possibility of drawing the schematic of the model. Brings. The findings indicate that the livable housing model is a combination of elements in 5 dimensions and at the micro level, which consists of three levels of impact (high, medium, low). Each of the levels in the model includes elements and sub-indices that can solve many problems in the housing sector.

 This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social vulnerability of the Karaj district in the descriptive analytical method using the VIKOR model. In this research, sampling of seven neighborhoods of Karaj from the old texture of Karaj was selected on the basis of a detailed design. Based on the Cochran formula, the population size of the sample was determined. Accordingly, in this research, while measuring social vulnerability in targeted areas, firstly, identifying and defining operational indicators that affect the vulnerability of urban neighborhoods. Subsequently, using the survey method and the questionnaire, the required information was collected and then, by using the VIKOR method, the target areas were prioritized and finally analyzed using non-parametric statistics. Accordingly, in this study, while measuring social vulnerability in the results of the research, it showed that the time and place in the area of social vulnerability is very low and the area of Turkabad is in the range of medium vulnerability and the social vulnerability of Sheikh Saadi and Karaj is very high. And Isfahani and Qalamstan neighborhoods with QI = 0 and QI = 883 respectively are close to the ideal model of the VIKOR model, are less vulnerable to social vulnerability indicators. The variables of human and social capacities predict 0.37 the rate of social vulnerability in the studied areas. Therefore, in all targeted neighborhoods, the mentioned indices (P

This study examines the constituent elements of the spatial structure of Karaj metropolis and its relationship with the distribution of the population of this city. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of functional nuclei in the equilibrium or imbalance of the spatial structure of Karaj.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied. The study area was the metropolis of Karaj and its 12 districts. The statistical population of the study was the population of Karaj metropolis. To analyze demographic data and activity dispersion, kernel density and spatial statistics methods including hot and cold spot analysis, general and local Moran analysis, and standard elliptic deviation analysis were used.

The research findings show that the population density is somewhat uniform and, in many areas, and neighborhoods of the city is clustered. While the pattern of dispersion of functional nuclei including administrative, recreational, commercial, public and industrial centers is random and is not dispersed in proportion to the distribution of the population.

The results of analyzing the different dimensions of the spatial structure of Karaj metropolis showed that the patterns of activity distribution are shifting from the centers of primary nuclei to busy and linear centers by changing the spatial relationships and the composition of uses changes in favor of functional nuclei (activity and service centers). has done. This factor has caused a lack of balanced and uniform distribution of urban facilities and services and has upset the balance of the spatial structure.

Informal settlements of Pirahshahr, as one of the components of the physical and spatial structure of the city, face heterogeneous landscape quality. The purpose of this article is to examine the landscape quality of informal settlements in the city from the perspective of stakeholders.This research has been carried out in the Chahar Hesar neighborhood of Karaj metropolis. The present research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical method. The required data were collected using library studies, field studies and a researcher-made questionnaire.. The obtained data have been quantitatively analyzed by examining the correlation relationship (Pearson correlation) between the independent variables and the dependencies defined using SPSS software. Statistical population includes stakeholders (residents, businesses and local communities in the neighborhood of Khat Chahar Hesar in Karaj metropolis and urban management).The statistical sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula and the error level of 5% was 384. The components and variables used in the research are readability, acceptability, vitality, individuality.The test results show that the factors of readability, acceptability, vitality, individuality, have a significant relationship in the landscape quality of the study area. The readability variable is more intense than the other variables; the most readable effects are in the items X7 (symbolism), X8 (resolution), X9 (night lighting) and X10 (visual unity) and In total, the resolution weight of 0.741 and symbolism with regression weight of 0.741 have the greatest impact on the quality of the urban landscape. The variability of readability and the variable of acceptance directly affect the quality of landscape and two variables (vitality and individuality) have an indirect effect on the quality of landscape in the study area.

Today, in view of the growing population and population density in urban areas, especially in densely populated and susceptible cities, the need for an inclusive and comprehensive approach to natural disasters and disasters caused by their occurrence has become more evident . Focusing more than the size of the population in specific urban areas, lack of preventive planning and lack of readiness to deal with accidents such as earthquakes, is a very serious and important threat to citizens and the survival of the city. The capital city of Karaj, as one of the major cities in Iran, has a high risk of earthquakes due to the presence of several active faults inside and outside it. Accordingly, investigations of the seismic vulnerability of this city are one of the necessities of Karaj city management. Regarding this, the metropolis of karaj was selected as the study area. The method of research and analysis of information collected based on database-based methods using the ELECTRE FUZZY model and Criteria for building materials, number of floors, quality of buildings, population density, building density, area of parts, width of passageways, geology, distance from faults, distance from medical centers, distance from public space, distance from urban facilities and travel compatibility for research purposes Were used. The results indicate that 6, 8, 1, and 7 areas of Karaj municipality are vulnerable to earthquake, so that more than 70 percent of Karaj city is vulnerable to earthquake vulnerability on low and low floors and Only about 20% of the city of Karaj due to its proximity to the fault and the high density of population, construction and ... is in high and high risk areas. According to the principles of urban planning, the regulations of 2800 can cover earthquake damage in these areas.

Cities are the most important centers of human settlements and Center of civilization, Growth and development. Rapid population growth and consequently uncontrolled physical expansion of cities, is causing a variety of chemical, noise, visual pollution, and the types of land prices and environmental crises and etc, that these attitudes necessary preparatory spatial planning for the metropolitan area requires. Karaj metropolis with high population growth rates and increasing physical development in recent decades has been faced with numerous problems that need to perform a comprehensive review of urban and physical planning and demands for this metropolis. One of the basic and necessary steps for urban physical planning is assess the physical suitability of land for physical development. this article is aimed using 7 seven criteria including geology, earthquake acceleration of gravity, slope, distance from river, Distance from city, distance from faults, land use and using fuzzy logic integrated with GIS, land suitability for physical development of Karaj metropolis and the surrounding land is assessed and modeling. Results in terms of land suitability maps of zone classification showed that about 63 percent of the land areas of the settlements have been developed in good and very good suitability. Also, about 24 percent of the area of physical development in areas with low and very low suitability occurred. Results of the model provided is good tools for policy makers, urban planners and decision makers.