جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Tourism Destination » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Tourism is a leading industry in the world that while developing a lot, has a great impact on countries and paying attention to its development criteria can improve the situation of tourism destinations, meanwhile branding plays a vital role for tourism growth.  Tourism destination branding includes a set of activities and programs that give nature to the tourism destination and differentiate it and strengthen the emotional connection between the tourist and the tourist destination. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of tourism criteria from the perspective of citizens and to determine the tourism brand of Shahroud from the perspective of elites; The present research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is by documentary and survey methods with a statistical population of 30 people as a sample of tourism experts that after review, criteria in four dimensions of physical, economic and infrastructure symbols, cultural and social perspective and selection and weighting of indicators based on AHP done. In the other part, a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.893 and a statistical sample of 384 people based on the Cochran's formula, the effectiveness of tourism criteria according to people's opinion was analyzed with SPSS software.  The research area of Shahroud city is with an area of 51419 square kilometers. The research findings show that tourism in Shahroud is not in a good condition and is not at an acceptable level. Welfare and accommodation places were selected as Shahroud tourism brand.

the objective of this study is to identify, identify, and prioritize the most important factors and components for planning and developing Islamic destinations by examining and reviewing research conducted in this area using a qualitative meta-analysis approach. A secondary objective of this study is also to provide a conceptual model for the process of Islamic destination planning and development.

Design/methodology/approach:

 This study is a documentary research, and by its methodological approach, it belongs to the category of qualitative research. The statistical population included all available articles published in Persian and English journals until the end of 2022 and 1401 AH and relevant scientific databases were used for sampling.

The most important factors that affect the planning and development of Islamic destinations and their prioritization include the four factors of services, access, environment and communication and 16 components related to these factors.

it is possible to generalize the proposed process for planning and development of Islamic destinations, including the formation of an inclusive planning task force, the collection of evidence and recognition of the existing situation, the determination of the direction of movement for the destination, the identification of the necessary actions and their implementation, and finally the measurement of the progress of the work and further achievement of the planning goal.

Originality/value: 

Compared to previous studies, applying a meta-analytical approach while forming new ideas for optimal planning can help managers, researchers, etc. to have a proper vision of this growing market as a practical guide.

Today, branding and branding for tourist destinations and attracting the attention and creating the love and interest of tourists in these destinations are considered a strategy for tourist destinations, which plays a vital role in the performance of destination management, to expand their tourism opportunities and differentiate destinations from competitors and finally achieve an advantage. It is competitive. Therefore, this research aims to study the antecedents and consequences of love for the tourist destination brand in the city of Mashhad. The statistical population of this research includes all foreign tourists who travelled to Mashhad during the winter of 2018. A sample of 384 tourists was selected from this unlimited population to collect data using a random method. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and it had acceptable reliability. The research data was collected through a questionnaire and the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation model with the help of SPSS and smart PLS software. The results of the research showed that the tourist's positive experience, the attractiveness of the place and the emotional connection have an effect on the love for the destination brand and are among the antecedents of the love for the destination brand. In this research, the variables of mental image and positive attitude, which were the antecedents, affect the love for the destination brand. did not have. Also, the variable of love for the destination brand affects the variables of word-of-mouth advertising, insensitivity to prices, and emotional commitment, which are the consequences of brand love.

The role of hospitality industry and its link to social - economic development shows that entrepreneurial development in hospitality can be one of the tools of policymakers to achieve economic growth in tourism destinations. Thus, since there are factors and forces on the broader level that influence the development of innovative businesses in the hospitality industry, this industry must be studied from an ecosystem perspective to study the role of these actors in the development of hospitality entrepreneurship. The Thematic analysis was used to analyze data and the data were collected using interviews with 40 experts in hospitality and tourism. The sampling method was purposeful and the theoretical saturation rule was used to determine the sample size. A qualitative coding technique was used to analyze the data. This study identified 14 main elements and 59 sub-elements for the hospitality and tourism entrepreneurial ecosystem which the main elements included "policy", "local culture", "‌variety of capabilities", "training", "human resource", "networking", "knowledge and innovation", "competitive advantage", "institutional capacity", "destination management", "brand management", "rules and regulations", "‌Investment intelligence and financing" and "target market". Moreover, the three-level model of the Hospitality and tourism entrepreneurial ecosystem is presented. Since ecosystems are spontaneously formed in a social-cultural context and the existence of a network of interactions and collaboration among the various elements in the environment, the strengthening of each of these elements will provide an incentive for the development of hospitality and tourism and encourage all stakeholders involved in this area to develop innovative businesses.

In rural areas, Covid-19 has, directly and indirectly, affected all aspects of rural society in the medium and short term. Thus, the economy of the tourist destination villages of Kalat county, which has a lot of dependence on tourism, has faced a severe recession due to the impact of Covid-19 and has been severely damaged. In general, based on the initial exploratory studies of the economy, these tourist destinations have faced the following problems:A) Decrease in tourism demand: Due to the impact of Covid-19, the number of tourists entering the rural tourism destinations of Kalat county has decreased significantly. The average annual number of tourists in Ortakand village has decreased from 200 thousand people to 10 thousand people, in Baba Ramzan village from 20 thousand people to 4 thousand people, and in Abgarm village, from 40 thousand people to less than 20 thousand people after the outbreak of Covid-19 which has created many problems for the economy of these villages. 
B) Decrease in the income of the tourism sector: Due to the decrease in tourism demand, we are witnessing a decrease in money coming to tourism destinations and a decrease in the direct and indirect income of activists of the tourism market in the villages of tourism destinations, so that in the village of Ortakand, the income of those working in the tourism sector has decreased by about 90%. Before Covid-19, the people of this village earned money by selling livestock, and agricultural and horticultural products, as well as through supermarkets and renting resorts to tourists. Also, before the outbreak of Covid-19 in Baba Ramzan village, 90% of dairy products, 80% of handicraft products of the villagers, as well as other products of the village such as gardens, agriculture, livestock, fisheries, medicinal plants and rice were bought by tourists, but after the outbreak of Covid 19, The income that the people of this village earned from the sale of these products has decreased by 85-90 percent. 
C) Increase in unemployment: The decrease in tourism demand has caused a decrease in job opportunities in tourism destinations and the unemployment of many tourism activists in rural areas. After covid-19, those villagers who have been active in the tourism sector, such as eco-tourism resorts, guest houses, renting beds and gazebos, selling agricultural, garden, livestock, dairy products etc., due to the lack of tourists, have faced unemployment. So 80% of people in Ortakand village, 30% in Baba Ramzan village and 20% in Abgarm village have become unemployed due to the spread of Covid-19.
D) Inefficiency of investments: After Covid-19, due to the decrease and absence of tourists, the investments that some people in these villages had made in the tourism sector, such as eco-tourism resorts, beds and gazebos, supermarkets, etc., which has often been by obtaining facilities, but has remained without returns, which, in addition to the problem of unemployment, has made it difficult for these people to repay these facilities.
According to these, the research question is raised as follows: To what extent has the spread of Covid 19 affected the economy of the tourism target villages of Kalat County?

The research method is descriptive-analytical and of the type of applied-developmental research. In this study, eight tourism destination villages in Kalat Naderi County were identified and studied with the help of field and documentary studies. The impact of Covid-19 on the economy of tourism destination villages was quantified based on the Likert scale and under the three components of employment, investment and income with the help of 19 indicators. The research tool was completed with the help of 22 experts from tourism destination villages. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using 19 indicators, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was favorable with a value of 0.9.

With the spread of Covid-19, rural tourism destinations have faced many economic problems. Since these villages get a large part of their income from the tourism sector, they faced unemployment after the spread of Covid-19, and finally, the economy of these villages faced stagnation. According to the obtained results, it can be said that Covid-19 has had many negative effects on the economy of tourist villages. The results showed that the average impact of Covid-19 on the economy of tourist destination villages was 3.68 on the Likert scale. Also, the impact of Covid-19 on income, with an average of 3.8, is higher than on investment, with 3.54 and employment, with 3.53. Obviously, the income from the tourism sector has decreased greatly due to the sharp decrease in the number of tourists. Also, the average impact of Covid-19 on the economy of all the studied tourism target villages was higher than 3. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the average effects of Covid-19 on the economy of the studied villages after the outbreak of Covid-19 compared to before, and the average of the investigated variables has decreased significantly after Covid-19. So that in the villages of tourism destinations, there has been a decrease of 19,941 tourists per year compared to before the outbreak of Covid-19. This situation has caused an average decrease of 31 direct businesses and 44 indirect businesses active in tourism, 47 direct and 77 indirect employees and 1.5 eco-tourism resorts compared to before the outbreak of Covid-19 in each of the tourism destination villages.

Urban furniture is one of the attractions and welfare facilities that are basically developed to serve the citizens, and the use of these facilities by tourists can help their continuation and provide reasons for the development of tourism in those cities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of urban furniture in choosing a tourist destination with the case study of Taleghan Township.

The research is of descriptive and analytical type and was done in library and field method. The statistical population is tourists entering the region and according to Cochran's formula,384 people were randomly selected. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed and statistical tests of T-Tech and SPSS software have been used to analyze the data.

The results of the research show that urban furniture and the provision of appropriate and high-quality urban services play a very important role in choosing a tourist destination and creating satisfaction among tourists entering tourist destination cities. In connection with Taleghan Township, this city can increase its attractiveness by reviewing the organization of urban furniture and targeting the placement of urban furniture in order to increase the attraction of tourists, and in order to create an attractive environment, it can improve its tourism status in the region.

Today, one of the attractive destinations for tourists are small towns, which are taking the form of tourism development in various dimensions in such cities. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of attracting tourists to tourism destinations in small cities, examining the quality of environmental services is of great importance in the process of attracting tourists. The quality of provided services has a direct impact on attracting tourists.Strengthening infrastructure, preserving landscapes and the environment, and framework reconstruction improve the appearance and small towns’ image from the perspective of tourists and strengthen the quality of the environment to attract tourists.

This research’s approach is descriptive-analytical. Library method and field studies have been used to collect information. The main data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The tools for measuring and analyzing the data are statistical methods (parametric and non-parametric) and SPSS software. Cochran's formula was used to determine the number of samples and 200 people were interviewed as statistical samples. The variables used in this research are: environmental quality components (independent variable) which include physical-environmental, socio-cultural, structural-functional, managerial components and the dependent variable of this research is tourist attraction.     

Since the attraction and loyalty of tourists to the tourism destinations is highly dependent on their satisfaction with environmental conditions and quality, through the T test, we examine the extent and intensity of the impact of the four components of environmental quality on tourist attraction. According to the average of numerical desirability in the studied components (number 3), the majority of the studied items have an average higher than the desirability. Due to the significant level at the alpha level of 0.05, all indicators have direct effects on tourist attraction and this point also has an effect on tourist satisfaction. Data analysis of Table shows that the physical-environmental component (with an average of 4.14) has the highest average percentage among the four components and social, cultural and managerial, functional-structural components are in the next ranks.The greatest impact on the rate of tourist attraction in the study area is in the physical-environmental dimension, the second rank belongs to the socio-cultural component and the least impact on the tourist attraction belongs to the components of urban management.The greatest impact on the rate of tourist attraction in the study area is in the physical-environmental dimension and the second rank belongs to the socio-cultural component and the lowest impact on the tourist attraction belongs to the components of urban management.In order to measure the importance of dimensions and components of environmental quality, stepwise regression was used. The results of stepwise regression analysis show that the physical-environmental component with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.848 has the greatest impact on tourist attraction in the area.

The choice of urban tourism destinations by tourists is influenced by various factors, one of the most important of which is the role of environmental quality factors that guide tourists in choosing a tourist destination to small towns.In this study, an attempt was made to explain the role of environmental quality in attracting tourism to tourism destinations in the small town of Color in Ardabil province.According to the obtained results, it can be said that the components of environmental quality are effective in introducing and attracting tourists, and the set of components of environmental quality provide the basis for tourists' satisfactionThe results showed that tourists in the level of alpha 0.05 have been satisfied with the environmental quality of tourism in the city in all areas and most of it is related to the physical-environmental component with an average of 4.14 and socio-cultural, managerial and functional-structural components are in the next ranks, Therefore, it can be said that the physical and environmental factors of the tourist destination, which have the components of quality of space and tourism facilities, weather conditions, green space, visual beauty, have had a significant impact on attracting tourists in the small town of Color. The physical components of the environment can provide a competitive environment for choosing a tourist destination in this city. Significant regression results also showed that the physical-environmental component with a beta coefficient of 0.183 is more effective in attracting tourists than other components. As a result, it has the necessary explanatory power over other variables.percentage among the four components and social, cultural and managerial, functional-structural components are in the next ranks.The greatest impact on the rate of tourist attraction in the study area is in the physical-environmental dimension, the second rank belongs to the socio-cultural component and the least impact on the tourist attraction belongs to the components of urban management.The physical-environmental component has a significant effect on tourist attraction. This effect is also evi In order to measure the importance of dimensions and components of environmental quality, stepwise regression was used. The results of stepwise regression analysis show that the physical-environmental component with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.848 has the greatest impact on tourist attraction in the area. Has been studied. Dent in the value of the standardized beta coefficient.

 

Branding is one of the strategic tools to differentiate a product in a competitive market. The aim of present study is to the Model Design Sports Tourism Destinations Branding in North area of Alborz province. Population of study consists of all domestic and foreign sport tourists in North area of Alborz province, The sample size is 384 and using Cochran formulae To obtain sample size. This study, in terms of target, applicable and based on collection data, descriptive survey. As well as, from the Spss 16 and Lisrel 8.5 software’s different methods of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data and test hypotheses have been used.The required data for this study with available random sampling method from Sports tourists in North area of Alborz province and is collected by questionnaire instrument. The results indicate that the tourism services quality on brand image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, tourist loyalty and brand equity has a significant and positive impact. brand image on perceived value and brand equity has a significant and positive impact. perceived value on tourist satisfaction and brand equity has a significant and positive impact. the impact of tourist satisfaction on brand equity is positive and significant. Based on findings, except for eighth hypothesis(impact of satisfaction on tourist loyalty) and Twelfth hypothesis(impact of tourist loyalty on brand equity), other hypothesises were confirmed. It was determined that the relevant variables play an important role in sports tourism destination brand equity of North area of Alborz province. As well, except the mediating role of tourist loyalty in the between tourism services quality and brand equity, the mediating role of brand image ,perceived value and tourist satisfaction in the between tourism services quality and brand equity was confirmed. According to the analysis, the results and suggestions were presented. Keywords: Branding, Tourism, Tourism Destination, Sports Tourism, Alborz Province.

         Today, tourism is one of the most important and effective economic issues and is one of the prominent factors of communication, social and cultural in the world.  So that the number of international incoming tourists in the world was 1.235 million, the industry accounts for 7% of global exports worth $ 1.4 billion, directly or indirectly accounting for about 10 percent of the world's gross domestic product. It accounts for one in 10 tourism industries, supporting approximately 227 million jobs worldwide (UNWTO,2017:3). Today, tourism, as a dynamic economic approach with unique features, has become one of the largest and most profitable industries in the world economy and is known as a platform for social and economic change in many developing countries (Ahmadi,2018:80). Given the growing importance of tourism in today's world and the competitiveness of the tourism market around the world, tourism destinations are increasingly competing with each other to attract tourists (Ghaffari and Mam Ramezani,2019:102). Bran and branding for tourism destinations is a factor that can be used to differentiate destinations as well as achieve competitive advantage (Ghaffari et al,2018:98). One of the most important and important sectors that has the potential to become a cross-cutting sector in the tourism industry is sports, which is called sports tourism (Mirabadi et al,2019:66). Today, the tourism industry is considered a sport, including high-paying industries, and at the same time it is considered healthy and clean for the economy of any country (Pashaie et al,2019:57). In addition, given that sports tourism is a service industry and is mainly influenced by the quality of services provided, the quality of service delivery is also considered as a key concept in tourism organizations (Kozechian et al,2012:20). Therefore, quality management is one of the important issues in tourism policy, which can be addressed in the development of tourism and sports tourism and benefit from its benefits (Andam et al,2014:17). Due to the importance of the brand in tourism destination, and that Alborz province is one of the powerful destinations in the field of tourism and sports tourism, It is possible to develop all kinds of sports tourism, including mountain-water sports, skiing, etc., and according to the presence of federations and sports delegations and the facilities available in the province, can become a major hub for sports tourism. Also, measures should be taken to obtain the satisfaction of tourists who travel to this province and they will remember this province with lasting and desirable memories, and this will be achieved through the provision of high quality services, standard facilities and infrastructure. According to what has been said, this research seeks to answer the question of what is the appropriate model for branding sports tourism destinations in the northern region of Alborz province?

       This study, in terms of target, applicable and based on collection data, descriptive  correlational and is specifically based on structural equation modeling. In this research, using from the Spss 16 and Lisrel 8.5 software’s different methods of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data and test hypotheses have been used. The statistical population of the study is all domestic and foreign sports tourists who traveled to the northern region of Alborz as a destination for sports tourism. Since the present study is a survey type, standard questionnaires have been used to test the initial data to test the hypotheses. This questionnaire has 42 questions and the research questionnaire has been compiled in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. To validate the validity of the present questionnaire, the content validity and structure were examined. In order to investigate and validate the content narrative, the questionnaire was first given to a number of professors and researchers in marketing and tourism, and they were asked to apply their corrective comments. With the implementation of these amendments, the final version of the questionnaire was prepared and thus its content validity was confirmed. Then, in order to investigate the construct validity of the present questionnaire, the factor load related to the questionnaire questions was calculated to remove the questions whose factor load was less than 0.5 from the final analysis. Fortunately, factor load all questionnaires questions were more than 0.5, so none of the questions in the questionnaire were removed and all the questions in the final analysis were used. 

          In order to use LISREL software, it should be noted that path analysis in this software produces adaptive indicators that are acceptable in a certain range and its results can be cited. The first indicator of the Normed Chi-square Index is obtained by dividing X2/df. Values less than three are considered very desirable for this criterion. High values of 0.9 for indicators (GFI, CFI, IFI, NNFI) indicate that the model has a good fit, and if the P-Value is less than 0.05, it is considered acceptable. In addition, the RMSEA index is less than 0.1. Also, the RMR index is 0.032, which is smaller than the critical value of 0.05, so the research model has a good fit.

          As stated in the first to fifth hypotheses tourism services quality on brand image, perceived value, brand equity, satisfaction and tourist loyalty has a significant and positive impact. Therefore, it is recommended that: 1- Immediate service delivery, speeding up the provision of services as well as timely and appropriate response to tourists are other strategies that will improve the mental image of tourists.2- In order to increase the perceived value of tourists, other promotional tools such as advertising and news interviews should be of special importance to the general public and tourism destination managers and try to implement them more vigorously. In other hypotheses, it was found that brand image, perceived value and tourist satisfaction on Tourism destination brand equity has a significant and positive impact. Therefore, it is recommended: 1- To increase the credibility of the tourism destination, to create a brand, One way to increase the credibility of a tourist destination before dealing with tourists is through television advertising (branding). 2- Provide sufficient funding to provide appropriate facilities and equipment for the tourist destination, as well as coherent planning for the development of guidelines and standards required for the proper implementation of plans to create an appropriate mindset in the minds of tourists.

Tourists' perception of the personality characteristics of a destination is one of the most important factors that influence their choice of destination. But despite the importance of this issue, identifying the personality traits of the country's tourism destinations and creating a unique identity for them has rarely been the focus of tourism studies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the most important personality traits of Guilan province as one of the most popular tourism destinations in the country, using qualitative research and content analysis method. In the first part, through conducting semi-structured interviews with 11 experts in the fields of tourism and marketing and analyzing the content of interview data and encoding them, 55 personality traits were identified and then 65 personality traits from the most researches done for tourism purposes were also added to these. After removing duplicates or unrelated, the list consisting of 102 personality traits was set. Then in the second part of the study, this comprehensive collection of personality traits was provided to another group of tourism, marketing, and psychology experts to select the closest personality traits to describe the province. At this point, those features that earned score 4 and above remained on the list and the rest of the list was removed. At the end of this stage, 16 personality traits remained in the list for describing the Guilan province as a tourist destination, classified according to the similarities and relationships between these features, in three dimensions: unique, warm, and stylish.

Tourism is one of the top industries and income-generating and employment-generating activities in the world and accurate market identification is the key to its development. Although tourism is an international activity, many individuals and organizations in the local or national market are employed in this sector, and as a result, "domestic tourism" has a huge place in the national economic cycle.

Aims and Objective:

In this study, statistical analysis of domestic tourism in Iran and its flows and destinations is studied.

The information of the national tourist survey plan for different years provided by the Statistics Center of Iran, changes in the number of trips and its characteristics collected. To describe the current situation and observe the trend of changes, descriptive statistics, growth rate and trend line charts were used and to predict the number of domestic trips and expenditures and changes in the main destinations of travel, different time series models were used.

The results show that the general trend of domestic tourism in Iran has a positive growth with a gentle slope. Tourism costs are rising steeply and the choice of major travel destinations has changed significantly in recent years. In general, the predominant pattern of domestic tourism is traveling with family, staying at the home of friends and relatives, using a personal vehicle, and being motivated to visit friends and relatives. The highest costs were in the transportation and food sectors, which will not change in the near future. Although the most important tourist destinations have been reported in Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran, Gilan, Tehran and Fars provinces, certain changes have been observed in the choice of destinations by tourists, which can be considered as new destinations such as: Sistan and Baluchestan, Ilam, Bushehr, Yazd and Kerman provinces.

This study aims to the impact of tourism destinations social responsibilities on the their brand equity from domestic tourists’ perspectives in tabriz city has been done in the summer of 2019. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the Smart Pls software to analyze data. The statistical population of this study includes domestic tourism who have traveled to Tabriz city in the summer of 2019.The data required for this research has gathered by questionnaire with Simple random sampling method through domestic tourism in the city of Tabriz. Since the size of the population is unknown, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, which is 384.The provided results indicate that tourism destinations social responsibilities Tabriz city on the their brand equity and each of its dimensions has a significant and positive impact.

This study investigates the impact of a variety of attributes or ‘characteristics’ on the rates charged for hotel rooms in Iran. The aim of this paper is to provide information for tourist destinations through an analysis of the valuation of the location implicit in the price of accommodation. Using OLS model (that is, taking into account that demand valuation can vary along the hotel price distribution), the authors find that huge price differences between 5-star hotels and the rest, is coupled with practically of no difference between 1-star and 2-star hotels. Other attributes with a significant effect on price are towns. With regard to the valuation of location, a hotel in Tehran location is valued much more  at higher percentiles.
The study of hotel-room pricing is complex because of seasonality, different price regimes (full-board, half-board, bed & breakfast), and discounts and supplements on various grounds (additional bed for children, single room, view of the sea, additional room equipment such as air-conditioning, television, or mini-bar).
The value of attributes and characteristics are unobserved, as they are not separately traded in any market. Only the overall prices of hotel rooms, including particular combinations of attributes are observed. Our analysis draws upon the hedonic-prices tradition of fitting statistical models to estimate the effect of attributes on price (early theoretical developments in hedonic prices are those of Lancaster 1966; Rosen, 1974.
 Empirical applications in the tourist sector are found in Andersson, 2010; Chen and Rothschild, 2010; Castro and Ferreira, 2014; and Espinet, Coenders, and Fluvia 2003). The product a given hotel H is offering can be regarded as a set of attributes, which may consist of services (such as swimming pool, garden, television in the room), or characteristics (star category, town, year of first opening, number of rooms, etc):Hi = (qi1, qi2, qi3,…, qik,…, qim ) (1)
Where i= 1 … n represents the hotel and qik (k=1,…, m) each of its attributes.
Thus, the hedonic price function for each hotel is represented as:Pi = P(qi1, qi2, qi3,…,qik,…, qim ) (2)

 This regression model offers us estimates of the homogeneous parameters between individuals and its application is justified by hedonic price theory. In the context of tourism, it is also easy to appreciate that the valuations individuals make of the physical characteristics (destination and time) of their accommodation differ according to their price. That is, it would be interesting to know the behavior of the explanatory variables along the price distribution. For this, an estimator is required that allows heterogeneous responses: the estimator stemming from the linear regression (βi). Furthermore, a median-based estimator is also attractive because it is less sensitive to outliers than a mean-based estimator. Therefore, the bias from unobserved characteristics (quality, renovation) should be smaller.
Dependent variable: Price
The  per night price of a room in the case of hotels and of an entire unit in the case of hotel.
Explanatory variables:- Resort
Esfahan: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the accommodation is located in Esfahan and zero otherwise.
Tabriz: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the accommodation is located in Tabriz and zero otherwise.
Tehran: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the accommodation is located in Tehran and zero otherwise.
Mashhad: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the accommodation is located in Mashhad and zero otherwise, and etc.
- Category
One star: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the hotel is one-star and zero otherwise.
Two stars: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the hotel is two-star and zero otherwise, and etc.
- Type of room (Single, Double and Suite).
Rooms: number of hotel/apartment rooms.
- Swimming pool: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the hotel has a swimming pool and zero otherwise.
- Car park: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the hotel has a car park and zero otherwise.
- Garden/terrace: a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the hotel has a garden/terrace and zero otherwise.

One of the most relevant characteristics ratios of a hotel to its price is star category. Figure 1 clearly shows that the greatest differences in price occur for 5-star hotels, while those with 1 and 2 stars hardly vary. Given the marked differences among the towns under study, the town in which the hotel is situated is another potentially very relevant variable.

This article has identified some variables that affect the price paid by tourists in Iran hotels. The attributes or characteristics that allow hotels to increase price can also be seen as attributes that contribute to the differentiation of their offers.
The use of hedonic functions has allowed us to quantify the effects of each of the significant variables (town, star category, number of rooms, and availability of parking place) on price. Thus, hotel managers can make economic estimates of the impact of decisions concerning changes in these variables. This should make the results very useful to hotel managers, and to a lesser extent, to tour operators and public authorities

Among the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the competitive strength of the firm. Competitiveness of tourism destination is considered as one of the most important types of spatial competitiveness and an endogenous growth and development industry in many cities around the world. Sarein District has a combination of human and natural attractions and is ecotourist with many abilities. So far, various models have been proposed for tourism competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the tourism competitiveness of Sarein region by utilizing and integrating the two Karachi-Richi and Kano models. The research was carried out with a survey of 573 questionnaires among tourists, business people and local people during the period from June 15 to August 15, 1396. The results were analyzed using factor analysis and LISREL software. Findings indicate that among the six indicators in the consolidation model, priority axis resources, destination management, reinforcement factors, policy planning and destination development, tourist’s satisfaction, factors and backup resources are the priorities.

Investigating the newest statistics and information indicates that the annual growth of tourism industry is ascending. in the event that the number of tourists in the year of 2013 with the growth rate of 5%, is equal to 1.780 billion people The purpose of this study is to assess tourists’ satisfaction with performance of dimensions of destination of tourism product & based on the Scio-demographics characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, income, and occupation. This research is based on descriptive-analytic method, and a self-administrated questionnaire was used as a survey instrument. The validity and reliability of the survey instrument were based on two methods, content validity (specialists and experts’ attitudes) and Cornbach’s alpha (α =0.9). In total, 200 questionnaires were distributed among the sample chosen by convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. The results of the comparative analysis indicated that there was no different level of tourist satisfaction based on gender, marital status, and income with the performance of dimensions of Ghorogh Forest Park tourism product. In contrast, there was a significant difference in tourist satisfaction based on age, level of education for destination image, as well as in destination facilities based on occupation. Moreover, the results of the correlative analysis implied that gender, age, marital status, level of education, income, and occupation did not affect the tourists’ satisfaction significantly. The results of this analysis will help decision makers and officials of the Park to enhance tourists’ satisfaction by designing effective strategies. Keywords: Tourism destination, Tourism product, Tourists’ satisfaction, Tourist profile, Ghorogh Forest Park.

Tourism destinations as a place, while providing communication between tourists and the surrounding environment, create different meanings and ideas in their minds. These meanings and mental imagery give an identity to the place and create the sense of place. According to the review of literature, the identity of a place affects the quality of the human-place relationship and the formation of a desirable sense of place and subsequently an individual’s identity. Because the identity of a place originates from individual and community values which over time, deepens, expands and changes. Tourism destinations aim to achieve this feature to create a unique tourist experience. The world is moving ahead with the increasing homogeneity of technology and the process of globalization. Hence, in order to achieve the advantage of a competitive economy, having a distinctive sense of place is more important for cities and countries. Because a destination brand must transfer its sense of place and establish an emotional bond with its audience. There is a sense of place both in the perceptions of foreigners and in the feelings of the inhabitants of that place. If these two inferences are not in relative harmony, the economic performance of that location will not be optimal. Creating a distinction in services and products is one of the key marketing strategies. This will attract consumers and build a long-lasting relationship between the consumer and the brand. Brands play an important role in marketing strategies for tourism destinations and are considered as valuable assets and resources of distinction. In fact, tourism destinations, are trying to find a distinct sense of space to attract maximum number of tourists. This applied research consists of two steps: the first step is considered as the ground for the second stage analysis. In the first step, two actions were taken. First, using the library methodology and documentary studies, the key driver factors for determining the sense of place were extracted from the results of other previous researchers. As the second action of the first step of the study a questionnaire was designed with open-ended questions about the key driver factors of determining the sense of place of the city of Isfahan as a tourism destination. This questionnaire was conducted using the Delphi method and asking experts and the research team to answer three open-ended questions .The experts of this study included 31 qualified academic and executive staff with relevant education and experience. After completing the two rounds of going through the questionnaires, a total of 16 components in three dimensions were agreed upon by the experts and the research team. In the second step, the cross-effects table, consisting of 16 key driver factors was determined as the result of the first round questionnaire analysis. Measuring the impact and effectiveness of all the key driver factors in determining the sense of place related to Isfahan City as a tourism destination was carried out by re-scrutinizing the same community of experts.

Discussion and Results: The "Handicrafts and traditional arts" are of the highest importance among the 16 key driver factors identified in the city of Isfahan. This means that this factor will have the greatest impact and is also affected the most among other factors. Other factors such as "historical attractions", "historical and civilization history", "local culture"," held- events “and "celebrities and devotees attributed to Isfahan" are ranked second to sixth respectively, and have a higher impact among the 16 factors identified.
On the other hand, the drivers such as modern attractions and destination management and planning have a relatively small impact on other factors of their group, which reflects the fact that, creating new attractions in Isfahan as a tourism destination and even a planning system against other factors have less power to create a sense of place for residents and visitors due to its very high historical and cultural importance. The sense of place inherent to the city of Isfahan as a tourism destination, which represents the unique idea of ​​the residents and visitors about this city, consists of three groups of physical, activity and meaningful factors. The recognition of the importance and priority of the sense of place determinants is the most important task of the destination management organizations in the process of branding the destination. Recognizing the right drivers can be a great guide for destination management organizations in destination positioning, and on the other hand, the destination management organization, should not only care about preserving and introducing these key drivers in the destination, but also observe and monitor the impact of these key drivers and how much they are influenced by other drivers.

Extended Abstract: The branding basis for all tourist destinations includes unique environmental characteristics which are also known as Factors of Environmental Quality. The reason why these features are called so is because the optimal quality of such environments will inevitably result in a better appreciation of such destinations which, in turn, will help develop tourism.
Delineating environmental quality as well as branding for rural tourist destinations helps in creating an enjoyable and memorable experience for the tourists. Other consequences which follow include the tourists’ loyalty to a certain destination and, ultimately, the attraction of even more tourists which will lead to a boom in the tourism industry of the region.
Given the importance of this issue, the researchers of this study have endeavored to determine the role of environmental factors in the ethno-cultural area of Oramanat. First, a qualitative content analysis was used to identify environmental factors; then, through correlation analysis, multivariate regression and path analysis, the contribution of each of these factors and its relationship with branding have been determined. Based on the results, the factor of socio-cultural environment has the highest impact of 0.45% (Including direct and indirect), and the natural environment factor had the least effect, i.e. only 0.26%, on the dependent variable (Oramanat tourist destination brand); the institutional, physical and economic factors are also 36/0, 32/0 and 16/0 respectively.
Nowadays, tourist destinations have to compete with other international, national, regional, provincial, municipal and local tourist destinations. The factors of environmental quality, including environmental education, cultural heritage attractions, the infrastructure of tourism and natural resources, have an important contribution to strengthening the competitiveness of the tourist destination. If goods and services are not as optimal in quality as tourists expect them to be, then tourists will visit other centers which provide them with better services.
Human habitats can be the most desirable factor in fulfilling the expectations of people. In other words, if the above-mentioned factors do not have optimal qualities in a certain person’s living environment, then their low qualities will negatively influence that person’s perception of space and his or her ultimate satisfaction with their living environment.
The important issue in planning for rural areas is the improvement of the environmental quality of tourist destinations within the context and framework of sustainable development goals because suitable environments are one of the most important factors for the selection of a tourist destination. These factors can be explained with the help of certain indices. For instance, tourism plans for rural areas should also take into account such other goals as sustainable development of the rural areas as well as the preservation of their natural environments.
The branding basis for all tourist destinations includes unique environmental characteristics which are also known as Factors of Environmental Quality. The reason why these features are called so is because the optimal quality of such environments will inevitably result in a better appreciation of such destinations which, in turn, will help develop tourism.
Delineating environmental quality as well as branding for rural tourist destinations helps in creating an enjoyable and memorable experience for the tourists. Other consequences which follow include the tourists’ loyalty to a certain destination and, ultimately, the attraction of even more tourists which will lead to a boom in the tourism industry of the region.
Unfortunately, the quality of services in rural tourism has often been considered as a hindering issue, and this is not just for tourists, stakeholders or customers; scientists and researchers have also been concerned with this issue and that is why 143 researches have been conducted on this issue between 2005 and 2016.
The concept of quality is closely and inevitably associated with satisfaction. This concept influences and is at the same time influenced by the loyalty of tourists/consumers. The findings of a large number of researchers confirm that this is an important issue. Thus, identifying factors of environmental quality greatly contributes to branding and as well as the marketing and ultimate development of tourism in these destinations.
Keeping this principle in mind that solving any problem requires a comprehensive understanding of the current situation, in this study, we endeavor to contribute to the development of rural tourism as well as its marketing and branding through the assessment of environmental quality factors, and the capabilities and attractions of the villages within study area. Therefore, the researchers of this study sought to identify and validate the factors of environmental quality of the ethno-cultural region of Oramanat in order to help the branding processes for the attractions of this rural area.
Since the present research is originally the continuation of the research processes of the first paper (Published in the Journal of Rural Studies, in the Summer 96), the same content analysis methodology will also be used in this research for the identification as well as the validation processes of the factors and indices of effective environmental quality which are important for the branding of rural tourist destinations.
Due to the nature of the subject matter of this research, its methodology is a combination of several methods which are based on observations, interviews, surveys and statistical data which are taken from the Statistical Center of Iran.
Documentary and survey methods have been used in order to collect information in this research. Qualitative thematic analysis method was initially used in this study. This method is a useful way for the determination, analysis, and reporting of certain patterns in qualitative data. Moreover, this method includes a process through which scattered and divergent data are converted into rich and detailed data. This method used purposeful sampling which included 29 interviews (12 interviews with beneficiary local people and 17 interviews with tourists). The obtained results were then analyzed with MAXQDA software. The researchers then continued to validate the results and increase their reliability with the help of a quantitative method also known as Exploratory factor analysis.
Moreover, the sample population, i.e. people who were asked to complete the questionnaires which were designed based on the results of the analysis of interviews in the previous stages of the study, was considered to include 300 members for each group of participants, i.e. local people and tourists. Needless to say, researchers also took into consideration the fact that some of the questionnaires would probably not be returned to them. That is why the total number of questionnaires distributed among participants was 650. Ultimately, the sample was calculated with the use of the Cochran formula and the result was 372.
In order to evaluate the contribution of factors and environmental quality indicators effective in the branding of rural tourism destinations in Oramanat, the results of the completed questionnaires completed by the respondents were summarized in two steps: First stage - two-variable analysis: In this step, in order to test the research hypotheses, each of the independent variables is two-to-two with the dependent variable (branding for the destination); these variables have been analyzed based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (with respect to the distance of their measurement).
Second Stage - In this step, data analysis is performed as multivariate analysis; the following methods were used: 1. Regression analysis: regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of each independent variable to the dependent variable without considering the priority and delay between them.
2. Route analysis: Route analysis was used to determine the contribution of each of the independent variables to the dependent variable by considering the priority and the delay between them, which means an analysis to determine to what extent each of the independent variables, directly and indirectly, affects the dependent variable of the research.
The branding basis for all tourist destinations includes unique environmental characteristics which are also known as Factors of Environmental Quality. The reason why these features are called so is because the optimal quality of such environments will inevitably result in a better appreciation of such destinations which, in turn, will help develop tourism. Delineating environmental quality as well as branding for rural tourist destinations helps in creating an enjoyable and memorable experience for the tourists. Other consequences which follow include the tourists’ loyalty to a certain destination and, ultimately, the attraction of even more tourists which will lead to a boom in the tourism industry of the region.
Given the importance of this issue, the researchers of this study have endeavored to determine the role of environmental factors in the ethno-cultural area of Oramanat. First, a qualitative content analysis was used to identify environmental factors; then, through correlation analysis, multivariate regression and path analysis, the contribution of each of these factors and its relationship with branding have been determined. Based on the results, the factor of socio-cultural environment has the highest impact of 0.45% (Including direct and indirect), and the natural environment factor had the least effect, i.e. only 0.26%, on the dependent variable (Oramanat tourist destination brand); the institutional, physical and economic factors are also 36/0, 32/0 and 16/0 respectively.

The present research aimed at evaluating brand equity in tourist destination from the perspective domestic tourists in Tabriz in 2015. The study is a n applied one as far as the goals are considered and a descriptive one regarding the collection method. The SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the obtained data. The population of the study included the tourists who were available in the tourist destination in 2015. In this research Konecnik and Ruzzier model was used. The model has four dimensions which are: brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality and brand loyalty. The obtained results showed that in addition to brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality and tourism destination brand awareness also has a direct effect on brand equity in Tabriz; moreover, among the effective factors, the brand loyalty was proved to be the most effective one.

The branding of every tourism destination is based on its environmental characteristics and unique features, in other words, environmental quality; because optimal environment quality underlie the formation of a positive sense to tourism destinations and eventually develop tourism. Explaining the environmental quality and consequently branding for rural tourism destination help create an enjoyable and memorable experience in the minds of tourists and will result in tourist's loyalty and ultimately attract more tourists and visitors to the tourism boom in the region. Thus, identifying environmental quality factors contributes a lot to branding and finally marketing and development of tourism destinations. Given the importance of this issue, this study has undertaken to identify and validate the environmental quality of Oramanat ethno-cultural region to branding for its tourism destinations. In this study, qualitative thematic analysis method was used. Initially by purposive sampling method, 29 interviews (12 interviews with beneficiary local people and 17 interviews with tourists) were conducted. Then, the results were analyzed with MAXQDA. To validate the results and increase their reliability, a quantitative method was used such as Exploratory factor analysis. Based on the results of the interviews and the completed questionnaire, 5 dimensions and 22 categories for environmental quality related to branding were identified in the Hawraman region. They are as follows: natural dimension (with 4 categories), socio-cultural dimension (with 7 categories), economic dimension (with 1 category), physical dimension (with 5 categories), and institutional dimension (with 5 categories).

Brand equity is one of the instruments that can be used in measuring effectiveness of the brand. It is important in service industries such as tourism. This is why that the present study was aimed to identify brand equity dimensions for tourism destinations. The statistical population of this study includes the marketing and tourism professors and authors that have specialty in brand equity. A sample of 200 professors and authors has been selected from this population through convenience sampling method. In order to collect the research data, a self-administrated online questionnaire has been developed and then sent to the sample members. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire has been examined and confirmed in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is the statistical method that has been used for extracting dimensions of tourism destination brand equity. The findings of this study identify nine dimensions for tourism destination brand equity. These include perceived quality of human relations, perceived attractions of tourism destination, perceived popularity of tourism destination, perceived convenience in tourism destination, perceived value of tourism destination, personal awareness of tourism destination, tourism destination loyalty, and perceived satisfaction of tourism destination.

Today management is necessary in all aspects of economic and social activities and is a key element to doing works. Destination management plays an important role in achieving the goals of development in tourism. As a key factor in determining the competitiveness level of destinations, this element is responsible to maintain and sustain social-cultural, economic and environmental resources of destinations.The purpose of this paper is investigating quality of destination management for achieving the competitive advantages in Chabahar Region. It has been conducted in 2009-2010. Contributory factors to the destination management such as marketing, visitor management, research, pricing, technology, cooperation between public and private sectors, crisis management and so on, were investigated in the region. These factors were selected on the base of Crouch and Ritchie’s Model (1999). The results show that “product development, marketing and introducing” is the most important factors. All the factors have low quality in the region.