جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Yazd » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

One of the two-way consequences of global warming and climate change is its effects on water and air pollution, which can affect rural livelihoods or the destruction of rural areas. The current research examines the effect of human presence and his heat-generating devices and activities on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the summer residences of Taft city, Yazd province. For this purpose, the images of two comparative periods of April (April 10 with April 2) and summer (Friday with Thursday and Saturday) of Landsat 8 and 9 satellites were used. Then the surface temperature map and hot-spot analysis (G-i-star) of the area were prepared and the changes were evaluated. The results showed that in April period, 64% and in summer period, 60.1% of rural areas experienced an increase in LST. Also, 1.43% to 43.5% of the rural area of the region had experienced an increase in temperature in April and 31.2% to 31.8% in summer. An increase in temperature variance was also observed in these areas, which shows an increase in temperature variation in these areas. The number of hot spots in these areas also increased by 111.4% in April and 48% and 21.1% in summer. The results also showed that 65.1% of rural vegetation in April and 49.8% in summer faced an increase in LST, of which there was a 19% increase in April and 49.9 and 8.6% in summer in temperature variance and 3. 118 percent of April and 9.5 and 0.2 percent of summer in the number of hot spots, the share of areas with vegetation was. According to the results, all the villages had experienced an increase in LST, and the fluctuations of this increase were greater in the villages with less vegetation and less area. The current research can be considered as a warning for the creation of rural thermal islands (like cities) on holidays with many tourists and serious damage to vegetation and rural climate.

Investigating and understanding Sand dunes is of great importance in the management of natural resources and the control of risks caused by them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the sand dunes of Darvazeh Quran, in the north of Yazd city, which is of great importance due to its proximity to Yazd city and its use for the development of tourism. In this research, in order to determine the origin of Sand dunes, from the wind data of Yazd synoptic station, during a period of 20 years (2001-2021), topographic maps 1:50000, geological maps 1:100000, TM satellite images of 1993, ETM+ year 2008 and 2017 and field studies have been used for sampling. The research method is also based on the analysis of wind characteristics (direction and speed), the mineralogy of sedimentary grains, and the use of satellite images. The results of the wind survey in the studied area showed that strong winds in the dry seasons along the northwest play an important role in the formation, development, and movement of sand. Mineralogical investigation and XRF analysis indicate that quartz minerals and then carbonates with an average of 45 and 33% are the most abundant among the sediments of the studied area and the classification based on spectral reflection of satellite images of loose sands showed that the band ratios are 4.5, 3.4 and 3.5 in TM images can be used to identify the mentioned minerals. Finally, the results showed that the alluvial and flood plains, along with alluvial deposits located in the northwestern and western part of this reservoir, are the main sources of nutrition for the sandy dunes of Darvazeh Quran.

Today, very important cities such as Yazd, which have cultural richness and distinct traditional architecture, have seen severe damage due to instability in their newly built structures. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the aspects that will accelerate the revival of traditional identity and its sustainable development. The results of this study, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, show that the city of Yazd, despite the damage it has seen from the implementation of modern architecture in its new context, fortunately, due to the richness of urban planning and green architecture, is suitable for its hot and dry climate. , still maintains its efficiency and vitality, and the principles and characteristics related to the urban fabric, neighborhoods and buildings of Yazd city are in line with the general principles of sustainable and traditional architectural criteria in sustainable urban development in three environmental, economic and social fields. Therefore, the architectural style, which has been implemented with a green orientation and continuity of sustainability and without pressure on nature and more energy consumption, has played a very important role in creating socio-cultural and economic interactions and ultimately the sustainable development of this city. Of course, the adverse consequences of the spread and prevalence of buildings incompatible with the region's climate should not be neglected, and it is necessary to return to traditional architecture and combine it with modern architecture, take more appropriate steps in the direction of urban development and solve many problems. He came and helped.

Yazd has experienced rapid growth and significant demographic and physical changes in recent years. This study is a practical-developmental research aimed at measuring the status of social sustainability in the neighborhoods of Yazd using a descriptive-analytical method, by using the fuzzy TOPSIS statistical test and correlation coefficient. The research data was collected from the detailed plan of the city of Yazd in 2017, the statistical center, and field studies of research indicators using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes citizens over 15 years old in Yazd, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 400 people, randomly selected by stratified random sampling in proportion to the population of neighborhoods. Four main indicators of population changes, participation, security, and quality of life were examined. The results showed a strong correlation between the quality of life index and social sustainability. The quality of life index had the highest effect and significant relationship with social sustainability with a correlation coefficient of 0.948, while the security and participation indices had correlation coefficients of 0.721 and 0.673, respectively. The migration index did not have a significant relationship with social sustainability in the neighborhoods of Yazd (correlation coefficient of 0.217). Among the neighborhoods, Safaieh, Imam Shahr, and Kooy-e Talghani were the most sustainable, while Eish Abad, Khair Abad, and the airport were the least sustainable in terms of social aspects.

The purpose of the current research was to know the implementation patterns of ecological wisdom to improve livability in the desert residential buildings of Yazd city. The research method was descriptive-analytical and inferential, and the effective criteria in evaluating the implementation patterns of ecological wisdom were determined using library studies and experts' opinions. To evaluate, 20 main criteria were used. The data collection tool was a survey (purposive sampling, 4 native houses from the old context of the desert city of Yazd) and a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.86, and the statistical community included specialists in urban planning, architecture, and the environment who are familiar with the native architecture of desert areas. The innovation of the research is to examine the relationship between ecological wisdom and the livability in desert cities, especially in the scale of building architecture. Results showed that ancient desert settlements were formed based on the principles and rules of ecological wisdom and are a symbol of sustainability. Therefore, regenerating the principles of ecological wisdom in multiple scales can be the basis for improving the sustainability and livability of contemporary urban contexts.

Smart growth as a comprehensive strategy to counter the spread of sporadic and low-density areas around cities was discussed. The purpose of this study was to prioritize different areas of the research area and identify areas with intelligent potential in order to apply management strategies. To achieve this goal, 8 main variables of population density, per capita business use, use of counter offices, type of Internet and road network coverage, per capita residential, parking, bank were used.151 GPS points were taken to model and evaluate the validity of the model. Raster data layers to enter the model and neural network modeling was modeled Yazd smart prone areas. The research results showed regression above 70% in the training and testing phase. The area under the curve AUC validation model actually reflects the ability of the model to predict the dependent variable was 0.9769, which was very convenient. The parameters MSE, RMSE, R_Correlation_Test and R2 were also obtained as 0.0389, 0.1972, 0.8517 and 0.8912, respectively. Finally, the weight of the indicators and the dependent variables of the research were predicted. The results of the final map of area zoning capabilities in smart too low to 4013.78 showed that telling this story for intelligent infrastructure must be strengthened in this area. Areas with very high potential with an area of 687.31 have also been notable. By examining the modeling map and GPS points of Areas prone to smartening, a high compliance in the modeling was performed and the field points were observed.

The purpose of this study is investigating the cause and effect relationship between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism in Yazd city using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included experts in the tourism and ecotourism industry of Yazd city who were selected using purposive sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the measurement tool was 0.7. The novelty of the research is to determine the causal relationships between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism using the DEMATEL approach in Yazd city. The results show that the factors influencing in development of ecotourism in Yazd city is including Appropriate planning and management, Education and training manpower in the field of ecotourism, The direct supervision of the government and institutions active in the field of ecotourism, existence of experts fluent in the living languages of the world along with tourist attractions, culturization tourism development and promotion of culture tourism to citizens (host society), Trying to improve security in the region and enact environmental laws to intensify charges and impose more restrictions.

Today, tourism as a dynamic and vast industry has become one of the largest economic sectors in the world. In a way that includes all the basic elements of the world community and accounts for a significant share of national and local economies (Scott et al., 2016; Masoudi, 2021). Empirical evidence suggests that climate resources directly affect destination choice, season length and, quality of tourism, as well as destination costs (Li et al. 2017; Wilkins et al. 2018; Yu et al. 2021 ). Climate change and extreme events such as heat and cold waves, droughts, storms and heavy rainfall can also affect tourism demand. Therefore, it is important to study the climatic conditions of an area in terms of climate comfort and determine suitable periods for all elements of tourism, such as planning, implementation, accommodation, etc. Climatic conditions and weather are essential components of the holiday experience and are among the main motivations for travel (Goh, 2012). Providing threshold values and indices can give an idea of the comfort level of the climatic conditions of the environment. For this purpose, tourism climate indices have been prepared (Oztürk and Göral, 2018; Scott et al. 2016). tourism Climate indices, which are formed from indices designed for use in health and agriculture, are tools that use raw meteorological data to describe the suitability of a particular climate for tourism activities. Such indices have been widely used to compare climate resources and their impact on tourism for more than 35 years (Rutty et al., 2020).

In this study, in order to evaluate the tourism climate of Yazd province, the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) and the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) have been used. To calculate these indices from the data of maximum air temperature, mean air temperature, minimum relative humidity, mean relative humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, sunny hours and wind speed of synoptic stations of Yazd province and neighboring provinces between 2004 and 2021 used.Climate Tourism Index (TCI) The first composite index designed to assess tourism resources was the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) proposed by Mieczkowiski (1985) and it consists of five sub-indices including daytime comfort index (CID), daily comfort index (CIA), precipitation (P), sunshine (S) and wind (W) (Equation 1).TCI=2*(4 CID +CIA+2 P+2 S+W) (1) Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Despite the widespread use of TCI, this index has been significantly criticized. The four main shortcomings of the TCI index are: subjective rating and weighting system of climate variables, ignoring the possibility of the impact of physical climate variables, low temporal resolution of climate data and not paying attention to the different climatic needs of the main tourism sectors. (Scott et al., 2016). In response to these inherent weaknesses in TCI, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) was proposed (Equation 2).HCI=4*(TC)+2(A)+(3*P+W) (2)Which TC ic a thermal comfort index, A index is cloud coverage, P and W are precipitation and wind respectively.

Using the IDW interpolation method and GIS software, Point data were converted to surface data and finally TCI and HCI index maps for Yazd province were drawn in different months of the year. The spacial distribution of TCI and HCI indices showes in April and May, according to the TCI index, most of the province's area is in the excellent and ideal class. In June, according to the TCI index, due to the gradual dominance of summer weather in the province, with the exception of mountainous areas, other areas are in good and very good class. According to the HCI index, in April, the eastern half of the province is in the excellent category and the western half is in the very good category. In May, all areas of the province are classified into excellent and ideal classes. But according to the HCI index, almost the entire area of the province in the months of June to September is in the ideal class for tourism and holidays. In October, according to the TCI index, most parts of the province are in ideal and excellent classes. During the autumn season, with the gradual decrease of temperature, the desirability of climatic conditions for tourism also decreases over time. The results of the HCI index are almost similar to the TCI index. The results of HCI and HCI indices show that in January, almost the entire area of the province is in good condition, and with the passage of time towards the end of winter and the improvement of temperature conditions, in March, the conditions for tourism in the province will improve. The temporal distribution of TCI and HCI indices also shows that in most stations in the second half of the year, October to March, as well as April and May, both indices are in good agreement with each other. This issue is more evident in the cold months of the year, December, January and February. Also, changes and fluctuations of both indices in these months are very limited.

The results of the study of these two indices showed that in general the quantitative values of the HCI index are larger than the values of the TCI index. The reason for this difference is due to the difference in the weight of the components, especially the thermal comfort component and the rating system of the variables. According to HCI index estimates, the warmest months of the year, June to September, are the most suitable months for tourism and leisure. During these months, all areas of the province have ideal conditions for tourism. But the results of the TCI index show that fewer months have ideal climatic conditions. Most stations have these conditions for a maximum of two or three months of the year, which includes the months of April, May and, October. In the cold season, in most stations, the results of the two indices are in complete agreement with each other, but in the warm season, the difference between the two indices is very large.

Geomorphotourism is a tourist attraction based on the geomorphic systems on the ground, which has an extraordinary ability to attract tourists by creating attractive and beautiful landforms. One of the main goals of geomorphotourism is to educate and enjoy tourists from geomorphic phenomena, as well as to protect the natural environment and its landscapes in relation to not changing and avoiding human interference in disturbing the earth landscape. In fact, geomorphotourism is one of the fields of land studies and tourism studies that emphasizes the recognition of geomorphosites or special geomorphological landscapes. Thus, geomorphotourism can be defined as the study of geomorphosites or specific geomorphic landscapes that have scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic and economic values at the same time. According to this view, geomorphosites are geomorphological landforms that have acquired scientific, historical-cultural, aesthetic or socio-economic value due to human awareness and exploitation. These sites have a variety of landforms that are created by the interaction of internal and external factors of the earth over time in a specific territory and play an important role in understanding the long-standing geomorphological changes of a place. These sites are significantly different in terms of size and variety of geotourist attractions. From the point of view of diversity of geomorphic features in geosites, the concept of geodiversity is used, which means the diversity of geological and geomorphological features and is usually related to geoheritage elements such as geomorphosites and geomorphological elements and show an increasing attention to the effects of inanimate nature. Therefore, it is important and necessary in order to be aware of the geological heritage in the whole planet and to coordinate and adapt to the conservation approach, and since it includes numerous and diverse geological phenomena, it can indicate the structure and geological characteristic of a region and its geotouristic capabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the playa geomorphosites and to acquaint the managers and planners of the tourism industry with the playa geomorphotourism attractions of Yazd province in order to pay more attention to the potential of these attractions in the tourism industry.

To prepare information about this research, field studies, library and documentary studies, as well as topographic maps (1,500,000), geology map (1: 100,000) and digital elevation map with a resolution of 30 meters of Yazd province were used. The combination of information obtained from the mentioned sources has determined the overall value of geosites in the study area. The modified Kamensko method has been used to evaluate the capabilities of geosites and higher value geosites that have more potential for geotourism development have been identified. Research on geomorphosite assessment methods in Iran shows that the best method for assessing geosites is the Kamensco method. Because this method uses several other methods such as Reynard, Pereira, Peralong, Coratza, Giusti, Bruschi, Cendrero, Zouros, Erhatic and Serrano evaluates geosites and puts more emphasis on the Managerial and aesthetic indices.

The Kamensko method was introduced by Kamensko in 2011 and is based on 5 values includes scientific, aesthetic, cultural, economic and managerial. Of course, the score of each value is based on several sub-criteria and is averaged. But since in this evaluation method, the emphasis is on managerial and aesthetic indicators, such as the attractiveness of each geosite for all age groups, creating a sense of calm for the tourist, the ability to play and entertainment for children and adolescents, and therapeutic features and medicine has not been paid attention. In the present study, some weaknesses in this method have been modified. Hence, the entertainment and attractiveness index has been added to the indicators provided by Kamensco, which include sub-criteria such as attractiveness for all age groups or for a specific age group, length of stay in these geosites, creating a sense of calm and relaxation, play and entertainment capabilities especially for children and adolescents and finally therapeutic and medical features. Due to the high importance of this index in the field of tourism, it has been given the highest score. Because the final composite index is based on the model and framework of the Kamensko, the same Kamensko scores are used, so that the score of each of the criteria assigned to the other indicators by Kamensko is reduced and dedicated the new index. In the present study, 15 significant playas, in Yazd province, have been studied and evaluated in terms of tourism capabilities in terms of size and features in them, including: Ardakan playa (Black Mountain playa), which is the most important playa in the region. It has located in the form of a horseshoe with a northwest, southeast direction in the northeast of Ardakan. The most famous playa of Yazd province is Abarkooh playa which is located in the form of a circle between two mountain ranges. Other playas of Yazd province are Saghand, Daranjir, Herat and Marvast, Bahadoran, Taghistan, Taq Siah, Abgir, Allahabad, Tal Hamid and Gorabkhor.

The results of the evaluations of playa's geomorphosites in Yazd province, based on the modified Kamenskoye model, show that among the 15 playas in the province, Bafgh playa with 76 points, had the highest score among them. After that, Ardakan playa with 68 points, Saghand playa with 62 points and Abarkooh desert with 57 points are in the next ranks. One of the most important features of these playa is the variety of geomorphic features and spatial suitable for activities and entertainment of different age groups from children and infants to adventurous youth and middle-aged people who can go to various activities such as hiking in the playa, walking on the sand dunes of the edge of playas, seeing various geomorphic landforms of the playas, seeing the surfaces of salt marshes, salty rivers, seeing clear skies and stars at night, relatively cool weather in hot seasons and things like camping, camel riding in the playa, Off-road vehicles, motorcycling and even cycling in the playa are among the other services and entertainments that can be considered for the deserts and attracting tourists.

Tourism activity greatly affects the economies of different countries and in this regard, it is important to identify the factors affecting tourism development. In the present study, due to the potential that the golden triangle of tourism in Isfahan, Fars and Yazd has for tourism development, it has been selected as a case study to identify the key indicators affecting its tourism development with a future research approach.

Methodology/approach: 

The present study is an applied research that has been done by using library studies, interviews and questionnaires with experts and professionals familiar with the topics of tourism and futures research and with the help of Micmac software. For this purpose, first 33 primary factors affecting tourism development were identified using library studies and interviews with experts, and then by forming a matrix of cross-effects and using the opinions of respondents and using Micmac software, the key drivers affecting tourism development were identified. Respondents were purposefully selected and theoretical saturation was formed in sample "14".

The research findings indicate that 11 factors are "macro government policies", "interaction of institutions", "provincial management style", "specialized management", "branding and motivation of travel", "natural attractions", "historical monuments and cultural heritage" "Handicrafts and Indigenous", "Tourism Culture", "Transportation Infrastructure" and "Tourism Infrastructure and Services" are the key drivers of tourism development in the three golden triangle of tourism.

The result of the research indicates that the mentioned drivers can be divided into two categories: "organizational and managerial" and "branding" and planning to develop and improve their performance can make a significant contribution to the development of tourism in these three provinces.

Originality/value:

 Considering the memorandum of understanding of the tourism golden triangle project between the provinces of Isfahan, Fars and Yazd and the lack of investigation of the drivers effective on the tourism development of these three provinces in the previous researches, in this respect, the current research is innovative which has been authenticated by interviewing experts related to the subject.

The microfinance movement began in Bangladesh in the early 1970s in the face of the market failure phenomenon as well as the government's failure to provide credit to the poor and low-income people in the early 1970s. Microfinance, also known as microfinance or microfinance, is a means of providing credit, usually in the form of small unsecured loans, to non-traditional borrowers, such as the poor in rural or underdeveloped areas. A review of the literature on micro-financing goals as one of the tools and methods of economic development for the lower strata of society indicates that the four goals of economic development, poverty reduction, prevention of social unrest and profitability in the form of micro-businesses for microfinance are pursued. The experience of countries shows that microcredit is used in different ways to reduce poverty and therefore, it has different effects and consequences in the target society. Of course, in some countries, banks, as an economic enterprise that aims to maximize profits, do not do so for various reasons, such as the small amount of loans, which reduces their profits through the entry and identification of poor people. Second, paying a loan to this group of customers is associated with a lot of risk. Another issue related to banks not entering into micro-credit allocation is incomplete information that leads to maladaptive selection and ethical risks. According to the Barakat Foundation's approach to job creation and the unemployment rate of 12.7% in Yazd province in 1397, the Barakat Foundation's planning for job creation in some cities of the province, including Abarkooh, Mehriz and Bahabad, began in 1398. However, two years after the implementation of these job creation plans, examining their performance on social welfare selected from the Legatum Social Welfare Index can be effective in continuing the process.

The research method used is descriptive and survey in terms of user purpose. The data collection tool is a questionnaire made by a researcher. In this regard, the five main components of social welfare including investment environment, economic quality, economic quality, social capital, health and freedom and individual safety were identified by experts and specialists based on Delphi and integrated methods and classified into 31 items. Then the validity of the questionnaire It was confirmed by elites and experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to confirm the research model, the structural equation model was used and to analyze the data, 24 AMOS and 20 SPSS software were used. Using structural equations and first and second order confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the original model and the questions were tested.

First, social welfare components were calculated based on the average response scores and used for statistical ranking. Economic quality has been an indicator that most respondents have been satisfied with and health index is an indicator that respondents' satisfaction is in the last rank. Second, the general view of the respondents towards the items of social welfare component was examined statistically, in which the item "the degree of attention to the lack of monopoly formation in projects" in the investment environment, the item "the rate of increasing women's labor force participation" in quality Economic, the degree of opportunity to communicate with others in social capital, the amount of "prevention of high-risk factors such as suicide" in health, and the amount of "reduction of strictness and increase of women's physical health" are in the first place in individual freedom and safety. Third, the effect of each component was examined through t-test and the results indicate the positive effect of microcredit allocation in Barakat Foundation employment models on each of the components of social welfare index, namely investment environment, economic quality, social capital, health and freedom. And has been individual safety. Fourth, the validity of the questionnaire questions was examined and confirmed by the first-order confirmatory factor analysis technique. Fifth, when a large structure itself consists of several latent variables, second-order confirmatory factor analysis is used. The results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis of the social welfare variable show that its measurement model is appropriate and all numbers and parameters of the model are significant.

The results of the study on the validity of the scale structure, using the second-order confirmatory factor analysis, showed a high correlation between the hidden variables. Also, based on t-test, the effect of microcredit on each of the components of social welfare such as investment environment, economic quality, social capital, health and freedom and personal safety was confirmed.

The rapid growth of cities and urbanization and the increase of urban population in the country of Iran have created many difficulties and challenges in urban development management; so that the rupture in the structure of urban neighborhoods and the loss of their physical identity, have destructed the continuous social structure between residents and have reduced communication between people in neighborhoods and cities. Such disintegration of social relations and the lack of citizen participation in economic and social development plans in many cities of Iran, especially in metropolitan areas such as Yazd, have led to a loss of physical and spiritual capital and have aggravated urban problems and anomalies. Hence, these issues disrupted the efficiency of urban development management. In this regard, strengthen of social supports like social capital is one of the most appropriate strategies to advance urban development programs. In urban communities, social capital is one of the most important factors that strengthen and integrate public relations and networks, which in this way affects urban development and provides the basis for cultural, economical and social development of the city. Yazd city with its unique historical background, is one of the prominent examples of ancient cities in the country of Iran, which its urban development provides positive consequences for the development of the country. In this regard, the present study examines the role of social capital in urban development management in Yazd city.

The present study is applied, survey and descriptive - analytical research in terms of aim, method, and type of relationship, respectively. In this research, in addition to the library method, a questionnaire designed based on the research literature to obtain and collect the required information. The statistical population of this study includes all residents over 16 years old in Yazd city. The sample size is obtained from the Cochran's infinite population formula due to the infinity of the statistical population; then, the information of 384 people is collected using stratified random sampling method. To evaluate the validity and the accuracy of the questionnaire, the opinion of university professors is obtained who find the validity of the questionnaire acceptable. In addition, the reliability of the questionnaire is calculated using Cronbach's alpha measurement method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is equal to 0.77, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. To investigate the social capital, five indicators, including social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social awareness and religiosity and religious beliefs, are used. Data analysis is performed in two descriptive and inferential sections. Pearson correlation coefficient is used to investigate the relationship between variables and finally, to identify the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the multivariate regression method is applied. We apply SPSS software to analyze data and consider p-value <0.05 as a significant level.

The results show that there is no significant correlation between gender and social capital, which is consistent with the results obtained by Javadzad Aghdam and Alavi (2016). Also, similar to Mohammadi (2013) results, no significant correlation is observed between education and social capital. The results of social capital and its indicators show that there are significant relationships between social capital of citizens in Yazd city and its indicators including: social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social awareness and religiosity and religious beliefs with urban development. These results are consistent with the findings of Kreuter et al. (1998), Moradi (2013), Krause et al. (2006), Cento Bull and Jones (2006) and Hofferth and Iceland (1998), respectively.

with attention to the findings results of present study, the urban development as a dependent variable is directly related to social capital as an independent variable, which means that according to Coleman (1988), Bourdieu (1990), Fukuyama (2001) and Putnam (2002), the high amount of social capital among residents make more feasible the goal of urban development. Therefore, it can be said that social capital can be a strong spiritual force for urban development. It should be noted that the impact of a society's social capital on the urban development process has clear consequences, provided that the content of social capital in the community is appropriate to the development goals and has the required flexibility. Achieving urban development is impossible without considering the institutional and human potentials and utilizing all individual and group capacities. In general and brife, the study states that in formulating development policies and programs in the city of Yazd, the role and impact of social capital should be considered and urban development can be achieved by strengthening social capital.

According to the "creative destruction" model, when wealth is accumulated and distributed in a society, that must transform and become something new and more appropriate from its traditional way to reach the next stage of development. This process is both creative and destructive, and is a dynamic modernization that can transcend the traditional structure of power and wealth. This change indicates the link between economic resources and research and the factor of moving forward in the direction of innovation and achieving dynamism. Through this model, the position of a tourism site in its five stages can be evaluated and planned accordingly.The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature is survey. Field survey, questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the historical context of Yazd. 380 people were selected randomly as a sample based on Cochran's formula and tested. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and finally the results were extracted by comparative study of the steps and characteristics of the creative destruction model. According to the analysis, the level of residents' satisfaction with tourism and related activities is high, but their concern about the anomalies is evident. Due to the support of creativity and entrepreneurship, the amount of investment has increased and is aimed at combining traditional and modern uses. Based on the research findings, the study area is in the Advanced Commodification stage that planners should pay attention to the characteristics of this stage and determine appropriate strategies and goals.

Knowledge of rangeland vegetation characteristics as well as factors affecting it in environmental planning, land management and sustainable development is very important. However, regional and up-to-date maps of pasture vegetation cover are not always available. In this study, in order to plot the vegetation cover percentage of the rangelands and monitor its changes in drought and wet periods, NDVI products of MODIS sensor during the years from 2000 to 2017 with a spatial resolution of 250 m and a 16-day time resolution, and The SPI drought index were used. The study area is the part of the rangelands located in the Southern province of Yazd. In 2013, in order to provide ground truth data, a field work was done to take the sampling rate of vegetation from the rangeland level in the study area. According to the results, the NDVI index has a good ability to map vegetation cover, so the coefficient of determination (R2) between this index and the sample points was 0.71. Based on the results, the average vegetation cover of the studied area was 11.3% during the years 2000 to 2017. The highest and lowest amount of vegetation cover in the study area was in 2000 and 2002, with moderate mild conditions and very severe drought, respectively (14.6% and 9.2% respectively). The most important factors influencing the vegetation cover in the study area are rainfall and drought periods, so that the coefficient of determination (R2) between the SPI drought index and the average vegetation percentage was 0.85. In general, based on the results there is a high potential for assessing and monitoring rangeland vegetation changes using satellite data and remote sensing technique.

Lack of attention of contemporary architecture and urban planning to the region's climate has caused many environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to achieve the proportions governing the open space skins of urban localities that have unique characteristics in order to adapt to the climate of their region. Considering that more than 3.4 of our country is covered by arid climate, this study has dealt with it. The old texture of Yazd is one of the best architectural models compatible with the arid climate of Iran, whose teachings can give suitable instructions for contemporary architecture and urban designing. So, three localities of the historical context of Yazd were selected as case studies. This research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, and it has been carried out by the use of library methodology and field survey. The method of research and analysis of data is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. First, the geometric properties of 143 plot skins were studied, by comparing and analyzing the results, proportions were obtained. The results showed that the average height of the skins in the squares was more than that in the passages and entrances; this ratio is 1.22 for the entrances and 1.35 for the passages. The average width of the skins is greater in the squares, followed by the passages and entrances, with ratios of about 2.3 and 12, respectively. The ratio of height to skin width is 1 to 5.7 in the squares and 1 to 39 in passages, skin width is about 6 times in the squares and 39 times in passages. Findings indicate the existence of ratios and relationships in skins that are affected by the climatic characteristics of the arid region of Iran that can be managed in open spaces of urban localities.

Pistachio, like many subtropical fruit trees, need a cold period in their annual cycle to allow the buds to bloom naturally after the right conditions are in place. There are several models to calculate the chilling needs of pistachio, of which the chilling hours model, Utah and Utah positive are the most important of these models. The studied geographical area is Yazd-Ardakan plain located in Yazd province.

In this study, according to statistical tests based on meteorological variables, the chilling hours model was selected for modeling. To conduct this research, three-hour temperature data of Yazd Synoptic Station during the statistical period of 1367-1396 were used to model and estimate the total monthly chilling hours of pistachio and The daily temperature data of this station during the statistical period of 1961-2005 were used for the SDSM model and the monthly temperature statistics of the years 1385-1397 were used to evaluate the downscaling data of the CanESM2 model under different RCP scenarios and finally modeling for the years 1400 -1429 was done.

Results indicate that there is a significant correlation between monthly cumulative hours of temperatures between zero and 7.2 ° C and monthly temperature parameters such as mean minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature and mean monthly temperature, which in the absence of data hourly temperature can be used to model and determine monthly cumulative hours.

Findings show that the chilling needs of Kalle-Ghuchi, Owhadi and Ahmad- Aghaei species will be met in the coming years and Akbari and Fandoghi species will not be met.

The aim of this study is Prioritization potential pathway   to walking at the historical context of yazd city. the research is an applied research with descriptive ‌ analytical method . research indexes were obtained using theoretical framework of research and validation of criteria was confirmed by experts of group and urban traffic experts and experts . the final indices include security, access to public transportation, car traffic volume in the passage,  the compatibility of pedestrian adjacent streets, visual landscape, access to roads, width and length of the passage. the indices were weighted using analytic hierarchy process, then, by using gis software, different layers that have a role in the site selection were created . then the weights assigned to each layer were placed in weighted sum function . the results showed that in the old tissue of yazd city, the streets of northern imam khomeini, southern imam khomeini, and Giyam have the most talent. the innovation of this research is using weighted sum function over linear layers.

Today, the tourism industry is changing rapidly, and as a result, the needs of tourists have also changed. In this age, creativity and innovation are considered as an important feature and the main need of service and tourism centers. The importance of employing creative manpower for tourism centers and organizations is not hidden and can play an important role in their success. Creative workforce leads to new ideas and solutions and improves the performance of goals. As a result, given the issues and problems facing the industry, the need for a creativity-based paradigm, along with the replacement of new products, processes, markets and methods, monopoly interests and the created competitive advantage seems necessary. In this paradigm of "creative destruction", Joseph Schumpeter, as the driving force of economic development, uses resources, knowledge and skills in new ways to solve existing problems or obstacles and by forming new types of demand and support resources to meet them. Promotes opportunities for creativity and entrepreneurship. Therefore, creative destruction can facilitate the transition from old and inefficient tourism systems to new paradigms and be used as a need of the tourism industry or a tool to meet its needs. This can occur in a variety of ways and can change the performance of tourism and related organizations. Accordingly, according to Schumpeter theory, the role of creative and entrepreneurial force is not limited to creating new job opportunities, but with the existing structure, thinking, mobility and culture, engage in creative destruction to prepare the ground for

The presence of security in a place of recreation is one of the most important parameters in decision making for visiting and spending leisure time in that place. On the other hand, the lack of security not only does not lead people to public places, promenades and walkways, but because of the lack of presence and isolation of these places, crime and its dimensions are spreading in these places, and therefore it is said that between security And the amount of citizens' return to public and recreational places remains a two-way and complementary relationship. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study aims to identify and investigate the factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city based on the opinion of the host community. Firstly, parks are one of the most prominent public spaces in the city and the most important components of urban, human and natural bodies, which, due to the overcoming of the green space element, attract the population and provide the ground for social interaction and spending leisure time in terms of recreation, entertainment, sports, study And relax and nature-oriented recreation, Secondly, experience has proven that one of the most important ways of developing and improving in every field is identifying barriers and factors that affect the lack of achievement.

The present study was conducted with exploratory and descriptive-analytical approach and using field and documentary studies to explore and investigate the factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in regional parks in Yazd. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 Yazdi citizens who were randomly selected at the level of Yazd district parks in two stages (Semi-structured interview with citizens in the first stage) to identify the indicators affecting the feeling of insecurity and complete the questionnaire for factorization and survey The effect of each factor in the second stage is selected. In this research, qualitative findings (content analysis of interviews in Max Kido's qualitative analysis software) and quantitative (exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the information.

According to the results of the five identified factors, 86.201 % of the total variance of factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city. First, it shows the comprehensiveness of the indicators identified by the interviewed community, and secondly, the emphasis of the statistical community on identified indicators as factors of insecurity in the parks studied. Based on the analysis, only 13.799 percent of the total variance was not calculated and was the result of other factors not identified by the statistical community of the interviewee. According to the results, the factor of the lack of utility of military-security infrastructure with a special value of 17.99 and 42.96% variance as the most important factor affecting the feeling of insecurity and the socio-individual factor with a special value of 1.449 and the percentage of variance of 36.75 as the least significant The agent has been identified. The incidence rate of anomalies, delinquency and mass with a special value of 35.34 and a 21.23% variance in the second place influenced on the feeling of insecurity in the regional parks of Yazd city based on the opinion of the host community and then the factors of the lack of utility standards with a specific amount of 2.923 and the percentage of variance was 10.826, and the physical-physical deprivation with a special value of 1.67 and a percentage of variance was 18.66.

The study of safety and factors affecting the feeling of insecurity in public places, especially parks, is an essential requirement. This research was carried out in seven regional parks of Yazd city. In this regard, this research has identified and extracted the factors affecting insecurity in regional parks in Yazd city based on the viewpoint of the host community, based on which applied strategies to diminish these factors and improve the quality of safety in these parks. The results show that in terms of host society in Yazd city parks, 27 indicators in the form of five factors of the lack of utility of military-security infrastructure, the occurrence of anomalies, crime and crime, non-observance of standards, physical-physical factors and an individual-social limiting factor affecting Felt the insecurity of the citizens. According to the results, the factor of the inappropriate use of law enforcement infrastructure in regional parks in Yazd with a percentage of variance of 42.699 was the most important factor affecting the feeling of insecurity from the host society. This alone explains 42% of the indicators that affect the feelings of citizens' insecurity, which indicates the importance of this factor and the emphasis of the statistical community on it. In the second place, the effect of the incidence of anomalies, delinquency and crime rate with the variance rate of 21.23, which according to the experiences and interviews, is the causative factor of the first factor. In general, according to the results of research, the desirability of law enforcement infrastructure and the elimination of abnormalities in the level of parks in the Yazd city make up about 64% of the strategies affecting the sense of security in the parks in terms of citizens.In the second place, the effect of the incidence of anomalies, delinquency and crime rate with the variance rate of 21.23, which according to the experiences and interviews, is the causative factor of the first factor. In general, according to the results of research, the desirability of law enforcement infrastructure and the elimination of abnormalities in the level of parks in the Yazd city make up about 64% of the strategies affecting the sense of security in the parks in terms of citizens.

The intelligent managers of this era of constant changes and instability try to know opportunities, challenges, and variables effective on the system under their management so as to increase the possibility of their success. The managers of Yazd province – as one of the developed provinces of Iran – always try to step in the direction of sustainable growth and development by means of strategic planning, knowledge about the capacities of this province, and the management of the possible future challenges. The study at hand was carried out to attain this objective and to get a clearer image of the future of this province in order to identify the variables that are affective on the future of Yazd province. Moreover, conducting structural analysis through MICMAC method, it was tried to investigate the mutual effects of these variables on each other and identify the key drivers of what might form the future of this province. The important variables effective on the system were identified using library research, virtual space monitoring, surveying citizens, and future-related workshops. Variables were prioritized using importance and lack of certainty criteria. Then, the most important ones were fed into the direct effects matrix, and after completion with Delphi method, they were fed into MICMAC software. The outcome of the software was compared with the results of Dimtel method, and finally, the variables of the performance of organizations, balanced development, performance of land use plan, various types of tourism, and attention to water and environment were identified as the most effective variables in the formation of the future of the province.