جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « fuzzy topsis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today, fires represent a significant hazard stemming from both natural occurrences and human activities, presenting multifaceted challenges across urban settings. Fire stations emerge as pivotal service hubs within cities, necessitating strategic placement to ensure timely and dependable response, unimpeded by urban constraints. This study endeavors to devise a suitable model for the establishment and distribution of fire stations in Ardabil city. The research methodology is predominantly descriptive-analytical, employing a combination of documentary studies, library research, and field surveys for data collection. The Moran index is utilized to assess the distribution pattern of existing fire stations, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, facilitated by Super Decisions software, is employed to weigh 16 criteria determining optimal station locations. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) model, within the ArcGIS software framework, is utilized to identify suitable zones for new fire station placement. Findings reveal gaps in coverage by existing stations concerning functional radius and population density, indicating a need for 11 additional stations to adequately serve Ardabil's population of 516,277. The Moran index underscores the randomness of the current station distribution pattern. Ultimately, the study delineates suitable areas for new station deployment across five distinct levels on a map. This research serves as a valuable resource for crisis management in Ardabil, offering insights into the current state and distribution pattern of fire stations, as well as delineating areas for new station establishment.     

At present and in the future, ensuring safety in life is essential for human beings. Fire stations are one of the most important and vital centers for providing security in the city in critical situations. Fire stations can provide their services in a timely and safe manner if they are located in suitable places and can reach the accident site in the shortest time and without facing obstacles and limitations of the urban environment. The most important problem in servicing these centers is the lack of proper distribution of stations and the limited operating radius of existing stations. This has also been true of locating fire stations in the city of Ardabil; and every year, many people lose their lives and property due to various accidents, including fires. It is involved in the spatial distribution of municipal services, including fire stations. As 7 fire stations in the city are not able to serve the whole city. Therefore, in this research, spatial distribution and suitable zones for locating fire stations in Ardabil city are done using Fuzzy Topsis model in GIS software.

Stations in Ardabil by the end of 1399 were extracted from the official statistics of the fire department and transferred to the GIS environment and the necessary analyzes were performed using spatial statistical techniques. By determining the status of existing stations and research objectives, we have identified suitable areas for locating fire stations. In general, the location selection process in this research can be expressed in four general parts: 1. determining the study area, 2. Determining the evaluation or decision criteria, 3. determining the weight of the criteria, and 4. Weight and overlapping criteria maps. Accordingly, after selecting the study area, the criteria affecting the location of fire stations were selected from different sources and in the next step, the criteria were weighted based on the opinions of experts using the network analysis method in Super Design software. After determining the weight of the selected criteria, using the Fuzzy Topsis model in the GIS software environment, the criteria were evaluated and finally, a combination map of the criteria that showed the best place to build a fire station was extracted.

This study achieved its main goal, which was to determine the appropriate locations for the location of new fire stations. However, in order to complete the issue in the next step, based on the appropriate zones for locating fire stations, suggested sites for constructing new fire stations have been proposed. According to the population of Ardabil and the standard of one fire station for every thousand people, 4 fire stations are required for the city. In this research, in order of priority and based on the set of research criteria, stations in the priority of location selection are marked with numbers. There is no certainty in choosing the location of new stations and it depends on economic conditions, managerial decision making, traffic conditions, budget and facilities of municipalities and other dynamic and difficult conditions in terms of forecasting. In the proposal of new stations, attention has been paid to building density and highway network. The proposed stations cover the city well. The obtained results are in line with the findings of Nazari et al. (2015), based on the need of the city to create new stations. It also confirms the results of Warsi et al. (2015) that the number of available stations is not enough to cover the entire city. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the findings of Noheghar et al. Except for these cases, the results of the paper are based on Murray (2013) findings that the existing stations are located in an inappropriate position. And is consistent with the results of Janek (2013) on the need to use new methods and especially the new scientific and executive approach to the problems of fire stations in the city.

One of the most important factors influencing the construction of fire stations is the location, and determining the optimal location maximizes the efficiency of fire stations and provides better services to users. With this in mind, fire stations should be properly located throughout the city. In this research, in the first step, the status and distribution pattern of existing fire stations in Ardebil city were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques in GIS environment. The results showed that fire stations do not completely cover all areas of the city and only cover part of the city of Ardabil and part of the east and west and the suburbs of the city are outside this radius of operation. In the second step, the pattern of distribution of existing stations was analyzed and the results showed that the pattern of distribution of stations in the city is random. Due to the need of the city for new stations or their spatial rearrangement, in the third step, suitable locations for the location of new fire stations were identified using the main criteria affecting the location

Introduction:

 The concept of water-sensitive cities is linked to the new pattern of urban water governance and support for the use of decentralized water systems. Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan province, with its hot and dry climate, is witnessing the arrival of immigrants from rural areas of the province and other provinces, as well as the lack of employment infrastructure and the existence of numerous suburban centers, causing overcrowding. It has been located in different parts of the city and during the last two decades, there have been several problems in the field of urban water supply in this city, such as lack of supply resources on the one hand and increasing per capita consumption and very high migration rate on the other hand. On the one hand, the influx of villagers and the formation of the city in recent decades, and on the other hand, the migration of Afghan citizens to this city, has caused the city of Zahedan to suddenly receive a large population. Therefore, the increasing population growth and inadequate economic facilities have led to the formation of informal settlements in this city. Zahedan has about 1.3 percent of the population and urban space of informal housing and suburban population, which is equivalent to 42% of the total population of the city. These issues indicate that the city of Zahedan is facing a severe shortage of water resources. The city of Zahedan has also faced an uncontrolled expansion in recent decades, and since the supply of drinking water to the citizens of this city is one of the most acute problems of the city, scientific study in this regard will be very important. Therefore, in this research, the areas of Zahedan city in terms of water sensitive indicators have been evaluated and prioritized.

Methodology :

The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical based on the library method (documentary method) and field method using the distribution of questionnaires and conducting interviews to collect information. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Zahedan (587730 people) who were selected using Cochran's formula of 350 people and the research questionnaire was distributed and completed in a simple random method according to the population of each region. Then, SPSS software and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the collected data. Also, by designing a questionnaire using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) technique, 25 professors and students of geography, experts and officials in relation to the characteristics of water-sensitive city (water-sensitive governance, social capital, justice and equality) Productivity and efficiency, adaptive infrastructure, ecological health, urban space quality, water cycle management, increasing and strengthening water storage and minimizing sedimentation) were identified in the areas of Zahedan. In order to determine the level of each area in the indicators of water sensitive city, the Fuzzy Topsis model has been used. Arc Gis software has been used to draw the maps. 

Discussion and Results:

A one-sample t-test was used to evaluate the status of water-sensitive city indicators in Zahedan. In general, the indicators of water-sensitive city in Zahedan city with an average of 2.843 have been evaluated in an unfavorable situation. In order to prioritize the areas of Zahedan city in terms of water sensitive city indicators, the Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis (FAHP) technique has been used. In this part of the research, the areas of Zahedan city are ranked in terms of water sensitive city indicators using fuzzy TOPSIS model. Also, fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique has been used to weight the indicators. The results show that region 1 with a weight of 0.851 is in the first place. Zone 4 with a weight of 0.096 is in the fifth and last rank. Also, Zone 2 with a weight of 0.705, Zone 5 with a weight of 0.647 and Zone 3 with a weight of 0.282 are in the second to fourth ranks in terms of water sensitive city indicators, respectively. In the city of Zahedan, every year a large amount of natural water resources in the form of rain leaves the city as quickly as possible and discharges in combination with sewage. Due to the large volume of sewage and runoff and the lack of capacity of the collection system of Zahedan city, this system causes overflow and flooding of passages, which causes damages such as damage to infrastructure facilities, residential houses, as well as power outages, traffic disruptions. Unfavorable views in the city and even electrocution of residents due to the flooding of the city's electrical facilities.

Conclusion :

A one-sample t-test was used to evaluate the status of water-sensitive city indicators in Zahedan. In general, the indicators of water sensitive city in Zahedan city with an average of 2.843 have been evaluated in an unfavorable situation. The general results of the article on the prioritization of the five regions of Zahedan city, in terms of water-sensitive city indicators, show that region 1 with a weight of 0.851 is in the first place. Zone 4 with a weight of 0.096 is in the fifth and last rank. Also, region 2 with a weight of 0.705, region 5 with a weight of 0.647 and region 3 with a weight of 0.282 are in the second to fourth ranks in terms of water sensitive city indicators, respectively. This research is conducted for the first time in the city of Zahedan with the present subject. These factors have caused the city to no longer be able to continue its urban life using the available resources.The city of Zahedan has faced an uncontrolled expansion in the past few years, and since the supply of drinking water to the citizens of Zahedan is one of the most acute problems of the city, scientific study in this regard will be very important. In order to prevent the increase of drinking water consumption in the country, especially in cities such as Zahedan, where the amount of water consumption is higher than the national average,appropriate strategies and policies should be taken to bring this amount closer to the global average.

Due to the geographical and political position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and the importance of strengthening national security, it seems very necessary to identify the factors affecting it. National security is a complex and ambiguous concept that emerged after World War II and is now of great importance in all countries of the world. One of the factors affecting national security is food security, and we discuss how it impacts national security.

Food security factors and national security criteria are identified in the researches. Given the power of the fuzzy method in explaining linguistic concepts, a fuzzy questionnaire on how each of the food security factors affects national security was designed and sent to selected experts. Using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique, which is a simplified and effective method to rank options, food security factors were classified in order of impact on national security. Factors of food health, food quality, food per capita, unit price, response speed, food freshness, food diversity, food storage, and waste are ranked first to ninth, respectively. For select the food security factors, the mean of the largest and smallest similarity index was calculated, and the factors that had a similarity index higher than this mean were selected to enter the system dynamics stage. Thus, five factors that had the most significant impact on national security - food health, food quality, food per capita, unit price, and response speed - were selected and transferred to the next step. Using the system dynamics method, which is an effective method for simulating complex systems, a system dynamics model was used to simulate the impact of selected food security factors on national security.

Regarding the impact of food health on national security, it can be said that if food is not healthy, the health of the community is jeopardized. As a result, due to the unhealthiness of the community and the staggering costs of treatment, it threatens national security. On the other hand, increasing food health increases community health and national security, but the relationship is not exponential. That is, it cannot be said that the more food and community health increases community security, but when food health reaches its peak, its impact is asymptomatic on national security.About the behavior of the second factor, it can be said that the food per capita of the society should be sufficiently available to the people. When people's per capita food is not enough, it has little effect on national security; if food per capita reaches a balanced level, it increases national security. If people's per capita food exceeds its balance, it will no longer have a positive effect on national security, but it will seem to have the same impact as the per capita food shortage. Since the per capita food is too balanced, the excess amount is either consumed by people, in which case it causes obesity and its underlying diseases and endangers the health of society and ultimately national security, or in the form of waste, which in this case reduces the economic power of society and threatens economic security and ultimately national security. If the country is a food importer, the increase in food per capita will increase food imports, and the amount of foreign exchange output to buy food will increase, which can ultimately harm national security.
On the impact of food quality on national security, if food is not of acceptable quality, it can increase public dissatisfaction and harm national security. Increasing the quality of food can increase general satisfaction and improve national security. But this increase appears asymptomatic because firstly, the quality of food can rise to a limited extent, and secondly, enhancing the food quality to a certain extent increases food security, and, ultimately, national security.As to the effect of speed of response in food supply on national security, it seems that accelerating food supply will growth public satisfaction and finally increase national security, and reducing the speed of response will reduce national security. The effect of increasing the speed of response in food supply on national security is asymptomatic because, firstly, increasing the speed is somewhat possible and more than that is impossible, and more than that will not improve public satisfaction. Reducing the speed of food supply, especially in crises such as floods, earthquakes, etc., causes general dissatisfaction in society. Concerning the impact of food unit prices on national security, it can be said that increasing food unit prices augment public displeasure, and rising public discontent is a potential menace to national security. An increase in the unit price of food leads to a decrease in national security. 

The results of the simulation show the positive effect of health and food quality and response speed and the negative impact of unit price on national security. Also, the per capita consumption factor until it reaches equilibrium has a positive effect, and more than the balance threatens national security

Today, cities are considered one of the main tourist destinations for tourists, and tour planners, and therefore, cities such as Tehran as the national capital with many attractions need to plan a way to develop urban tourism as a guide and urban tourism. Or it can be used as a strategic tool to enhance sustainable development of cities. The development of urban tourism or "road tourism" can be developed as a tool for sustainable urban development. This method has been used in a quantitative-analytical way and the data collection method and the required data have been culled in the form of ideas and surveys (of the type based on brainstorming interviews). The analytical technique of Meta-Swat has been used for comparative analysis; fuzzy rankings were performed with fuzzy and subsequently comparative methods and the results of the two methods were analyzed comparatively.

Resilience is the degree of resilience of systems and tolerates change and the capacity to return to post-traumatic equilibrium. The speed of timely response is one of the dimensions of social, organizational, and institutional dimensions of resilience. The aim of this research is to increase the response speed during the crisis by locating and ranking fire stations in district ten of Tehran municipality. This district is the smallest district of Tehran municipality in terms of size and the highest district in terms of density. This research has used twelve criteria and eleven propose stations. Criteria have been selected from standards 6430, experts' view, and previous studies. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has used from Fuzzy TOPSIS method to prioritize the proposed location of the stations. Experts' views show that access (Width of the street), proximity, and traffic are the most important criteria. The results show that the first ranked station in the mentioned criteria has the highest value. The last ranked station has the lowest value in the term of the width of the street. It is located in the boundary of the study area and has the lowest values in the term of experts' point of views, so it has gained the last rank. Also, the ranking results show that fire station No. 85 (existing station) is in a suitable location, but fire station No. 8 (existing station) is not located in an optimal location. It affects the safety of the covered areas and reduces the response speed and reducing resilience.

Groundwater is recognized as one of the most important and reliable sources of water supply all around the world. However, population growth and reducing the volume of surface water reserves have led to the overexploitation of groundwater and groundwater resource depletion over the world. Therefore, exploration and exploitation of groundwater resources require a thorough understanding of geology, hydrogeology, and geomorphology in any area. With the advancement of remote sensing science and the use of satellite imagery in various fields, costs have been reduced and the time required to explore various sources including groundwater has been reduced. Nowadays, using fuzzy decision-making methods, it is no longer necessary to use only the financial equivalent of social and environmental criteria in choosing the best alternatives, but also to use different quantitative and qualitative criteria in prioritizing and selecting the best options and criteria in water resources management. In this study, eleven thematic layers, including lithology, precipitation, vegetation cover, density and distance from the fault, elevation, slope, temperature, land use and density, and distance from drainages to potential detection sources of groundwater used Silakhor plain.

New opportunities to develop the local and regional development depends important the use of tools industry. With regard to the mission and objectives of industrialization of rural areas that will be followed, is essential step towards rural sustainable development. And complementary conversion industries of the factors contributing to the sustainable agricultural and rural development and employment creation, reducing losses of agricultural products and ultimately food security. Industrial development in rural areas, according to existing facilities could will have an effective role in rural development The research method in this study is descriptive - analytical and is based on data firsthand. The statistical population of the study consists of all supervisors of rural households in Zarrin Dasht (7927 people). Of which, 310 questionnaires were completed by simple random sampling using Cochran formula. Also, 30 questionnaires were completed by experts for weighting indices. Analysis of the results was performed using fuzzy TOPSIS techniques for weighting the indices of AHP model is used for mapping and GIS ARC software is used. The results of this study indicate that Khoshvyyeh village with the value of 0.920 CI has the best position to create and establish conversion and complementary industries in the county and Zirab villages with a CI value of 0.665, western Izadkhast with a CI value of 0.618 with teachers The CI 0.276 and the Eastern Izadkhast with a CI value of 0.148 rank second to fifth respectively.

Today the environmental hazards caused by mismanagement of waste to be one of the major problems the country and this problem is higher in rural areas than cities. In rural areas, despite the differences between the regions in terms of the lifestyle with urban environments, Due to changes in the lifestyle of people, Waste Management is considered as a very important. Environmental pollution and thereby endanger the health of villagers require of appropriate waste management based on existing conditions. The main purpose of this research is Assessment and evaluation of the optimal waste management in rural areas Abadan city this research done by the descriptive - analytical Method and in processing is used from the Topsis Fuzzy AHP model. And is used from the Excel software to perform analyzes in this paper. The results of fuzzy TOPSIS model based on the calculated weights shows That in the index studied, the index of the waste master plan studies (With similarity index0/755 The most important thing for waste management in rural areas is the city of Abadan Also the index of the culture and education programs(With similarity index0/643 gathering and transportation(With similarity index0/626), final disposal(With similarity index0/612), public participation and private sector(With similarity index0/607), breakdown by origin of production(With similarity index0/592), skilled manpower (With similarity index0/586) and creating data bases are located(With similarity index0/561), respectively, in the next rankings.

The city consists of a network of consecutive spaces with different visual qualities. This spatial sequence is created in urban landscapes if human beings perceive distinctive spaces along one path and regard them as interconnected spaces. In urban design, street views should create an integrated visual and defined visual structure as well as an inviting and comfortable environment for pedestrians. To this end, this paper attempts to investigate the role of pedestrian sidewalks in enhancing the street view in a library-based and descriptive-analytical way. In this research, first, using field studies and documentation, the criteria related to consecutive views were extracted in the study site. The following is an analysis using the Swat method and the fuzzy TOPSIS method, in which a number of strategies have been determined using the Swat method, Following this, the prioritization of strategies using the mentioned criteria has been obtained during the fuzzy topsis process. The findings of the article show that the existence of contrast during diversity and coordination during the sequences of the path is the first step that should be done on the site in question. The impact of urban walls on people in the discussion of urban landscape is more than all urban elements. Glazing as a whole, and more than just the interplay of individual buildings, has an important role in designing the space that must go beyond design and as a quality volume, in terms of climate and cultural factors.

Space has been involved mind thinkers and scientists from post time until now in the civilization of main the world. Heidegger believes that “reality is spatial and   cannot consider separately human and spatial”. Discussion starts form where that space and local of live sustainable must is goal of every development. Debates refer on the sustainable development roots to in 1950s. Frist serious and base was raised discussion in sustainable 1957 Stockholm conference on the environment protection. Before form 1970s Schumacher used sustainable to concept economic structures, renewable, resources, products and services. As for to is considered attractive in given the importance of sustainable development in the urban contemporary must not separate from development goals, debate sustainable is consideration an important dimension of development. Following have been the rapid changes by develop of the last century caused to seek rapid growth of urbanization disintegration hierarchy between urban and inter-urban that create  in human communities broad inequalities, social, economic as well as environment damage. In this research is studied that Tabriz city from spatial structure and stability that much data gathered from filed survey, statistics, agencies, offices and the statistical center of Iran and……..In many aspects of analyzed environment, economic, social and physical. The results in this survey that to application fuzzy Topsis technique has been investigation in the area 6 and 3 respectively 0.49 and 0.45 preferences points higher levels sustainability of the criteria. The regional 10 and 8 have shown respectively to 0.19 and 0.23 at the in bottom these preferences. City analyzed show that situation perspective from view point stable and uneatable residential environment in the city regional too fault of northern city is one of the most important factors the difference. The next step there  are  steep and very steep in some of terrain in this city that  is not suitable in human residential as well as congestion, crowded, noisy, congestion traffic, marginal, and worn textures  are from  factors of min this different  in areas of the city and results this research .

Reasonable distribution of the fruits of economic development among the majority of the important features of a dynamic and healthy. Planners to achieve this purpose in reducing inequalities and imbalances through the development and implementation of several programs deprivation and open all the positive aspects of development are emphasized. This study aimed to determine the level of city districts have been developed Zarrindasht. According to the examined factors and nature of the subject, the dominant approach is this cross-sectional study.This research has an objective, practical, and in the literature, to collect information from a library of methods and questionnaires were used. The population of this research, consulting engineers, experts and agricultural experts Housing Foundation will form randomly sample size is set to the number of 24 people between them. F TOPSIS techniques have been used to analyze the data and index weight is achieved using F AHP technique. The results show that the district Khosuyeh is loaded into ci 0/ 593maximum weight is allocated and placed in the first place. Ci 0/ 591district is loaded into second place zirab.The Western Izadkhast district with the ci 0/428, villages and Dabiran district is loaded into ci 0/241Eastern Izadkhast with the ci 0/126were ranked third to fifth. In terms of development of villages Zirab and Khosuyeh as developed villages were selected. Izadkhast districts of Western and Eastern Izadkhast Dabiran developing and villages in the area are excluded.

smart urban growth represents the kind of development that promotes civic life and social vitality, public transport and reduce the adverse environmental effects, Planners and urban designers are at the forefront of considerations And restore the city as an active and healthy environment for all citizens to be able to provide a good future. The aim of the study is to assess spatial distribution of smart urban growth in the city of Kerman. Research methodology is descriptive - analytic. To analyze the data from quantitative models and qualitative planning and FuzzyTopsis WASPAS is used. The results obtained show fuzzytopsis multi-attribute techniques, areas of Kerman in terms of smart urban growth as a region (Rank 3) the amount of (0.462), Region Two (Rank 1) the amount of (0.634), region Three (Rank 2) the amount of (0.559), and the four (Rank 4) the amount of (0.441) and whiskey. Restrictions / Guidelines: As the investigation related to smart urban growth in the city and collect data using questionnaires have been Therefore, on completion of the research process constraints such as distance, cost, working people and the officials arises. Practical implications: such strategies identified key strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats in order to improve the smart urban growth In the form, public transport, walking, cycling, amusement park ride is.

The tourism industry has become a major economic activity in the early years of the 21st Century and is considered one of the most productive and most employment-oriented global industries. Tourism is one of the most important factors generating wealth and employment in the world. It is necessary to plan for the proper exploitation of this industry, The most important steps to plan are to locate sites for providing tourists with the services they need in the form of tourist villages, This research is for the city of Shush which is one of the most important tourist areas of Khuzestan province And since it has many ancient monuments, it has attracted many tourists, , But the city has been at a very low level in terms of having a space worthy of tourists. Therefore, the conditions reinforced the idea of creating a tourism village. In this research, location-based discussion was conducted through a fuzzy inference system, Finally, the Fuzzy Topsis method has been used to protect the environment and to some extent extend sustainable tourism development. The ranking of these sites is based on environmental criteria. In the fuzzy inference system by applying the layers required in this method, four sites are considered to be very suitable.Then, using Fuzzy Topsis, which includes 10 criteria and 4 options, identified the best site on site 4. This site will bring the least damage to the environment, Located on the banks of the Dez River, most of the area has been covered by ground. In terms of maintaining environmental criteria, the site has a completely organic environment than other sites.

The study of the nature of an applied research and in terms of methodology placed as descriptive and analytical research methods for data collection, the library and collect the purposes of the research-based data and General Population and Housing Census data tables and statistics common forms (particularly Statistical Yearbook 2011, Bushehr province). It is worth noting that the total population of the study was habitable villages located in Bushehr Province (861 villages) in order to assess the level of their development, 66 components in the form of development indicators from official statistics Bushehr Shipping and was evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The findings of research analysis confirmed the existence of gaps in the distribution and allocation of facilities and rural services, Suggests that there have been the most popular development gap in communication parameters equal to 0/55, service equal to 0/48 and health care equal to 0/42. The results also showed that the gap has been the administrative, security index equal to 0/32, equal to 0/24 in the underlying index, education index of 0/20 and religious-cultural index equal to 0/19.

IntroductionIt may be asserted that housing problem is globally widespread. However, in developing countries, this problem has become critical because of population and urbanization's rapid growth, internal immigrations, lack of sufficient financial resources, problems regarding land supply, construction materials supply and lack of specialized human forces and, most importantly, lack of proper policy and planning concerning land and housing. As one of the developing countries, Iran is not an exception in this regard.
The analysis of qualitative and quantitative problems of housing is done through items which are seen as variables named "housing indicators" which indicate the different economic, social, cultural, and physical dimensions of the housing as well as the key tool for portraying the perspective of the housing and its planning. The study of physical indicators and form of the housing has special importance. This research tried to study and evaluate the physical indicators of the housing in Piranshahr and analyze the features, characteristics, and generally, the physical condition of the city (based on 15 districts) from different aspects to the extent that the information can be extracted. Generally, the most important goals of this research can be summarized as follows:Correct and sufficient identification of the status quo of Piranshahr in order to achieve a proper and efficient planning for the physical condition of the housing;
Identifying and understanding the physical condition of the neighborhoods in the city by emphasis on its effect on the spatial justice.
Theoretical FrameworkHousing as one of the most important basic necessities of mankind is known to tremendously affect human health and well-being. It is widely acknowledged that adequate housing is essential for good life. Housing is a very complicated and widespread issue with different spatial, architectural, physical, economic, social, financial, psychological, and medical aspects. For this purpose, various definitions have been presented for it such that the housing is considered as a physical place and shelter as well as one of the basic and essential needs of family. The study of the housing indicators is one of the known tools and methods for understanding the nature of governing features on the housing which by its help, we can identify effective procedures in the housing. Based on this, housing indicators are the most important key tools in the housing planning which can be used to identify the effective parameters for housing and facilitate decision-making in the process of the housing planning. Housing indicators are divided into four major groups: 1-social, 2-economic, 3-physical, and 4-demographic.
MethodologyThis research is of applied-developmental type which used the descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the neighborhoods was all the statistical and extracted data related to Piranshahr city in 2012. The studied indicators included 5 major categories: the age of buildings (in three levels of less than 10 years, 10 to 30 years, and more than 30 years); the quality of buildings (in four levels of repaired, ruined, renewed, and maintainable); the granularity of the residential units (in 7 levels); the number of the floors (1,2,3 and more than 4 floors); and aggregates (in 5 levels including clay, metal frame, wood-block, brick-block, and iron-brick). For this purpose, in order to weight the indicators, network analysis model was used, and in order to rank the urban neighborhoods and evaluate their condition, fuzzy TOPSIS model was used.
Results & DiscussionThe study of the current condition in Piranshahr city shows that the condition of housing is not equal in different neighborhoods of the city and they have significant differences compared to each other. However, by a look to the condition of housing indicators in different neighborhoods, it becomes clear that a significant percentage of the houses has not been developed in accordance with the available standards. Also, the final indicator of the physical quality of housing in Piranshahr shows that 26.7% of the neighborhoods in the city have desired quality, 40% have moderate quality, and 33.3% have undesired quality indicating the relative difference of the neighborhoods in the city.
Conclusions & SuggestionsRegarding the obtained results, we can claim that most of the neighborhoods are not in suitable conditions in terms of the number of floors indicating the spatial difference in the residence pattern of the urban neighborhoods. Furthermore, the findings showed that most urban neighborhoods are in an instable condition. Finally, it is hoped that the suitable condition is achieved in the urban development plans as soon as possible by the cooperation of authorities and people in the proper implementation of the urban development plan, land preparation, and renovation of the old texture.

The meaning of development is improvement of all aspects of human life, commonly. Development affects all of society stratums on all aspects of life. And use from available resources, rationality. In the rural areas the realization of such development is results of creating of social and economical equilibrium for whole of people aspects and to honor their civil and their participation in the base of return and logical reliance to environmental forgotten resources. Therefore, social development is important role on rural development. The aim of this research measurement and get Priority of social development in the rural areas by way Fuzzy Topsis Technique, in the Meshhinshahr county. The methodological approach was a descriptive –analytical of the survey type. Statistical population of this study consisted of all Farmers in Meshkinshar County. The sample size determined by using Cochran formula (n=185). The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. A pilot test was conducted to determine to reliability of the questionnaire and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.79 was achieved. The achieved data’s were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis techniques. In the end, the results of multi –attribute decision making methods in the base of calculated weights showed that dehstans of Shaban and Salavat lied in the first rank in view of social development, respectively, and dehestans of Shomali arshagh lied in the last rank. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.

Iran is located on the world’s Sun Belt; therefore the required energy of many parts of the country can be generated through photovoltaic systems. One of the most salient characteristic of renewable energy with regard to its conversion and usage is its dependency on geographical location as well as numerous contradicting factors. A suitable site for solar farm must fulfill a series of economic, conservational, climatic, geographic and demographic considerations simultaneously. This research uses multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), fuzzy principles and GIS tools to evaluate the optimized place of photovoltaic solar power plants in Iran. To achieve this objective, three approaches are considered, namely: TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), Sugeno-type Fuzzy inference system and fuzzy TOPSIS. After obtaining experts’ opinions, site selection steps have been taken in two main steps: first, the deduction of impossible points (constrained); second, the calculation of location’s potential using raster analysis. The comparison of the above methods showed that Fuzzy TOPSISº from the perspective of continuity and involving elementsº had better performance. TOPSIS Method 14.71% and fuzzy TOPSIS 18.33% and Sugeno 20.52% of the total area are considered as suitable area for the construction of solar power plants. All three methods had similar results. The priority of country’s sections for locating solar farm locations are estimated as, Narimanshir, Nobandegan, Farajhiand, Bahmanpour, Shibkoh and Gavbandi through all methods with subtle variations.

Identifying the natural, economic and social potentials in an area improves the future plans for the area while preventing unexpected drawbacks in tourism development and environmental destructions. Of the important issues in tourism, identifying potentials, prioritizing infrastructures and tourism attractions in various areas of a city as well as the distribution of these infrastructures and facilities can be mentioned. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province with its numerous natural, historical and cultural attractions can attract a lot of tourists each year. This article aims to prioritize Gorgan attractions using eight indicators of number of tourists, infrastructures, facilities and services, accessibility, attraction potentials, ability to attract tourists during different seasons, economic and environmental influences. The study is a descriptive - analytical one which was developed for the analysis of the data through combining AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS model. The population of the study consisted of 25 individuals who were experts in the tourism sector. The required data were collected using a questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be .85. According to the results of the fuzzy TOPSIS model, tourism places of the mentioned province were prioritized from the highest to the lowest as follows : Yasuj Waterfall, Kuh Gol Lake, Mishi Spring, Dena protected area, Yasuj Forest Park, Belghis Spring, Kemer Dugh Waterfall,  Creek Village, Shallal Don Path, and finally Sarvak.

The social welfare of rural people is related to numerous factors such as employment، suitable income، access to services as education and sanitation، health، natural environment، security and strong association. In addition، rural social welfare including a series of arrangements and supports of social that with assistance of rural people participation and governmental and Non-governmental of engagement to rural areas arise for pushing of rural development plans for removal the needs of rural people and protect human dignity. The methodological approach was a descriptive –analytical of the survey type. Statistical population of this study consisted of all Farmers in Meshkinshar County. The sample size determined by using Cochran formula (n=196). The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. A pilot test was conducted to determine to reliability of the questionnaire and Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0. 84 to 0. 97 was achieved. The achieved data’s were analyzed by way Fuzzy Topssis techniques. In the end، the results of multi –attribute decision making methods in the base of calculated weights showed that dehstans of Tazakand and Savalan lied in the first rank in view of social Welfare، respectively، and dehestans of Gheshlaghe Gharbi lied in the last rank. Finally، based on the results analysis، some applied recommendations have been provided.