جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اثر جایگزینی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Economic theorists have different approaches on the function of governmental investment over economic activities of private section، so that according to the stand point of Keynesian، governmental investment intrigues private investment. On the contrary، classists argue that governmental investment causes private sectors to be driven out from economic activities. Ricardianeconomics is also believed the neutral and non- effective role of governmental investment on instigation of private activities. The present paper is carried out according to the annual data of the Central Bank through the years 1959-2012، using annual data via Johansen co integration test. The results have indicated that governmental investment has positive and meaningful significance based on Johansen common cumulative approach which has been normalized by private investment. It also presented that increasing in governmental investment would certainly lead to the increasing of private investment which represents a supplementary relation. The stated condition is in accordance with Keynesian’s theory. Government expenditure has also have negative as well as meaningful effect and the production of civil gross according to the expectation of a theorem has a positive symptom. The results have shown that inflation has insignificant impact on private investment which is not significant.

The impacts of market structure on productivity, having been studied through a variety of mechanisms, can be analyzed by using the factors related to market structure and productivity. This paper, studies the relationship between market structure and productivity in Iran's manufacturing sector, during 1995 – 2007. The results show that market competitive structure has positive effects on productivity but adverse effects on the growth of productivity. Monopoly structure and its profitability improves productivity growth by encouraging the firms to make investment in R&D. In monopoly industries the net entrance of firms produces positive effects, while in the competitive industries it results in negative effects on productivity growth. During the boom time, the growth of productivity in competitive industries, due to further entrance of firms, decreases, but in monopoly industries it increases which is the result of encouraging the firms to make investments and expand their market size. In addition, for both monopoly and competitive structures, imports enhance productivity growth by encouraging firms to reduce their expenses and increase their profitability. Keywords: