جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استان فارس » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Today, energy is one of the most critical elements of society. With the increase in the world population, energy demand is growing intensely. In this regard, traditional fossil fuel thermal power plants have negative environmental impacts. However, renewable energy systems can produce much cleaner energy using renewable resources. Therefore, countries are transitioning from traditional fossil fuel-based power plants to fully renewable energy systems for a more sustainable world. However, to build an efficient plan for the renewable energy transition, an accurate and comprehensive model is required that can calculate the expected impacts of each strategy to follow. 

EnergyPLAN, an input/output energy system modeling tool with various available components, provides the opportunity to accurately model any energy strategy model. In this study, EnergyPLAN is used to model the energy system of Fars and investigate the potential of the province. Fars is the fourth most populous province in Iran, with an approximate population of 4.8 million. Having 3.26 kWh and 7.21 kWh of minimum and maximum daily solar radiation has made Fars a potential province for solar energy. Also, the annual average wind speed of 5.43 m/s provides opportunities for wind turbine investments. In this study, the energy system of the Fars province in the past, present, and future periods are modeled using EnergyPLAN. For the past modeling, the historical data of energy demands and supplies are used; then, for modeling the current energy systems, the relevant data are gathered and modeled in EnergyPLAN. For future energy system modeling, the realistic data for the Fars province are used in the modeling. Eventually, the environmental impact of these scenarios is compared.
FindingsThe modelings are performed considering the electricity demands and any power plants (for example, thermal power plants, renewable energy systems, and hydropower). Modeling the past scenario indicates that 26.94 MTon CO2 would have been emitted in the past four years. The second scenario is built upon the premise that the prevailing renewable energy systems had been constructed four years ago. The result of this scenario demonstrates a 1.11 MTon less CO2 emission compared to the first scenario. The results of modeling the current energy systems of Fars indicate that existing renewable energy systems in the province are 3% of the total electricity demand. Also, further analysis suggests that in the absence of current renewable energy systems in the province, 280,000 Tons more CO2 will be emitted.For the future scenario, the current data are forecasted for the future, using the previous trend in the growth of demands and supplies. Considering that no new power plants will be built until 2024, the results indicate that the renewable energy fraction will rise to 2.7 % by 2024. However, by using the available data on the construction plans of renewable energy systems until 2024, the results indicate that the renewable energy fraction will reach 14.8 %, and 930,000 Ton less CO2 will be emitted compared to the previous case. 

EnergyPLAN as an accurate energy modeling tool has been used in this study to model the past, current, and future energy flow of Fars province. This has happened by using historical and current data and forecasting future data. The results showed that if the existing renewable energy plants had been built four years sooner, 1.11 MTon less CO2 would have been emitted until now. This demonstrates the role of timing in the construction of renewable energy systems. The result of modeling the current and future energy scenarios indicates that if the current renewable energy systems are built until 2024, 930,000 Ton less CO2 will be emitted. Therefore, considering the province’s high solar and wind potential, it is suggested that more renewable energy systems be built to decrease the CO2 emission cumulatively, and the construction of the traditional power plants should be prohibited. Also, other sources of renewables like biomass and geothermal should be considered in the energy planning to provide a more versatile renewable energy supply to the province. However, the fossil fuel power plants have the advantage of low cost in Iran, making the competition challenging for clean energy sources. Removing the subsidies for fossil fuels can make the competition fairer and provide more opportunities for renewable energy systems to grow in the province.

The need for regional planning has attracted the attention of economic researchers and policy makers in the world and Iran in recent years. Hence, various methods have been proposed for the use of regional data by researchers and scholars. But, due to the lesser history of this type of planning and the different data for each country, the use of regional planning methods for another country needs to be adjusted appropriately with the data of country under study. In the present study, the input-output table of Fars province, using the FLQ method, based on the national input-output table of 2011, has been computed in 15 sectors defined by the Statistical Center of Iran. Then, the corrected Ghosh supply-driven matrix was used in order to calculate δ accurately, due to the inwardness of the regional input-output table. The results of this method help to improve the result and make it more logical.  Then, using the RAS method, the table extracted by the FLQ method is adjusted to replace the actual data of Fars province. After that, a modified method is proposed to resolve the RAS method defect. The results show that although the use of the FLQ-RAS method reduces the residuals, it does not necessarily modulate the matrix of domestic intermediate cost correctly. However, the use of the modified FLQ-RAS method, in addition to reduce the number of residuals, makes adjustments more acceptable

The purpose of this study was Assess the willingness of the unemployed to undertake cooperative activities and Factors affecting in the city of Shiraz. The Statistical population was jobseekers that referred to job centers in Shiraz city due to time and budget, among them 70 people selected as sample and the data were collected by using a questionnaire. Data were collected with interviews and proportional stratified sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS, The questionnaire was reviewed by experts to determine its validity. After that some minor changes was implemented in the questionnaire. The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha was determined between 0.72 and 0.81 which is an indication of reliability of instrument. Results of descriptive statistics show that the age mean of the sample group was 29.5 years. 64.3% of the subjects were single and 35.7 percent were married. 55 percent were male and 45 percent were women. The lowest frequency belonged to individuals with a bachelor's degree and the most frequent are those with a bachelor's degree. The results of Analytical statistics show that there is a significant relationship between age, level of education, knowledge and attitude toward cooperation with their desire to cooperative activities. The results of multiple regressions showed that education level, main influential factors on tendency of respondents to the cooperative's activities.

In the present study, the cross sectional data of 2013-14 were collected through questionnaires from 201 irrigated-wheat producers in Fasa applying multistage random cluster sampling to investigate the effects of energy carriers’ price rising on environmental quality. Firstly, through utilizing Almost Ideal Supply System and estimating the demands of wheat inputs and the complementary and substitutionary relationships between the inputs. Then, consistence with targeted subsidies plan, various energy (gas oil and electricity) prices increase scenarios are employed to calculate changes in the demand for production inputs. In this study, changes in quantity demand inputs for water, chemical pesticides, fertilizers and energy carriers’ has been used as an indicator of environmental quality. The results indicated that own-price elasticity of compensated demand are negative for all inputs. Also the cross elasticities of compensated coefficients revealed complementary relationships between gas, oil, machinery and electricity, labor, and the substitutionary relationship between gas oil and electricity and as  well as gas oil and labor. The effects of the price rising of gas oil and electricity indicated that by increasing in price these carriers, the environmental quality reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that policy in wheat production should be implemented with further considerations. Finally, despite its low own-price and cross elasticities of compensated demand inputs, the substitutionary they can implicitly suggests appropriately willingness of producers to use inputs other instead of energy. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should introduce technologies replacing energies and promote consistent environmental instead.

The main goal of this research is to investigate the causal relationship between financial development and export growth in Fars province. To this end four different indices including private deposit ratio، banking credit to private sector، credit balance ratio and M2 to GDP ratio were to estimate financial development. The results of the estimation showed that there is unidirectional causality form export growth to financial development. As a result، the findings support the demand following hypothesis for Fars and reject the supply leading theory advocated by Patrick (1966). This indicates that the expansion of exports leads to financial development. This might be due to the demand of exporting firms for financing their imports of raw materials، primary and capital goods، new technology and also for receiving financial supports against foreign uncertainties and domestic shocks.

There is a high potential for nurturing cold water fish and especially trout in Fars province. The objective of this study is to investigate the production condition of the individual trout nurturing farms in Fars province. To get the objective concepts of production function, efficiency and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was applied. The concepts were evaluated by using data of 56 active farms during (1382-1387). The findings of the production function showed that the farms have experienced a constant return to scale during the selected period and the food has been the main production factor. Under variable return to scale, the technical, allocative and scale efficiency of the farms were obtained 0/963, 0/622 and 0/984 on average, respectively. The results showed increasing return to scale in the case of more than two-third of farms. It was also revealed that TFP of the farms has been increased by 16% during the selected period, coming from only technological progress and both part of technical efficiency including pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency has been decreased.

Government supporting policies in the case of strategic crops have been inclined toward consumers. The polices influence farmers cultivation pattern. Nominal Protection Rate is as a measure to investigate the impact of government pricing polices on crop production. The impact of government pricing policy on wheat growers response over 1353-1385 (1974-2006) was studied using Cointegration analysis. Fluctuations of nominal protection rate during the selected period revealed that price polices have not been flexible in proportion to the changes in conditions. Nominal protection rate of less than unity over the study period indicates that not only wheat growers have not been supported but also have paid tax implicitly. The cointegration analysis showed a positive long run relationship between nominal protection rate and cropping area as well as wheat production.

Fars province, with the population almost equal to the 6.5 percent of the total country population and noticeable geographic-wide and remarkable facilities and suitable economic-social capabilities, always has been encounter to defects and shortages. Thus, understanding of povertystatus in urban and rural areas of the Province can make a suitable predisposition for the short and long run policy makings in order to province development. With regarding to it, the poverty status in rural and urban regions is being considered during the years 1995-2007. For that purpose of presentations of poverty definitions and its kinds and reviews on literatures, absolute poverty line is determined on the basis of fifty percent of median household expenditures, and then the poverty indices like headquant ratio, poverty income gap ratio, severity of poverty, Sen index and Kakwani index are calculated for the urban and rural areas of the province. The results of poverty indices show that the annual absolute poverty line in urban areas is more than rural areas and poverty indices trend in urban and rural areas show the decreasing poverty trend in these areas during the period of this study.

This paper tries to calculate and compare the trend of costs inequality between Iran’s Fars Province and the whole country in two categories of rural and urban regions within 1981-2008. Therefore, inequality indicators, i.e. Gini coefficient and income groups share, are estimated by nonparametric method. The results of studying the income distribution trend, i.e. Gini coefficient calculated from the detailed household cost-income statistics, and testing the hypotheses show that statically there is not a significant difference between the amount of economic inequality of Fars Province rural-urban regions and that of the whole country. But these calculations by Gini coefficient resulted from gross individual costs data indicate a significant difference between rural-urban regions of Fars Province and the whole country. This means that (in the latter case) the inequality of rural-urban regions of Fars Province is less than that of the rural-urban regions of the whole country. In contrast, income distribution in both the rural and urban regions of the province was the same

Intensive usage of farm inputs has resulted in environment pressure. The pressure is mainly due to the widely use of chemical inputs and the overdraft of groundwater resources. So, there is a conflict between environmental objectives in the form of lowering resources use and farmers’ objectives in form of maximizing production by using more inputs. In this study, environmental and farmers’ objectives are considered by using multi objective programming. Environmental objectives include the reduction of water, chemical fertilizer, and pistons consumption and farmer' objectives consist of increasing gross return and decreasing risk. The data required to this study are collected from Marvdashst agricultural crops farmers in Fars province. Based on the results, there are trade offs among objectives and a desired combination of objectives. The findings show that the crops of cucumber, canola and barley are consistent with both environmental policy makers and farmers’ considerations. Onion and wheat crops are important from the farmers’ point of view rather than environmental policy makers. Rice, maize and hay maize crops have no priority to cultivate.

This study is carried out with the objective of analyzing the marketing of saffron in Fars Province and the factors at work in saffron exports in Iran. The results show that there are two main avenues of saffron marketing in Fars Province: First, producers, groceries and consumers with a total margin of 500 thousands Rials, and secondly, producers, whole-sellers, retailers and consumers with a total margin of 520 thousands Rials per one kg. The marketing costs and the share of contractors from the marketing costs in the first avenue were 351 thousands Rials and 64 per cent, respectively. Similar figures for the second avenue were calculated as 353 thousands Rials and 62 per cent, respectively. Price inefficiencies in the aforementioned avenues were about 17 and 68 per cent, respectively. The models for marginal marketing demonstrated that the retail prices and marketing costs were the effective factors marketing margins. In addition, the export supply function implies that Iranian saffron exports depend largely on the world's prices.

This paper aims at estimation of own price elasticity, cross price elasticity and elasticity of saving with respect to income and price in the framework of the linear expenditures system (LES). Our findings show that aggregate marginal propensity to expenditure (MPC) is 0.72 beverange, fast food and tobacco products, and housing are 0.098 and 0.08, respectively. The lowest MPC belongs to flour, cereal and bread with 0.028. Estimated income elasticity of goods and services dedicate that foods (excluding beverage, fast food and tobacco products) are necessity but housing, transportation, communication and entertainment are luxury. The price elasticity of saving reveals that any increase in flour and products, meat, milk and products, edible oils, fruits and vegetables, clothing and footwear will result in a decrease in the saving. The income elasticity of saving is 2.45.