جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الگوی خود توضیح با وقفه های گسترده » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The effects of the tax on economic activities are one of the most important issues in general finance. Taxes are the most important source of revenue for the government, in addition to being an important means of implementing government fiscal policies. Since taxes affect resource allocation, they will have important effects on real economic variables. Therefore, the effects of direct and indirect taxation on private investment have been studied. The method of gathering statistics and data is a library based on time series statistics of 1996-2018, which are derived from the central bank, the effect of government development expenditure, GDP, direct tax, indirect tax, business index, and risk index on investment have been estimated using the ARDL method for the Iranian economy. Government construction expenditure, direct taxation and risk index have a negative relationship with private investment, but GDP, indirect taxes and business index have a positive impact on private investment. Considering the inverse relation between direct tax and private investment as well as the positive relation between indirect tax and private investment, the imposition of tax breaks for direct taxes and an increase of indirect taxes can be effective in encouraging private investment.

Although studies about responses of trade balance to exchange rate volatilities have been considered static until 1970s, the entering of J-curve phenomenon in international economics studies lead attention to short-run dynamics response of trade balance to exchange rate volatilities. Moreover, new approach of S-curve have been introduced for investigating short-run effects of real exchange rate volatilities on trade balance in recent decades which can be useful for policy implications. Using a suitable model, this study tries to investigate the existence of J and S curves among Iran and its 16 major trade partners. In tis regards, an auto-regressive distributed lags model have been used to estimate short-run trade balance equation and J-curve and the cross-correlation have been used to investigate S-curve during 1985-2014. The results show that J and S curve phenomenon of bilateral trade balance is confirmed for almost countries. Hence policy makers should apply suitable policies for bilateral exchange rate to minimize losses caused from real exchange rate fluctuations.

The Population and its Related Properties, Is The Foundation and Cornerstone of any Planning and Policy. Economic Growth of any Society is a Sign of Welfare. Among the Most Important Factors that Influence the Economic Welfare of the Country Population. Therefore, the Present Study Sought to Examine and Analyze the Impact of Population on GDP Per Capita in The Country in The Period 1360-1390 using Iterative Methods Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The Results Show That the Coefficients of The Variables That Affect all Economic Theories and Models in Accordance With The Long-Term Fertility Rate Significantly Positive Effect on The Welfare State. Also Coefficient of Error Correction Shows That in Every Year about 53 Percent of The Lack of Balance Short Term for Long Term Access to Balance Adjustment.

The main aim of this paper is investigating the effect of property rights security on private investment in Iran during 1971-2011. For doing so, the long-run relationship between property rights security, and other factors on private investment, considering the structural breaks, has been studied. The result of Pesaran et al. (2001) cointegration bound test shows that, there is a long-run relationship between property rights security and private investment. The ARDL test result shows that property rights security has a significant effect on private investment in Iran in long-run, and short-run for this effect is significantly weakend. The results also show that, the impact of property rights security on private investment is sensitive to the type of property rights security index. So, the government can pay more attention to their traditional duties, and also change in the social legal system according to the change in the production system, helping to protect property rights and increase private investment.

Transportation sector is an important part of a production and consumption cycle. The expansion of transportation leads to increase the activities of the labor and capital and creates positive externalities for other economic sectors. Therefore, it has an important role in the process of economic growth. This paper investigates the effect of government investment in the transportation sector on economic growth during 1973- 2009 in Iran. For this purpose, an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model will be developed. Our findings show that, in short-term., investing in transportation has a significant positive effect on GDP. In long-run, GDP elasticity to public investment in transportation is a significant positive value equal to 0.08. Then, by positive effects mentioned above, we recommend more and more governmental investment in this sector.