جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بازتوزیع » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Justice is known as one of the most important principles of any economic system and pursuing other objectives such as efficiency and economic growth should go along with achieving justice. In Islamic economics, redistributive justice as a kind of justice can be achieved through obligatory and voluntary charities or through government subsidies. In this study, we generalize two-period overlapping generations model by entering the Islamic guidelines for redistribution in this model and examine the economic impact of redistributive behavior by analyzing the model in Islamic economics framework. The results show that an increase in redistributive behavior that emerges in the form of in Infaq (Transfer payment), has a positive impact on saving and capital accumulation and therefore is consistent with economic growth. So, one optimal approach for implementation of redistributive justice is to encourage people to Infaq and voluntary donations.

This paper investigates the effect of redistributive politics on the composition of government expenditure. By applying a dynamic and complete information game, it is shown that the quality of institutions is a key determinant of how much the government revenue is spent on public goods. The main finding of this paper is that in democracies with high quality of institution, less transfer is demanded through election period, but when the quality of institutions is low, voters prefer more direct transfer despite the high positive externality of public goods on production (and income), this fact in turn can lead to populism. This model can explain why in some occasions, the majority of population vote for a populist candidate who promises extreme redistributive policies at the expense of other policies which are harmful for economic growth in the long-run.

One of the most fundamental outputs of social security systems is the redistribution mechanism. With moving from FUND to PAYG position and vice versa, the system shows intergenerational redistribuation and within-cohort redistribuation effects, depends on financial organization. According to the law, the mechanism considered for social security system in IRAN is FUND. Thus, we expect within-cohort redistribuation. This research tests this important note with evaluating insured individual accounts. The resualts show, in different target population deciles, internal rate of return (IRR) is 47 to 85% with average 53% and benefit – cost ratio (B/C) is 2.6 to 10.3 with average 3.7. This indicates that the necessary investment rate is 53%, while with current optimistic assessment, this rate is 30% for long-term, which shows intergenerational redistribuation. The effect inflation increase on redistribution test indicates current and future generation losses and also intensifying intergenerational redistribuation.

The cash transfer program is one of various types of the safety net programs that are used in many countries as protective programs. In this paper with purpose of "investigation and evaluation of the subsidy payment methods in cash format to apply this compensatory program to redistribute released sources of subsidy targeting plan in Iran", in addition to survey of cash transfer programs theory, advantages and disadvantages of such programs in comparison with conditional cash transfer programs have been investigated.The results of studying of theoretical principles and the experience of other countries in using of cash transfer programs, indicate that the main goal of these programs isnt necessarily to pay cash money to the people, but according to the literature of these programs, they include certain types of payments, such as pension, unemployment insurance, social assistance, various payments to disabled people and retirement insurance. Therefore, it seems that the definition and the concept used in "subsidy targeting law" for "subsidy cash payments" in Iran, has essential differences with whatever that used in other countries. Maybe these different points of view happened for the negligence and unskillful ness of critics and scholars involved in preparing the theoretical principles of this bill. Therefore, it is expected that as long as the policy makers and planners view in redistributing subsidy cash payment doesnt modified, there is not better eventuality than the general subsidy system (current situation).