جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "علیت تودا و یاماموتو" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

In recent decades environment has been an important issue more than any other time. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality indicator in selected developing countries (including 32 country) for the period 2002-2013 by using a dynamic panel method based on generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between economics growth and degradation of environment (environmental quality degradation), which means that an increase in environment degradation indicator increased the economic growth. This case is because of the rate of resource depletion begins to exceed the rate of resource regeneration and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the studied countries. The results of Sargen and Arellano-bond autocorrelation test also respectively show, there is correlation between tools and component disruption and model does not have autocorrelation in the first order difference. Meanwhile results of Toda and Yamamoto Causality test show the existence of unilateral relationship from the Environment Degradation indicator to Economic Growth.

The Objective of this research is to study the relationship between land price and housing prices in Iran according to the mutual causation perspective. Based on Haizhen and Allen (2013) model and using a simultaneous equations system and two-stage least squares method to study the issue between the first quarter of 1998 to the fourth quarter of 2012. The results of Toda and Yamamoto causality and Hausman test indicates that there are bilateral causality between land prices and housing prices and the results of two-stage least squares method indicate that rising land prices have increased housing prices and rising housing prices have increased land prices. It is suggested that due to the special characteristics of land such as (no depreciation and low maintenance costs), reduced the storage of land by using tax and interdiction and specific incentive policies and led to the proportional transfer in supply and demand for land by reducing unemployment and rising income and demand.

The economy's dependence on oil revenues and derivatives of these products make the country's economy heavily influenced by the volatility and instability of the pricing of these products. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop non-oil exports. This paper examines the causality relation and the effect of foreign direct investment, economic openness and real exchange rate on non-oil exporting in I.R.Iran. Using annual data covering the period 1974-2008, vector auto regressive method and Toda- Yamamoto causality test it is shown that significant and positive effect exist between openness of economy, foreign direct investment, and real exchange rate on non- oil export variable. More over the existence of a single causality relation from real exchange rate and economic openness to non–oil exporting has been proved.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiaos-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests for investigating short-run relation between two variables. The results of the model estimation reveal that there is a unilateral causality from the GDP per capita to per capita health expenditure.Due to the results of this paper, the main implication policy of this study is that the policymakers and economic planners should adopt the suitable policies to improve economic growth and GDP per capita. Because, the increase of GDP per capita can be enhance the consumption expenditures and especially, health expenditures per capita.

Tourism is an activity where capital, infrastructure, knowledge and access to global marketing and distribution chains are critical. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often considered one of the most effective engines for harnessing these elements. This study applies panel causality methods to investigate the relationship between FDI and tourism in Developing Countries during 1882-2002. For this purpose, the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto (TY) causality tests used for investigating causality relationship between two variables.The model estimation reveal finds that there is unilateral causality from tourismto FDI. With respect to results of this study, the main implication policy is that the policy makers and economic planners should be adopting the suitable policies to improve tourism industry.