جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فرآورده های نفتی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Currently, National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company is the exclusive distributor of various petroleum products all over Iran. High price of land in large cities and small amounts of revenue creates a waek competitive environment in which private sector is not motivated enough to invest on construction of gas stations, hence this situation leads to a shortage of gas stations in the country. One of the ways to overcome this insufficiency is to use capacities of private sector in the process of petroleum products distribution. In order to deregulate the market for distribution of petroleum products in the country, it is necessary to reform its structure. However, implementing this change should happen gradually and in different stages. Also, in all stages the government should supervise the execution of the task. In this paper, three stages of restructuring the market for petroleum products distribution in the country has been proposed. The first stage is to creat the necessary conditions for establishment of qualified firms which their duty is to receive petroleum products from oil depots and to distribute the products in filling stations. Because petroleum products in Iran have subsidized prices, it is necessary for the government to determine the commission rate paid to private firms entering this field in a way that their activity is economically viable. In this paper, by considering current and capital costs and using economic engineering- feasibility model proposed by United Nations Industrial Development Organization- and with the help of COMFAR III Expert software, we have calculated the commission rate payable to distribution companies for different values of land prices. Calculation results show that if land price considered to be zero, net commission rate payable to private distribution companies for one liter of petroleum product should be 783 IRRs. In conditions in which the distribution company is owner of either out-of-town or center of province, this number should be 808 and 1153 IRRs respectively. This number for a case in which stations are constructed by the distribution companies in combined locations: centers of provices, other cities and out-of-town stations, is calculated to be 956 IRRs.

In recent years, the reform of oil product prices has been on the agenda for enforcing subsidies targeting and moving towards real prices. Understanding the pricing behavior of these products prior to making any decision is very important, which can be considered as a prerequisite for many energy-related decisions. The present paper seeks to investigate the existence of a rocket-feather effect in oil product prices- high-speed and fast-moving like a rocket, in response to rising crude oil prices and slow down prices, like a feather, in response to decrease crude oil prices. In this paper, which uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model and monthly data for the period 2005 to 2016, the results indicate a long-term and short-run asymmetric as well as rocket-feather effect for each of the five products. Therefore, in view of the above, it seems that the choice of Persian Gulf fob prices is not a suitable criterion, and the government should proceed with a favorable review in the targeted subsidy law and other related upstream legislation.

Energy is an important and key input in the whole economy and agriculture sector production. In recent years due to the increase in the financial burden of energy subsidies، targeting these subsidies has been considered. Given the likely impact of targeting on energy consumption، this study forecasts the consumption of energy carriers (oil products and electricity) in agriculture using ARIMA and ARCH models. The selected period covers 1347-1384 (1968-2005)، with the last three years used to test the forecasting ability of the models. The results of the study indicate a small increment in energy consumption in agriculture. Prediction error of ARIMA was lower than the ARCH one except for oil products.

Industrial Countries in their Negotiation with oil producing countries particularly OPEC, in view of the fact that an Increase in the price of oil is conducive to the reduction of economic growth, expect efforts on the parts of these countries to control price through increase in production.
This paper presents an economy assessing model through reviewing energy policy and goals of price taxes on the petroleum products in OECD countries and petroleum taxes on the petroleum market price.
The study reveals that an increase of one percent of crude oil prices will lead to 0.22 percent increase in the market price of the oil products if the other factors are kept constant. one percent increase in tax leads to 0.61 percent increase in the market price of oil products and this is exactly three times increase as a result of one percent increase in the price of crude oil. It should be added that if all factors dont change, there would be 0.03 percent reduction in oil demands. An increase of one percent on tax leads to reduction of 0.07 percent product demand (which is a very important factor in the economy of industrialized countries) and its outcome is twice the result of the increase of crude oil. As a result, oil producing countries can argue and barging on the role of tax on oil products and expect them to fix the price and bring about any modification on taxes.

Energy consumption & economic activities in such a way that are highly correlated. Gas and electercity account for more than 98 percent of total energy consumption in Iran. In this paper an attempt is made to study the consumptions pattern of energy carriers in Iran, using Vector-Auto Regression and Granger Causality Test. The results indicate that price variable is not important determinant of the consumption pattern of energy carriers in the country. However, there are some tendeney to change the energy consumption on the long – run.