جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات(ict)" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Economic stability via Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has sparked interesting discussions among scholars. ICT plays a crucial role in realizing sustainable development objectives. Globally, the prospective advantages of ICT are widely acknowledged. Some research has solely emphasized ICT's role in mitigating air pollution, but the ecological implications of ICT have largely been overlooked. This article is pioneering in domestic studies of ICT's influence on ecological footprint. In addition, the present research uniquely computes the ICT index through the principal component method, distinguishing it from other ICT studies conducted within Iran. In recent times, the ecological footprint has been embraced as a broader gauge for assessing environmental damage. One reason for this choice is that other environmental harm indicators, such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and others, only represent a part of the total environmental degradation. However, the ecological footprint index incorporates diverse elements like agricultural lands, pastures, fishing areas, forests, carbon footprint, and constructed lands, hence offering a more holistic measure. Concerning the topic in question, it is evident from national studies that there has been little research on identifying the factors contributing to the ecological footprint.

In this research, we investigate the impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) index on selected oil-exporting countries' ecological footprint from 2006 to 2020. To do this, we use the generalized moments method. We extracted the model of this research from the studies of Higon et al. (2017) and Caglar et al. (2021) for carbon dioxide emissions. The variables of our study include the ecological footprint (as the dependent variable), the information and communication technology index (an explanatory variable calculated using the principal component analysis (PCA) method), and control variables such as GDP per capita, exports of goods and services, financial development, and economic Complexity Index which is chosen on the review of other studies. The data used for this study are taken from databases such as the World Bank and the Global Resource Footprint Network and the Atlas of Economic Complexity.
Discussion and

Given the challenges posed by global warming to current and future generations, this study aims to explore the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the ecological footprint in chosen oil-exporting nations. This study studied the inverse U relationship of the information and communication technology index with the emission of ecological footprints from 2006 to 2020. The ecological footprint is an index of the amount of environmental pollution and a more comprehensive index than CO2. A data description was undertaken before estimating the model. The research model, built on theoretical underpinnings and past studies, was structured, and estimated by the Generalized Moments Method.The findings showed a non-linear connection between ICT and the ecological footprint in oil-exporting countries. ICT augments the ecological footprint per capita before a certain threshold, but it begins to diminish after that.The positive and significant coefficient of GDP per capita indicates the increase in ecological footprint per capita for the increase of GDP per capita. This result indicates that economic activities such as industrialization and development cause the exploitation of natural resources, which causes more pollution.Financial development has had a positive and significant effect on the ecological footprint. To prevent the destructive effect of financial development on the environment, governments in selected oil-exporting countries should develop financial markets in such a way that financial resources are available for investing in projects that help introduce clean energy technologies. The economic complexity index has had a negative and significant effect on the per capita ecological footprint. In fact, the expansion of economic complexity in the studied countries will lead to the reduction of the ecological footprint. According to the obtained result, the economic complexity index can be considered as one of the ecological footprint control factors; Therefore, the production of more complex goods that contain higher technology can lead to a reduction in energy consumption and ecological footprint; Therefore, governments can provide tax exemptions and subsidies for those companies that use new technology and clean energy, and also support knowledge-based products.The influence of goods and services exports on the ecological footprint has been negative and substantial. The significance of the quality and diversity of exported goods regarding environmental destruction has not yet been thoroughly considered. Therefore, the focus should be on enhancing the quality of export goods via cleaner production methods. Overall energy consumption should also be reduced in all countries, with policymakers prioritizing the use of renewable energy resources and promoting the reduction of fossil-fuel energy export products.The influence of urban population growth on the ecological footprint has been positive and substantial. Essentially, uncontrolled population growth, especially in developing countries, creates grave issues including scarcity of food, poor air and water quality, environmental contamination, degradation of the ecological structure, waste disposal problems, and high energy usage.

The impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the context of Iran’s economy during the period 1999 to 2019, using the Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, focused on duality of labor market (formal and informal).  The results of the study show that the development of information and communication technology affects social security resources by changing the structure of employment. A survey on the variables response to the positive impulse of ICT shows that the further increase in job opportunities in the informal sector provides more access to jobs in this sector and increasing in the participation rate, the number of informal workers increases. The finding show increasing in informal employment causes an increase in the lost resources of social security. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers and insurance funds develop flexible programs in order to expand insurance coverage and support informal workers with the participation of employers and the government.

In this study, in order to estimate the Engel curve and income elasticity of Information and communications technology (ICT) for residential urban households in Iran, the Working-Leser equations system functional form has been used considering economic and social characteristics of the households. This model is estimated using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) analysis and cross section data on nearly 19 thousands urban households for the year 2015. The results show that income elasticity of ICT for low, middle, and high-income households is 1.22, 1.12 and 0.8 respectively. These results show that ICT is a luxury good for the whole society. However, this commodity group is considered as a necessary good for the wealthy households. Also increasing the level of education leads to an increase in using of information and communication technology products. One percent increase in the years of education, leads to 0.06 percent increase in demand of information and communication technology products.

By the advent of ICT in recent decades and its continual growth, productivity and economic growth have increased rapidly specially in developed countries. However, the interaction between productivity growth and ICT investment is still subject of research at international level. This studyexamines the causality between the ICT investment and labor productivity growth using a panel data including 25 developed and 23 developing countries for the period2000- 2008. We use the Granger causality test and GMM method to estimate the model.The results demonstrate that bilateral causality between two variables exists. In other words, a growth in ICT investment leads to a growth in labor productivity and vice versa.

The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on energy consumption in the MENA region selected countries during the period 1995-2011. For this purpose, used the model presented by Sadorsky (2012) and three indicators that measured ICT: the number of Internet users, the number of mobile lines and the number of telephone lines. Also, estimated and analyzed the short run and long run elasticities between the variables of the model using a system generalized method of moments (GMM-SYS). The results show that the development of ICT with each three measured indices, increased energy consumption per capita in MENA region selected countries in the short run and long run. So that a one percent increases in this indicator, average of energy consumption increases in the short run and long run respectively 0.007 and 0.089 percent.

Compared with the abundant studies on the effect of ICT on productivity and economic growth، the ICT influence on productive efficiency is not so well developed، in developing countries. The productive efficiency is an important part of productivity and refers to the ability to avoid waste production factors. This research provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between productive efficiency and ICT for selected developing countries in 1995-2008. For measuring the productive efficiency and study the relationship between productive efficiency and ICT the «Stochastic Frontier Approach» method is used. The results show positive and significant effect of ICT indicator on productive efficiency.

Studies about the effect of the ICT on the economic growth of developed countries in 1990s، have shown strong and positive direct relationship between ICT and economic growth in these countries. After a short period، this interactive relationship arises in some of the developing countries. But، since these countries have no necessary competition environment and have weak infrastructure، the condition of ICT’s effect on economic growth can be debatable. Following Quah (2003) and Pojola (2002)، in this study we survey and compare the effect of ICT on the economic growth of chosen developed and developing countries، using investment in ICT، capital stock، manpower، posts graduate registration number of students، and direct foreign investment data of 1995- 2006. We estimate the parameters of the mode with panel data method. With regarding to the comparable methodology of the research، we use a dummy variable in the model for analyzing in this way. The results indicate a positive and high significant relationship between economic growth and ICT in all chosen countries but stronger for developed countries.

This paper investigates the effects of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) on energy intensity in 40 selected developing countries. Panel data approach is considered to estimate empirical models using annual data over the period 1995-2008. The results of this paper indicate that some of the ICT systems and devices that are used for communication (e.g. Communications) known substitution effect have negative effect on energy intensity. But the network (income) effect has positive effect on energy intensity. However, income effect is more powerful than substitution effect. Therefore, the net effect of ICT capital on energy intensity is positive. It can be concluded that although the demand for ICT products has increased in developing countries, the use of ICT has not spread widely.

Electronic banking is one of the applications of the information and communication technology (ICT) in money market and banking industry. In this paper, we investigate the effects of electronic banking on the commercial banks profitability using an econometric model. The model is based on the* Structure-Conduct-Performance* approach in which the return of total assets (ROA) depends on market concentration, bank size, the number of automated teller machines (ATM), and the membership in the SHETAB network. We estimate the model using a panel data method consisting of the six major commercial banks (Tejarat, Refah Kargaran, Sepah, Saderat, Mellat and Melli banks) over the period 1998-2004. The results show that the number of automated teller machines (ATM) has a positive effect on profitability of commercial banks and the effect increases after joining the SHETAB network. We conclude that the expansion of electronic banking has a positive and significant effect on the commercial banks profitability.

The worldwide development of information and communication technology (ICT), commonly called ICT revolution, has accelerated dramatically since the second half of twenty century. The main characteristic of this revolution is the rapidly increasing computing power of new ICT products. Varying results achieved by different countries and regions fuel the debate over exactly how much influence ICT has on economic growth. We provide an insight of results from past studies carried out to confirm the productive relationship between the two, ICT and economic growth. The focus of this paper is to examine the impact of ICT on economic growth in OPEC countries using panel data over the period 1998-2004. Based on the literature, a Cobb-Douglas production function is specified to include ICT indicators. The results of estimates show that ICT contributed significantly to economic growth of OPEC countries over the period under study

Emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has generated new enthusiasms about development prospects for poor countries. Many scholars believe that new technologies can provide a faster route to better living standards and improve the quality of life than the one afforded by the standard process of industrialization. Therefore, It can be considered that Information and knowledge are critical components of poverty alleviation strategies. This paper attempts to evaluate direct, indirect, and economic impacts of ICTs on the poverty alleviation, A sample of developing countries are selected whose are directly used ICTs to alleviate poverty. Panel data technique are used for selected developing countries using the data over the 2000-2005 period, Three ITC measures are considered to test the effects of ICT on the poverty alleviation. They comprise ICT expenditure (% of GDP), Internet users and Telephone mainlines & Mobile phone subscribers. Results of this paper reveal that there is a negative and significant relationship between ICT indices and human poverty index.