جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدل چرخشی مارکوف" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

The countercyclical monetary policy is a policy that economists recommend to decrease the economic fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of how the monetary policy behavior in Iran's economy was and how it should be. To find the right answers, by using a Markov-Switching model, shown that behavior of monetary policy in the Iran during 1991 to 2015 was mainly procyclical.Then, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, according to the structure of the economy, is considered. Then, optimal monetary policy has been calculated in terms of fiscal domination and institutional quality over a business cycle and calibrated using equilibrium parameters. The results show that the optimal monetary policy over the business cycle, monetary policy is counter-cyclical. The optimal monetary policy coefficient during the business cycle decreases with decreasing institutional quality and increased fiscal domination. Also, if the policymaker's goal is only to stabilize inflation, the optimal monetary policy is acycle. In addition, when a completely independent monetary policy is assumed, the optimal policy coefficient takes the highest value compared to other assumed conditions.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the positive and negative shocks of government expenditures on economic growth in Iran during the period of 1990:1-2015:4. For achieving this purpose, at first the government expenditures shocks has been extracted by applying Baxter-King filter and then, the effects of gross capital formation, consumer price index and oil income have been tested on economic growth by Markov-Switching non-linear approach. The empirical results of this research reveal that there is a non-linear relationship between government expenditures and positive shocks of government expenditures has negative and positive effects on economic growth in the periods of recession and boom respectively. Moreover, the cyclical nature of government expenditures has been confirmed in Iranian economy over the period of study.

Government expenditures are powerful fiscal policy instruments for the government which might lead to economic growth.However, many economists and researchers believe that fiscal policy might have different effects on the economy in different economic situations, namely during the inflationary condition and business cycles. This study applies a Markov switching model to investigate the nonlinearity relationship between inflation and government expenditures using the seasonal data for Iran during the period 1990-2017.According to the Markov switching model, the seasonal inflationary environment (inflationary regimes) was extracted in Iranian economy which implies that seasonal inflation has three different regimes in Iranian economy while zero regime has low mean for inflation; first regime has medium mean for inflation and second regime has the highest inflation in Iranian economy. Then, we specified the research models and made the government's current and capital expenditures dependent on three inflationary regimes. The results indicate that the effect of government’s current and capital expenditures on inflation is negative and significant in zero and first regime, but the effect of these variables on second regime is positive and significant

In this study, the behavior of monetary and fiscal policy in the Iranian economy has been investigated during the period of 1360 to 1392 using Markov switching model. For this purpose, the monetary and fiscal policy rules has been used in which the growth rate of liquidity and the tax revenues are as instruments of the monetary and fiscal policies. The results from the likelihood ratio test show that both the fiscal and monetary policy rules in the Iranian economy follow a regime switching model. Based on the results from the estimation of fiscal and monetary policies rules using a Markov switching model, the period of study divided into three periods in the years of 1360 to 1364, both monetary and fiscal policymakers have faced with passive monetary and fiscal policies, so that, they did not have an adaptive behavioral interaction with each other. During the years of 1365 to 1387, the Iranian economy has faced with the passive monetary policy but an active fiscal policy, So that, in this period, the monetary policymaker has no powerful reaction in adjustment of its policy instruments to increasinginflation at the same time, increasing the outstanding debt of government decreases the tax revenues and increases the budget deficit. Finally, in the period of 1388 to 1392, the policymakers follow the passive monetary and fiscal policies