جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "میانگین گروهی ترکیبی" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Achieving a higher rate of economic growth is one of the main goals of each country that policymakers often pay special attention to it. Therefore, investigating the causes of economic growth is important. Import tariffs as one of the most important factors affecting economic growth have been neglected in many previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is examining factors affecting economic growth in ECO countries with an emphasis on the role of import tariffs during the period 1996-2014. The results of dynamic panel data using PMG estimator show that the effect of import tariffs on economic growth in the short and long run is negative and significant. In addition, the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in the short run is positive and significant. Therefore, by reducing import tariffs and moving toward more trade liberalization, economic growth in ECO countries increases. Furthermore, the labor force had a negative effect and human capital had a positive effect on the economic growth. Finally, results showed that physical capital had the most effect on economic growth in this group of countries. Therefore, improving the business environment, encouraging private investment, moving toward more competition in economic activities with trade liberalization, and moving toward more economic transparency are some recommendations of the current study.

The importance of international reserves in the financing balance of payments deficit and adjusting the foreign exchange market disequilibrium, has led to serious consideration to this topic for different countries in recent decades. On the other hand, some specific economic conditions of OPEC countries such as economic dependence to oil revenues and the lack of suitable flexibility in exchange rate regime, lead to influence of oil price volatilities on international reserves in the countries. Hence, due to the important role of international reserves in economies and also the economic situation of OPEC countries, using the precautionary and mercantilism approaches, the determinants of international reserves changes have been evaluated using Pooled Mean Group method in OPEC countries during 1973-2016. According to the results, the precautionary and mercantilism approaches have been confirmed and variables such as adjustment cost, opportunity cost, the driving factor of the increase in international reserves, GDP per capita, the degree of trade openness, exchange rate regime, positive and negative shocks of oil price (estimated using Markov-Switching model), have been known as determinants of international reserves and their coefficients are significant and consistent with theoretical expectations.