جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "chemical industry" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

The chemical industry has one of the largest production value chains, and the products of these industries are widely used as intermediate goods in other industries. In this paper, as regards cost function, Allen's elasticities and own elasticities, price elasticities, Morishima elasticities, energy elasticity, and scales of economics have been estimated in seven selected activities of the chemical industry using statistics and information 2002(2)-2018(1). The results show that the average share of employment, wages, output, and energy of the chemical industry in the entire industrial sector are equal to 6.38, 8.41, 13.28, and 17.45% percentages, respectively (in the period under review). In manufacturing of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms, man-made fibers, soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes, and also cosmetic preparations, changes in energy input prices affect production costs more in comparison with changes in the prices of other inputs. In all seven selected activities, capital stock demand is more sensitive to changes in its price than other input. In addition, the amount of cross-demand hedges are mostly small. In manufacturing of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, paints, varnishes, and similar coatings, printing ink, mastics, and man-made fibers, the price elasticity of natural gas is higher than other types of energy. In the manufacturing of other chemical products, soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes, and cosmetic preparations, and plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms, the price elasticity of electricity is higher than other inputs. Furthermore, the selected activities in this study have increasing returns to scale, thus the larger units of which are preferable to the smaller units.

Knowledge development and accumulation are important sources of economic growth and development and Learning is one of the effective factors in the development and accumulation of knowledge. Learning reduces the average cost over time along with increasing cumulative production. The chemical industry plays an important role in the country's economy due to its high value added, product diversity and employment. The objective of this study is to analyze learning by doing in Iran's chemical industry at the level of four-digit ISIC codes using panel data during the period 2011 to 2015. For this purpose, the learning curve was estimated using the panel data technique, assuming a constant return to scale. The finding indicate that learning has been achieved in Iran's chemical industry and the slope of the learning curve, ie the effect of learning in all sub-sectors of Iran's industry, as expected, is negative and equal to 0/86. The results indicate that the learning effect is different in the sub-sectors of Iran's chemical industry, but it is close to the average learning intensity.

The chemical and petrochemical industries are among the industries with high complexity and an important part of the global value chain. This industry (with the ISIC code 24) accounts for 11.7% of the production and 24.7% of the world's industrial exports. Despite its rich oil and gas resources, Iran ranks 22nd in the world with an average production of $ 8.31 billion during the period 2016-2014. Although about 33% of the products of Iran's chemical and petrochemical industry have been exported, due to the lack of attention to production diversification and focus only on the export of a small number of products, the impact of this industry on economic growth has been negligible. In this paper, in order to determine the new areas for export diversification in Iran's chemical and petrochemical industries, two approaches of "economic complexity" and "product space" were used. Five indicators were used to identify high-priority commodity groups for export: "product complexity", "opportunity benefit", "density", "value of global product demand (import volume)" and "global demand growth". The results indicated that in the four-digit HS classification level, despite the existing capabilities, the Iranian petrochemical industry was focused on producing less complex products. Based on the size of the above-mentioned indicators, out of 194 commodity groups in this industry, the production of 60 commodity groups in the Iranian petrochemical industry has priority. At present, Iran's petrochemical industry has a comparative export advantage in only 13 commodity groups out of the above 60 groups. Relying on the existing capabilities, it is suggested that while continuing to support the production and export of these goods, the necessary planning to invest in the development of production and export of other commodity groups (47 other groups) should also be considered.

Studying currency shocks impact on the stock market could be beneficial regarding to exchange rate fluctuations caused by various exchange policies in recent years. Therefore symmetrical or asymmetrical impacts of negative and positive dollar shockwaves in the market on indexes of chemical and basic metals industry are under investigation by weekly data collected since 2006 up to 2016 as these two industries have the most non-oil exports of Iran. First existence of long-term equilibrium relationship was examined by Pesaran Bound test and confirmed. Afterwards in addition to admitting asymmetric effect of positive and negative foreign exchange shocks on the indexes using WALD test, based on the results of the main model of the research which is the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), effects of increasing in dollar rate on both indexes are positive and meaningful and the effect of its decreasing is meaningless. In addition the extracted coefficients indicates deeper effects of free dollar rate on the chemical index in comparison with index of the basic metals. OPEC crude oil, which is the control variable considered in this article has a direct and significant effects on both indicators on the short and long term.

explained by the amount of inputs used in production. As such, its level is determined by how efficiently and intensely the inputs are utilized in production. Economists have long recognized that total factor productivity is an important factor in the process of economic growth. It plays a critical role on economic growth and Comparative advantage of industries. So, identification of factors affecting productivity is very important. This paper aims to analyze the effect of spatial agglomeration of industrial activities on total factors productivity in Chemical and Machinery Industries by using the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) on panel data for 27 provinces of Iran over the period 2000-2011.The results have shown that the relationship between the variable of localization (specialization) and TFP has quadratic form -U inverse shape- and the urbanization index (diversification) has positive effect on total factor productivity in Chemical and Machinery Industries.