جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "communication infrastructure" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"
تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه «communication infrastructure» در نشریات گروه «علوم انسانی»-
فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی، پیاپی 140 (پاییز 1401)، صص 479 -504
نابرابری درآمد یکی از مباحث مهم اقتصاد است که افزایش آن نه تنها سبب بی ثباتی سیاسی در جوامع می شود، بلکه مانع مهمی در برابر افزایش رشد و پیشرفت اقتصادی مستمر و باثبات بهشمار میرود. منظور از توزیع درآمد، نابرابری موجود در سهم افراد مختلف یک کشور از درآمد ملی است. در این تحقیق از سهم درآمدی ده درصد افراد بالا از درآمد ملی (سهم درآمدی دهک بالا)، به عنوان شاخص نابرابری درآمد استفاده شده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر تعاملی جذب سرریز دانش و آزادی اقتصادی بر نابرابری درآمد کشورهای منتخب تولیدکننده علم است. برای این منظور از دو گروه کشورهای منتخب تولیدکننده علم با درآمد سرانه بیشتر از سی هزار دلار و کشورهای منتخب تولیدکننده علم با درآمد سرانه کمتر از سی هزار دلار طی دوره زمانی 2020-2000، با استفاده از روش پنل دیتا و GMM بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج برآورد نشان میدهد که تاثیر تعاملی جذب سرریز دانش و آزادی اقتصادی بر نابرابری درآمد در کشورهای منتخب تولیدکننده علم با درآمد سرانه بیشتر از سی هزار دلار، مثبت و معنادار می باشد. همچنین دراین کشورها ضریب متغیرهای جذب سرریز دانش، زیرساخت اطلاعات و ارتباطات و تحقیق و توسعه داخلی، به ترتیب مثبت، بی معنا و منفی بوده است. درحالیکه تاثیر تعاملی جذب سرریز دانش و آزادی اقتصادی بر نابرابری درآمد درکشورهای منتخب تولیدکننده علم با درآمد سرانه کمتر از سی هزار دلار، منفی و معنادار می باشد. همچنین در این گروه کشورها ضریب متغیرهای جذب سرریز دانش و زیرساخت های اطلاعات و ارتباطات، منفی و ضریب متغیر تحقیق و توسعه داخلی، مثبت بوده است.
کلید واژگان: آزادی اقتصادی, تحقیق و توسعه داخلی, جذب سرریز دانش, زیرساخت اطلاعات و ارتباطات, نابرابری درآمدIncome inequality is one of the significant topics of the economy. Its increase not only causes political instability in societies but also is a major barrier to increasing growth and continuous and stable economic progress. The income distribution means the existing inequality in the share of different people of a country from the national income. In the present study, the income share of the top ten percent of the national income (the income share of the top decile) was used as an index of income inequality. The present study investigates the interactive effect of knowledge spillover absorption and economic freedom on the income inequality of selected science-producing countries. For this purpose, two groups of selected science-producing countries with a per capita income of more than thirty thousand dollars and the selected science-producing countries with a per capita income of less than thirty thousand dollars during 2000-2020 were used using panel data and GMM methods. The estimation results showed that the interaction of knowledge spillover absorption and economic freedom positively and significantly affects income inequality in selected science-producing countries with a per capita income of more than thirty thousand dollars. Also, in these countries, the coefficients of knowledge spillover absorption, information, and communication infrastructure, and domestic research and development were positive, non-significant, and negative, respectively. However, the interaction of absorption of knowledge spillover and economic freedom negatively and significantly affected the income inequality in selected science-producing countries with per capita income of less than thirty thousand dollars. Additionally, in this group of countries, the coefficient of the knowledge spillover absorption and information and communication infrastructures variables was negative, and the coefficient of the domestic research and development variable was positive.
Keywords: Domestic Research, Development, Economic freedom, Income Inequality, Information, Communication Infrastructure, Knowledge Spillover Absorption -
شهرداری هوشمند و یا به بیانی شهرداری الکترونیک، از جمله زیر ساخت های اساسی شهر هوشمند قلمداد می شوند که بسترها و زمینه های لازم را جهت تشکیل دولت الکترونیک و برنامه ریزی شهری فراهم می کنند. امروزه شهرداری هوشمند یکی از بهترین راهکارها جهت ساده سازی امور وفرایندهای اداری و مقابله با افزایش بوروکراسی اداری، کاهش ترددهای درون شهری و به تبع آن کاهش آلودگی هوا در شهرها محسوب می شود. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی آمادگی فرهنگی، مدیریتی، اجتماعی و الکترونیکی نسیم شهر جهت ایجاد شهرداری هوشمند و ارایه راهکارهایی جهت تحقق آن می باشد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی و کمی می باشد. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه و در مواردی مصاحبه و بررسی اسناد، فرم ها و مدارک، منابع اطلاعاتی سازمانی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش از سه گروه شامل: مدیران شهرداری، متخصصان فاوا و کاربران اینترنت در نسیم شهر تشکیل می شود. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انجام گرفت. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد که در کل آمادگی های لازم جهت ایجاد شهرداری هوشمند در نسیم شهر وجود ندارد. لذا در نتیجه گیری پیشنهاد شده است که ابتدا تدابیر، زیرساخت ها و زمینه های لازم فراهم شود تا امکان پذیری اجرای طرح توجیه و محقق شود.
کلید واژگان: شهرداری هوشمند, آمادگی الکترونیکی, زیرساخت های اطلاعاتی و ارتباطی, نسیم شهرIntroductionThe smart municipality, or in other words, the electronic municipality, is considered one of the basic infrastructures of a smart city, which provides the necessary substrates and bases for the formation of a government and electronic town planning. Today, the smart municipality is considered one of the best solutions to simplify business and administrative processes, deal with the increase in administrative bureaucracy, reduce intra-urban traffic and, consequently, reduce the pollution in the major cities. This research aims to assess NasimShahr's cultural, managerial, social, and electronic readiness to create a smart municipality and provide solutions for its realization.
Materials and MethodsThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in nature. The data collection tools are questionnaires, interviews, document reviews, forms and documents, and organizational information sources. The statistical population of the research consists of three groups: municipal managers, IT experts, and Internet users in NasimShahr. Therefore, a questionnaire was used in the field research to collect data and information on the conceptual model for all three groups of Internet users, IT experts, and managers. Data analysis was done using the confirmatory factor analysis method.In order to determine the conceptual framework of the research, the research literature, related models, and then the field background of the research were collected and studied. From the total of these studies, more than 400 raw and unscreened indicators, in general, and partial, were extracted to create a smart municipality. Then, to complete the studies and more accuracy, the websites of several smart municipalities, including the cities of Raleigh, San Francisco, London, and Boston, which were ranked the best in the international rankings of electronic cities of the world, were examined and reviewed in a structured way. Finally, according to the cultural and social conditions of our country's organizations, about 56 indicators were selected for the studied society. Of course, because some indicators overlapped, only 43 indicators were selected, and questions were designed and distributed for them.
Materials and methodsConfirmatory factor analysis was done for data analysis due to the small number of initial models. Then, path modeling was done again based on the factors obtained from confirmatory factor analysis. Smart-PLS software was used to model the structural equations of the questionnaire models of managers and specialists of IT experts due to the small amount of data. Amos software was also used to model the structural equations of the internet user questionnaire model. Finally, to test all the hypotheses using SPSS software, a one-sample t-test was performed.
FindingsData analysis was performed using the confirmatory factor analysis method. The research results show that there are no necessary and adequate preparations to create a smart municipality in NasimShahr. Therefore, the best solution is to provide the essential measures, infrastructures, and substrates to justify and realize the possibility of implementing the plan.
ConclusionCreating a smart municipality, first of all, requires urban governance in all its dimensions. Exciting research in 2022 in Brazil shows that smart cities that focus solely on technology rarely succeed. Other key factors contribute to the success of a smart municipality, the most important of which are: the precise assessment of needs, strategic leadership, the role of facilitator of local governments, and providing the necessary resources and the appropriate infrastructures.According to the results obtained from the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that currently, due to the limited facilities, the lack of preparation of the various platforms and infrastructures, as well as the absence of an appropriate structure for the integration of administrative departments and information sources, there is no electronic preparation needed to create a smart municipality in NasimShahr.Therefore, based on the findings of the research, the analysis of the conditions with open questions at the end of the questionnaire, and the final survey of urban affairs experts, IT experts, and Internet users, we conclude that before the implementation of such a plan, a series of integrated measures should be implemented. We offer some of them as suggestions:1- Integration of administrative structures, information sources, and organizational processes in the municipality;2- Development of ICT infrastructures, such as databases, networks, and information highways;3- Establishing a reliable and integrated statistical system for urban and municipal affairs;4- Simplifying and making smart processes with a re-engineering approach;5- Creating remote work systems and developing web services in the municipality;6- Cultivating and explaining the importance of smartening urban affairs for employees and managers who resist new projects;7- Increasing the electronic security factor of systems, information sources, and software used in the municipality.And finally, for the researchers who want to conduct relevant and practical research for this city in the future, along with this issue, it is suggested to conduct a study regarding the "requirements and solutions for designing or creating an electronic municipality in NasimShahr.”
Keywords: Smart municipality, E-readiness, information, communication infrastructure, Nasimshahr
- نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شدهاند.
- کلیدواژه مورد نظر شما تنها در فیلد کلیدواژگان مقالات جستجو شدهاست. به منظور حذف نتایج غیر مرتبط، جستجو تنها در مقالات مجلاتی انجام شده که با مجله ماخذ هم موضوع هستند.
- در صورتی که میخواهید جستجو را در همه موضوعات و با شرایط دیگر تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مجلات مراجعه کنید.