جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "credits" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Small and medium-sized enterprises are limited economic entities that provide the basis for economic development through the accumulation of micro-financial resources, entrepreneurship and connection with industries. These companies also play a vital role in economic growth, employment, wealth generation and poverty reduction of countries.The most important development strategies is with emphasis on SME and the geographical focus of production units and these businesses organization. The purpose of this article is surveying the effects of SME credits on employment(a dynamic computable general equilibrium model). Data collection has done in library and field and using the data of Iranian Statistics Center. Information analysis has done in the form of a New Keynesian model of dynamically computable general equilibrium using GAMZ software. To complete the research, this discussion has been considered for large enterprises comparatively and as an aspect Research innovation. By the results of employment creation analysis in small, medium and large enterprises, employment creation rate during the period 1384-1391,according to the credit ceiling of 20,30,40, and 50 percent which is done by the government is ascendant.Therefore, it can be said that the amount of allocated credits has a direct effect on theproductions of small, medium and large enterprises and, consequently, on employment creation. Due to the centralization of the management system integrated and the kind of government supports that provides to these types of enterprises, the rate of employment creation in large enterprises was more than small and medium enterprise

The primary aim of this research is to illustrate the financing methods of the aviation industry in select countries and thus propose a suitable financing method for the Iranian aviation industry. This research paper can be classified as applied in terms of purpose, and comparative in terms of scope. The modus opernadi of this paper uses descriptive and exploratory-analytical methods to analyze various methods of financing aviation industries. Therefore, in terms of methodology the paper can be described as a descriptive study within the qualitative paradigm. To collect descriptive data the study used a questionnaire through the Delphi method. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of aviation industry with a sample size 30. The sampling method employed for this purpose was the snowball method. Subsequently, the raw data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The results obtained indicate that setting up think tanks, enhancing the R&D departments of the industry, reverse engineering methods, drawing on upon the up-to-date knowledge of East Asian countries, using murabaha bonds, privatization, public participation in discussions of the military and finally transparency would optimize financial resources for the industry.

Capital adequacy ratio is one of the most important indicators in analyzing the situation of banks in order to manage banks against risks such as bankruptcy and their inability to meet obligations. This controls the risk management of banks. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of banking variables on the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) in private banks in Iran during the period 2011-2018 and in Malaysia quarterly during the period 2012:01-2019:04 by Threshold Auto regression Method. The results showed that the CAR in the low regime with four lags had a negative effect and in the high regime had a direct effect on the CAR of Iranian banks. But it did not have a significant impact on the Malaysian banking system. The share of bank deposits in Iran in both regimes has a negative effect on the CAR. But it had a direct effect on the Malaysian banking system in the high regime. The size of the bank in the low regime had a direct effect on the CAR of private Iranian banks. But in Malaysia, in both regimes, it had a direct impact on the capital adequacy ratio. The share of credits in both regimes had a direct impact on the CAR in Iran. But in the Malaysian banking system in both regimes had a negative impact on the CAR. Liquidity in the low regime has a negative effect on the CAR in private Iranian banks. But in the high regime did not have a significant effect. While in the high regime, liquidity has a direct and significant effect on the CAR in the banking system of Malaysia. Returns of assets in the low regime do not have a significant effect on the CAR of Iranian banks. But returns of assets in the low regime have a direct and significant effect and in the high regime have a negative effect on the CAR in the Malaysian banking system. Financial leverage in the low regime does not have a significant effect on the CAR of Iranian banks, but in the Malaysian banking system in the low regime has a negative effect and in the high regime has a direct effect.

In Economic literature, different dimensions of financial development have been scrutinized. In this regard, what is important about bank-based financial systems is the distribution of loans and credits among different economic sectors. Actually, in non-competitive markets characterized by imperfect and incomplete information, any sort of distribution of credits and loans which is based on profit maximization for banks will not necessarily result in maximizing the collective interests of a country and it can even have adverse effects for the whole society. With regard to the issue described, this paper aims to study the role of distribution of credits and loans among different sectors on economic growth in Iran. To achieve this goal, we have used and analyzed time series data for the period 1984 to 2015 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The findings of this paper show that the logarithmic coefficient of financial growth index (calculated as the ratio of total outstanding credits to GDP) is positive and significant in both short-term and long-term periods. This means that financial development plays a positive role in economic growth. On the other hand, the estimated coefficient for the ratio of loans allocated to production sectors to loans allocated to non-production sectors is also positive and significant in both short-term and long-term periods. This suggests that loans allocated to production sectors have a positive effect on economic growth. In fact, one can assert that although an increase in bank loans and credits (actually, the ratio of total outstanding loans and credits to GDP) has a positive effect on economic growth, the more these loans and credits are inclined towards production, the more the magnitude of economic growth being stimulated.

In this study, to measure financial instability and assess the probability of a financial crisis, we make a composite index which is a weighted average of Non-Performing Loans ratio, and volatilities in the stock price index by using Iranian quarterly time series for the periods of 79q1 until 93q4. Then, in order to investigate the affecting factors on Iran’s Financial Instability, a basic model is estimated which, the financial instability index is influenced by the gap of credit growth rate, output gap, the index of central bank credibility, inflation, and the growth rate of public sector debt in the banking system. The results indicate that an increase in the gap of credit growth reduces the Financial Instability. Furthermore, the output gap has a negative and significant effect on the index of Financial Instability. In addition, a higher credibility of the central bank in the commitment to the targeted inflation leads to increase in Financial Stability. As expected, an increase in inflation and public sector debt in the banking system raises the instability of the economy. moreover, to evaluate the robustness of the results, we add the square of the gap of growth rate credit to the model as an explanatory variable. The results indicate that growth rate credit has a non-linearity relationship with Financial Stability, which induces the existence of an optimal level of credit growth rate. So the excessive credits can increase vulnerability and economic instability.

The economy of Iran has witnessed a couple of booms and busts in housing prices over the period of 1981(1)-2014(4). Since the fluctuations in housing prices affect household wealth, and consequentially, total consumption, saving and even banking, it is of crucial importance to analyze the impact of such fluctuations on real economy. This study, utilizing the MSIAH -VARX model, examines booms and busts in housing prices in Iran over the aforementioned period. This approach offers the possibility to identify different regimes in Iran’s housing market. Moreover, the probability of staying in one regime as well as that of transition from one regime to another could be estimated. The findings indicate that during the aforementioned period, there are two regimes of boom and bust in housing prices. Furthermore, the probability of staying in a bust regime is greater than that of a boom regime.