جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « fossil fuel » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

In the economy of renewable resources, oil-importing countries seek to explore and develop backstop technologies to moderate their reliance on oil suppliers. On the other hand, oil-exporting countries should integrate the possibility of backstop technology inventions in their decisions regarding oil supply. Therefore oil-exporting countries and oil-importing-countries essentially have a relationship in the form of strategic interdependence. The present study considers a dynamic game between a buyer and a seller, where the seller determines the supply quantity and the buyer can decide to invest in a substitute which is a renewable source that is more favorable for both the buyer and the environment. The results show that in this closed-loop equilibrium, due to the heterogeneity between the fuel supplied by the seller and the alternative fuel developed by the buyer, the time of investing depends on the investment cost and the positive impact of substitute fuel on the environment. Nevertheless, the time of investing is more likely to occur before the resource exhaustion.

Shortage of electric power is a serious issue for production, especially for those that rely more on electricity. In this paper, we investigate the effect of non-distributed electricity (blackout) on Iranian industry. The sources are derived from two undistributed energy data collected from 39 distribution companies and database of industrial plants. The final panel data is from industrial plants during 1385 to 1392. Results indicate that a one percentage point increase in power outage for firms with average electricity share, decreases production and sales by 0.11 and 0.10 percent respectively, which is significant and quite robust. A smaller negative effect is also observed in production factors such as capital, materials, and productivity, but is not significant. The results also show that electricity and fossil fuels are substitutes. For the firms with average electricity share, the use of fossil fuels increases by 0.045 percent in response to a one percentage point increase in power outage.