جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « gini index » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Generally in all countries، governments must intervene in some areas inevitably، regardless of sovereignty and tenure. Some of these areas are social welfare and particularly expanding protection of vulnerable groups for reducing income inequality and improving social income distribution. In this paper، the impact of some of the macroeconomic variables on income inequality has been studied using co Integration approach during years of 1349-91. The results show that achieving fifth development plan goals such as 8 percent economic growth rate and Gini coefficient of 35% and other income distribution indicators is not possible simultaneously. Thus in setting sixth economic plan، it should be considered that achieving high growth as well as low Gini coefficient will be difficult. We show that rising per capita GDP and inflation increases income gap and rising per capita subsidy and employment and per capita wealth tax، decreases income gap.

Income distribution is one of the most important economic issues and many researches have been conducted in different countries related to this field. The main objective of this study is investigating the effect of inflation on income distribution and performance of government compensation policies. In order to do so، patterns of effective factors on Gini coefficient and twenty percent share of income have been used. Gini coefficient pattern and effective factors pattern on twenty percent estimated respectively by least of squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methods. According to results of Gini index model estimation f inflation rate، unemployment rate، total government expenditure and ratio of asset portion of the highest 10 percent to the lowest 10 percent have negative effect on inequality and increase of basic goods subsidies and asset portion of lowest 40 percent، inequality would improve inequality. Results of estimated Gini Index model showed the increase of Coefficients of inflation rate، unemployment rate، Subsidies of basic goods and ratio of asset portion of the highest 10 percent to the lowest 10 percent، increase inequality. And increase of asset portion of lowest 40 percent، decrease inequality.

The performance of nation’s economy in terms of realization of social justice can be addressed by studying the variation of quantitative indexes such as income distribution, poverty and social welfare. Several studies have been accomplished investigating the role of oil revenues in economic development of oil exporting countries. However the issue of income distribution and the process of the effect of oil revenues on it haven’t been adequately surveyed. There are several theories among the development economists saying the revenues of mineral industries such as oil and gas, cause the intensification of inequality in the economy. Using Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) approach and considering the variables of Gini index, inflation, GDP per capita without oil, share of government expenditure to GDP, proportion of consuming expenditure to construction expenditure of government, and the real per capita oil revenues, we addressed the relationship between oil revenues and the income distribution in Iran in the period of 1973-2010. Six different prior densities such as Minnesota and SSVS have been used to estimate the model coefficients and the impulse response functions and the variance decomposition have been computed. The results show that the increase of oil revenues has tended to increase of inequality in Iran. In addition, the increase of inflation, government expenditure, and the proportion of consuming expenditure to construction expenditure increase the inequality. But the increase of GDP per capita decreases the inequality.

The positive effects of equal income distribution on macroeconomic variables such as productivity, economic growth and poverty reduction and consequently economic and social welfare improvement on one hand, and adverse effects of income inequality on social variables such as crime and delinquency on the other hand, have made equal distribution to one of the major concerns of economic officials of the country. For this reason, over the recent decades, an extensive literature has been devoted to achieve an equitable income distribution and investigation into the determinants of income distribution improvement. This study has attempted to investigate the effects of different types of tax as well as some other factors on one of the most important inequality indicators (GINI index) in Iran’s provinces by a Bayesian Econometrics Approach and applying Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Finally, according to the theoretical and empirical evidence, it is found that Kuznets’ hypothesized inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and income distribution is supported by data.

A quick glance at the Islamic economic sources shows that reducing poverty and improving income distribution are among the most important economic goals of Islam and Subsequently، Islamic economics. On the other hand، the evaluation of the effects of income inequality on economic growth has been a point of focus for conventional economics scholars and also the Islamic economics researchers and hence، there are quite a few researches in this regards. Considering this، it seems important to shed some lights on the relation of the income inequality and economic growth in Iran as an Islamic developing country. Actually this question should be answered that has the income inequality of Iran decreased or increased the trend of economic growth in Iran? For answering this question، this paper evaluates the effects of the economic inequality on growth rate of Iran، after going over the topic in the framework of Islamic economics. For this sake، an endogenous growth model is specified، that includes human capital and technological progress. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) technique is used to estimate regression parameters. The results show that rising income ineq uality، which is measured by the Gini index and the ratio of income of the household at the 9th percentile to the household at the 1th percentile، would hinder economic growth in Iran. However، there is a positive relation between economic growth and the growth in employment، investment spending، technological progress، and human capital.