جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "governance variables" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Despite the importance of specialized manpower in leading a country's economy, statistics show the departure of a large number of thinkers in various fields of science who for some reason prefer to stay in developed countries to stay in their own country. In fact, brain drain represents the flow of human capital in which skills are transferred. The econometric method used is the generalized method of moment (GMM). In this study, developing countries have been selected as emmigrant countries and the United States as an immigrant country, and immigration statistics by nationality have been obtained from the International Organization for Migration (OECD. Stat) during the years 2002-2018. The first lag of brain drain, government effectiveness and freedom of expression have a positive effect on brain drain from developing countries to the U.S and the rule of law, corruption control and the quality of law have a negative effect on brain drain and elite migration. considering the impact of the rule of law, control of corruption and the quality of laws on reducing elite immigration, the necessary institutional reforms to improve property rights, contractualization, social security, competition, transparency and quality of law in the field of economic activities is suggested. Therefore, countries should prepare comprehensive programs to create a dynamic and active environment for human resources and provide the ground for creativity and innovation for the elites to prevent them from leaving their country.

The aim of this study is the investigation of determinants of size of government in OPEC countries with emphasis on demographic, political-institutional and governance variables. Using a panel data set for 12 OPEC countries during 1996-2014, our findings show that demographic, political-institutional and governance variables influence significantly the size of government in OPEC countries. The political institutional variables such as number of parliamentary seats held by the government and nature of the political system and governance variables such as corruption and government effectiveness are found to have significant effect on the size of government. The results demonstrate that the size of government is larger in autocratic governments compared to democratic ones. The study also finds that corruption significantly impacts size of government.