جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "intellectual property rights" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Protection of intellectual property rights in terms of joining international treaties can have limitations in short term for member states, especially in economic interest, but will in the long run be beneficial to these countries. Experience gained from accession of developing countries to international intellectual property rights treaties as well as membership of World Trade Organization shows that benefits derived from this are far greater than basic constraints and constraints of accession and membership. On other hand, our country has faced economic challenges due to hostile policies of US colonial governments over past decades, and these powers have, in addition to creating barriers to membership in World Trade Organization, have imposed cruel sanctions on our country. In order to get out of this hostile situation and rely on its capabilities, and in course of policy-based changes in single-oil economy based on oil, Supreme Leader in recent years has put forward a new perspective on issue of resilient economy. In implementing this policy, the elements of governance, especially state They have taken action on their agenda. This paper examines role of the formation of a national reference to intellectual property rights in realization of a resilient economy through an analytical-descriptive approach.

Protecti One of the issues that has been considered with the expansion of cyberspace and international technologies in the direction of globalization is the phenomenon of virtual currency and related mechanisms. This phenomenon stems from the growth of technology called blockchain and its use in cyberspace. In this regard, considering the importance of religious issues and the spread of threats and opportunities of cyberspace phenomena and the need to determine the appropriate position on exchange and dealing with these currencies, it seems that the issue of accurate knowledge of virtual currencies and its analysis It is important and necessary. In this research, first of all, it has been tried to explain the virtual and economic dimensions of virtual currencies by using historical, fundamental and descriptive methods., then based on valid jurisprudential methods, including Jurisprudence of transactions and Islamic jurisprudence based on the framework of Islamic economics ruling of exchange can be analyzed with extractable virtual currencies (such as bitcoin).The results show that, firstly, the types of virtual currencies are fundamentally different from each other, and secondly, the value of the extractable virtual currency (such as bitcoin) cannot be determined rationally and religiously, assuming the existence of customary taxation. Third, over time, the focus will be on extraction and, consequently, the concentration of wealth on this mechanism, which will be opposed to the distributive justice of wealth.

The aim of this paper is investigating the effect of business regulations and Intellectual property rights on economic performance. More precisely, we attempt to examine this issue for a sample of 46 middle high income countries over the period 2004-2013. We use the World Bank Doing Business indicators as measures of business regulations and panel data model is used for data analyses.The results show that foregin direct investment, Fixed capital formation, Good Governance (Rule of law and political stability) indexes, intellectual property rights and doing business (starting a business, Dealing with Construction Permits, and Getting Credit) indexes have the positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected middle high income countries.

In line with a knowledge-based economy, the requirements for innovation should be provided in order to turn ideas into products through investment and creation of new products. Thus, protection of intellectual property rights at national level is one of the leading tools of creativity and innovation. The intellectual property rights play significant roles in trade, investment and economic ties. This paper identifies factors affecting protection of intellectual property rights, and investigates the relationship between intellectual property rights and the level of development of countries. The results show that there is a U-shaped relationship between the level of intellectual property rights and level of development in both developed and developing countries. Although human capital and trade openness in both groups are the most important factors affecting intellectual property rights, but economic freedom is inversely related to intellectual property rights across developing countries.

Income inequality in the current era is known as one of the most destructive phenomena. Therefore، evaluation of income inequality and the emergence of roots are essential. Income inequality affected important factors which is undoubtedly one of the most important is intellectual property right (IPR). intellectual property rights May have two different effects on income inequality: on the one hand، with the supporting innovation to create employments productive and entrepreneurship، increase productivity and generate wealth through science and technology can reduce the income inequality and the other hand، due to increased prices of goods and services، and technologies resulting from the monopoly worsen income inequality. So، the present study with using econometric conventional technique (panel data approach); to evaluate the effect of IRP on income inequality in selected developed and developing countries during the period 1990-2011. The results indicate that، the effect of IPR on Gini coefficient in developing countries is positive and significant while، this effect is negative and significant in developed countries. Also، GDP per capita and economic openness have negative and significant effects on Gini coefficient in both groups of countries. Square of GDP per capita is negative in both groups of countries and for developed countries، this variable is not significant. In addition، the effect of the human capital variable on Gini coefficient is negative in both group of countries but it is not significant for developing countries.

Importance of concepts like "innovation" and "creativity" in the formation of knowledge based economies is abvious. Recent developments in the world economy shows that in the absence of innovation and creativity growth, the gap between developed and developing countries enhanced but scientific developments accelerete the success of sustainable development. Since one of the tools of creativity and innovation growth in a country is intellectual property rights protection, Identification of economic factors impacting on intellectual property rights, as one of the factors that affect intellectual property rights, can help policy makers to select the appropriate policy in this area. Thus, this paper seeks to identify economic factors affecting the protection of intellectual property rights. The results suggest GDP per capita and membership in the WTO have direct impact on intellectual property rights, in both developed and developing countries . Education in developed and trade openness in developing countries, has direct impact on the intellectual property rights.

Entrepreneurship has a key role in marketization of knowledge and development process. This paper tries to explain the importance and the position of intellectual rights as a key component of entrepreneurship emergence; therefore, we analyze its position and explanation in the mainstream paradigm. The results obtained from sciences of law and economy themes reveal that the essence of orthodox economics and intellectual property rights (IPR) are in conflict with its competition principle. This paradox necessitates a deep review of foundations of IPR in mainstream economics. This paper cooperates with Islamic paradigm's achievements in dictating the entrance of collective action to bring individual actions in line. As a result, individualistic approach which has been embedded in mainstream economics would be refined. This can be practiced by clarifying regulations which enforce government interference in economy. Concentrating on goods features results in placing of innovational ideas of industrial sphere in toll goods. So public activists can cope with the paradox by direct-purchased innovative products or providing institutional structures; Therefore, their utilization by charging toll leads to grant exploiting innovations to their applicants. Eventually, while innovators are assured to get rewarded of innovating, the economy gets benefits of the spreading innovational ideas which lead to an anti-trust competition sphere.

On of the effective factors in Economic Growth, especially, in developing countries is innovation. The using of knowledge and innovation results in rapid developments in production technology and by improving the production process or creating the new products brings about to increaseproductivity and use of production inputs. Generally, technology is divided into two parts: hardware-related and software-related technology. Hardwarerelated sector is includes equipments and machinery and software-related sector is an outcome of intellectual creations of the human mind and “intellectual property rights” is responsible for protecting this sector.Protecting of intellectual property rights by securing advantages and benefits of innovation to innovators creates a positive effect on innovation. In this paper, we investigate the way which intellectual property rights affect economic growth through the channel of innovation during the period 1995-2008 in G15 countries. The results of this study indicate the relatively inappropriate status of G15 countries in protecting intellectual property rights. However it must be noted that, Chile and Malaysia are in a relatively good position with regard to intellectual property rights and most of the innovation indicators, and experience a relatively stable economic growth.Although Iran is not in appropriate position in terms of intellectual property rights, but nevertheless in some innovation indicators possess a suitable position than other countries studied, it seems that is due to the increasing growth of graduate studies and the overflow of oil revenues. Therefore, a more serious protection of intellectual property rights in G15 member, leads to joint research with the aim of creating competitive advantages, making the scale of production economic through joint investments, exchange of business parties, stablishing joint companies, exchange of technical knowledge and experts, holding trade fairs, and … that will help to development of economic and regional cooperation between member states.

In a globalizing business environment and an increasingly crowded marketplace, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) need to differentiate their products in order to attract potential consumers. As innovation, creativity and knowledge are becoming key elements of competitiveness; companies are increasingly required to find efficient approaches to manage their innovation creativity and knowledge effectively. The range of tools offered by the legal system of intellectual property (IP) rights provides the owners of IP rights a multiplicity of options to manage their innovation, knowledge and creativity. IP rights enable companies to differentiate their products from those of their competitors and obtain a fair degree of exclusivity that helps to reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with the introduction of the new or improved products into the marketplace. In particular, the rights granted by the IP system enable owners of IP rights to have exclusivity over their trade secrets, trademarks, designs, inventions, and literary or artistic creations and thereby: •It decreases the likelihood of copying or imitation by competitors. •It increases the practical options for commercializing the new or improved products. •It deals more effectively with any violations of their IP rights. In developing strategy and exports plan, most SMEs face a number of challenges. They need to ensure that their strategy and exports plan adequately take into account all factors that may affect their competitive edge in the target market(s). So, this article aims to deal with these problems at the national and international levels.