جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « islamic ethics » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

In the literature on consumer behavior, environmental factors such as family and culture of consumer and internal factors such as beliefs and convictions influence on lifestyle and consumer behavior. The system that is based on Islamic principles, analyzing the consumer behavior of family and rationality governing it, beyond consumer behavior based on instrumental rationality in the West. Therefore, the formation of the family based on foundations of Islamic ethics is one of the platforms and centers for institutional in society towards human excellence, that through institutionalization of positive moral attributes such as altruism, patience and dedication to drawing economic man in all three dimensions, material, spiritual and otherworldly. Accordingly, the institutionalization of altruism, patience and dedication through reducing positive time preference rate can lead to increased social welfare. In the framework of general equilibrium model, results show that expanding the family institution based on ethical grounds, through adjustment of positive time preference rate increase capital per capita, GDP per capita, consumption per capita and ultimately increase household welfare in the steady state.

The present study aimed to identify factors affecting human moral behavior as Businessman In business .This article was a kind of development research (R & D) and it’s data collection method is library research .Many economic thinkers have recognized the fact that, contrary to traditional thinking in economics, legal pressure and the invisible hand of the market can not prevent moral hazard trade . The research hypothesis is that the spread of Islamic ethics in business can help bridge the gap in the performance of business law .Over the function-oriented approach to business ,Islam considered Business ethics Strategy for development of moral virtues in the Islamic market and society .In general, humans in the personal and moral character has a special feature that shape their thought, speech and action .So in this study, to identify factors affecting the ethical behavior of businessmen- after the expression of Question and Theoretical literature- the necessity and importance of ethics from an Islamic perspective is explained .Then were reviewed various topics in the field of ethical behavior in business and describe the research questions and explain the topics

Money demand function in the conventional economics considers three transaction, precautionary and speculative motives for money demand. The reason is the instrumental rationality assumption in designing and formation of the family’s money demand function, while in Islam’s viewpoint, as the rationality of the family is beyond the instrumental one and it enters the spheres of society and ethics, such desirable moral characters as compassion and altruism will also affect the formation of family’s money demand function. In this study, with an eye to the ethical principles dominating the family in Islam’s viewpoint, we show that family formation leads to the uplift of desirable ethical characteristics, and by extending the institution of family on the basis of Islam’s value foundations, such ethical attributes as dedication, compassion and altruism will spread over the society. Thus, the money demand will not be solely based on precautionary, speculative and transaction motives, and the motives based on desirable moral characters, called forth type motives in this study, will affect it. Then, in the framework of Sidrauski’s model, we prove that because of increasing forth type motives via affecting the time-preference rate, the family effect leads to a higher welfare.

One of the basic assumptions of the efficiency of competitive markets is the assumption of perfect information so that this assumption has been undermined in recent years, and information asymmetry in the market has received attention as an important issue from economists. Studies show that information asymmetry undermines market efficiency. Markets are one of the essential elements of the market economy therefore, providing models of efficient market was one of the main concerns of economists at different times. The labor market and commodity, money and capital markets make the economic system. Information asymmetry in this market can greatly distort its efficiency. For example, if for the employment, the employer is not able to detect low or high worker productivity, it is possible that the labor market's decline and it became a market which only hired people with low productivity and wage, costs increase talented workers out of the market and etc. Therefore, markets with incomplete information are generally inefficient. So, it should take steps to reduce the information asymmetry in the market. The labor market study we find that Islam has given the disparity of information from the beginning so it Islam seeks to provide a model of market that it is minimized information asymmetry in the market. Ethical Elements of labor and production in religious teachings are widespread and labor and production value in Islam depends to observe the moral and religious values in this area. Islamic ethics observation increasing labor productivity, leading to lower information asymmetry and increase the efficiency of the market by creating incentives to work, to strengthen the work Conscience, reducing the cost of monitoring, avoiding layoffs and a waste of time and resources and etc. In this paper, the theoretical foundations of information asymmetry and work ethic in Islam describe. Afterward, some Muslim moral principles associated with information asymmetry in the market are expressed. This study shows that the moral principles and values observation that recommended in Islam reduces information asymmetry and increases market efficiency. In general, it can be said that the identification and objective realization of these elements in addition to increasing market efficiency, groundwork for optimizing of production activities and thereby laying the economic growth.

Development and diversification of economic activities in the country and efforts to privatize state enterprises led to increase of the number and broadening of the scope of activities of public companies and increasing development of the capital market over the past decade, and further enhanced the need to exercise financial control over the production units and organizations. Elimination of this need requires providing financial information which is reliable, relevant, and comparable by various companies and institutions. Preparation and presentation of this information requires usingof the services of professional accountants. Independent professional accountants also perform the evaluation of this information and auditing of financial statements. Approval of activities of organizations and firms by independent professional accountants also has an important role in transparency of capitaland financial markets through creating confidence and meeting the needs of investors, and provides the basis for achieving economic growth and development. On the other hand,in academic education of professional accountants, the method of professional behavior and the courses related to Islamic ethics should be considered, so that they provide the basis for more accountability and responsiveness and creating commitment to provide safe and calm environment for investment of the investors.

In this research economic outcomes of a few speculative actions according to Islamic Jurisprudence, Islamic ethics and their results on economic growth by using content analysis method has been analyzed.
Within the research, short-run speculative contracts evaluated based on three criterias :1. Non-positive sum game 2.Certain amount 3. Rule of win/loss.
The results show that the short-run speculative transanction have to be rejected whereas entrepreneurship activities must be encouraged. This approach is consistent with Islamic ethics and leads to economic growth.

People with different beliefs, in turn, could affect economic variables the effect is trough doing an activity that people are offered in the community. Since always from the perspective of Islam and Western economists Ethical Treatment is recommended. It seems that people with a detailed understanding of their religious taught and moral norms do not work against public interests. Governments, along with a number of measures to facilitate and promote such activities can be a precursor to adhere these principles. Thus in Islamic society which achieving human happiness and perfection is the target, people should abide by ethical standards recommended in the verses and traditions and does their work in the community as their duty. In this regard, the responsibility of governments in each country is that to provide the bed and the necessary structures to achieve these goals.
In this study we try to investigate the importance of work and efforts along with Islamic ethics and appraise the government performance to provide a platform for ethical measures and the welfare of the people that should be realized. In this regard, by using library method and descriptive analysis, the moral activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran government in the executive Customs agencies has been analyzed. Referring to some activities, analysis of variance has been done on the implementation of World ASYCUDA project (87-91) - This project aims to accelerate the export, import and transit of goods in the country and thus increase revenue and provide satisfactory service to the community.
With calculations and studies, Results indicate that the execution of the project in some country’s customs agencies has a significant effect on the average efficiency of export, import and transit to the destination countries.

The present acceleration of economic growth in countries has caused and gradually developed environmental crises in the world. Analyzing this problem morally, the present paper reviews two contradictory views in this regard. Some believe that existing crisis is due to separation from teachings of religions and that increase in the grounds of moral and religious education is its solution. Adopting a secular approach, others regard such religious teachings as disapproving attachment to this world and permission of excessive use of natural resources as influential factors for the creation of the crisis. This paper hypothesizes that this crisis should be regarded the effect of separation from religious values. The research findings indicate that, in the view of religion, especially Islam, natural resources and other divine graces are created for all men and environment is respected in sacred law, and that environment will protected by strengthening individual religious principles and such social institutions as commanding the good and forbidding the bad.