جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "micro" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

In the conventional financial system the credit cooperatives are widely exploited to decrease poverty and satisfy the households’ minor needs. These cooperatives are active in the Iranian economy as well, but they are confronted with some shortcomings as regards different aspects, some of which are the existence of free cooperatives, lack of proper regulations regarding credit cooperatives, unconventional rates for deposits and loans, lack of proper managerial structure and lack of clear jurisprudential basis.
The present article tries to resolve these problems and, in order to do so, besides taking advantage of the experience of Iran and other countries, designs a desired model for Iranian credit cooperatives, consistent with Imamiah jurisprudence, using the method of interviewing the experts and analyzing the results. In this model, credit cooperatives are formed according to company contract, using the capital of members having one feature in common, and in order for the new members to be able to join them the multiple common link can be exploited. In this model the credit cooperatives, besides utilizing membership fees, use the members’ deposits as a supplementary resource, and through the contracts of Qard-ul-Hasanah, Murabahah, Istisna, Ijarah Bittamlik and Dain purchasing, offer loans and are regulated by the central bank, a national and professional institution. On the basis of our findings, credit cooperatives, while offering loans with rates lower than those of banks, accept deposits with fair rates.

The task of determining the factors affecting poverty is the first step in combating it and making an appropriate program to alleviate it. In this study, effective factors are identified by using micro-data from Household Income-Expenditure Survey of Urban Households in 2009 and applying an econometric model. In this article, panel data models with limited dependent variable is used. It is the choice of limited dependent variable that makes this study different from other papers that have studied the problem of poverty in Iran. So, after clustering data and calculating poverty line, a panel data with logit model, which is based on socio-economic characteristics, is estimated with maximum likelihood approach.The results show that among factors affecting poverty, the ratios of number of literate members and working members to the household dimention have the most significant effect on decreasing the probability of facing poverty. On the other hand, household size has the most significant effect on increasing the probability of facing poverty. Moreover Gender of the household head has a significant effect on the probability of facing poverty. Coefficient of this variable shows that the probability of facing poverty is reduced if the household head is male compared with the situation that the head of household is female.