جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sovereignty" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

The process of development and thus national security and protection of the national sovereignty of the oil exporting countries at the global level depends on the conclusion of oil contracts and how they apply their sovereignty to such contracts. National security in the field of oil,gas and energy,which constitutes the most important economic sector of the country is affected by the extent of national sovereignty in oil contracts and the extent to which national sovereignty is observed in these contracts will also provide national security. According to the analysis of the scientific researches investigated by qualitative research method and by the use of meta analysis and directional content analysis by open coding method as well as implementation of Holesty test for coding validation high oil and gas handheld contracts in two main categories of assessing national sovereignty and security with the components (government ownership,host government management,sovereignty) and the evaluation of law with its component (intrest laws and regulations,jurisprudential rules,international law and regulation,international financial standards and accounting) and a variety of up stream oil and gas contracts including production Sharing contracts, concession and services contracts based on the level of compliance with the above factors,appropriate approaches have been developed and appropriate legal solutions have been Presented.

After reviewing briefly the Iranian oil contracts from Reuter and D’Arcy concessions to buy-back contracts, we have examined the desired properties of oil contracts as follows: sovereignty and ownership over oil resources, national rights and interests in the chain of oil operations, transfer of technical knowledge and skills, and finally improvement in Government revenues resulting from oil production. An evaluation of oil contracts over a period of 140 years since Reuter’s concession in 1872 reveals the fact that the main attention of Governments has always been focused on gaining higher foreign exchange revenues. In principle, the sovereignty and ownership of oil resources have not usually been a conflicting issue amongst Governments and IOCs due to the fact that the permanent sovereignty over natural resources is well-recognized in international law. However, the point of prime significance is the identification of the impact of this property on the process of oil operations by IOCs, which depends entirely on the knowledge and expertise of NIOC. The other two properties are, more or less, emphasized in all oil contracts, yet without producing any tangible results due to the lack of endogenous efforts to advance technical knowledge and skills in oil industry as well as a change of Government’s outlook to the role and status of oil in economic development. Otherwise, contracts with IOCs cannot be expected to enhance technical and managerial capabilities of NIOC towards becoming a national-international oil company.