جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حداقل مربعات معمولی کاملا اصلاح شده » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Electricity energy as a production factor due to natural and clean efficiency, plays effective role in the sustainable growth and development each country. This study investigates the effect of electricity consumption on economic growth in provinces of the country and during the period 2004-2016. To achieve this goal is used of panel cointegration analysis and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) are used to estimate long-term coefficients and to determine the short and long term causality relationship, are used Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM).
The empirical results indicate a significant effect of electricity consumption on economic growth in provinces of the country in all estimated models. Also, in models have been used the variables of labor force, investment, urbanization rate and literacy rate and their results indicate that there are positive and significant effects on economic growth. Also results of panel causality test shows that there is a bilateral relationship and long-term of electricity consumption to economic growth and vice versa. In addition, patterns results without regard to the Tehran indicate that this has dominant role in increasing electricity consumption.

The existence of backward and forward relationship among different industrial sectors together and with other sectors of the economy (agriculture, construction and services) has led to the importance of industry in the national economy to be higher than its share in GDP. On the other hand, developed financial markets introduced as the factors affecting the growth of value added in industry sector. According to the structure of Iran financing system, the present research study the effect of the development of the financial markets of the money and capital markets on growth of value added of industrial sector in Iran during 1990-2013. Therefore, using principal component analysis through the five indicators of money market development and three indicators of capital market development, a composite index related to each market has extracted and then estimated research model in three different modes and using fully modified version of ordinary least square method. Results suggest a significant positive impact on the development of money and capital on the growth of value added of industrial sector of Iran during the period under review. Also, the coefficient of expansion of the money market is larger than the coefficient of capital market development that verified Bank-based supply financing system in Iran.

In this paper we use dynamic panel data methodology to estimate income and price elasticities of demand for gas in the four Iranian climatic regions as delineated by the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC). Our results indicate a Cobb-Douglas production function where the sum of coefficients is higher than one, indicating monopolistic behavior by NIGC. We calculate the total cost of gas treatment and transmission using factors obtained from the Cobb-Douglas function. The study then proceeds to develop a Boiteux–Ramsey pricing model. Our estimated prices ndicate that the increase in gas prices observed up to 2014 are consistent with optinal Boiteux–Ramsey prices that produce an internal rate of return in the range of 17% to 25%. We note than any increase beyond this range would lead to welfare losses for natural gas consumers.