جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « داده‎های تابلویی » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The current study deals with the effect of GDP, urban population and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in OPEC member countries. To show the details of his findings, in this study, using the panel data method, the effect of GDP, increase in urban population and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for 13 OPEC member countries in the period of time, 1990 to 2019, was reviewed. The results show that GDP, urban population increase, and consumption of non-renewable fuels have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The general findings indicate that following the increase in gross domestic production and the industrialization of countries, we will also witness the growth of the urban population. Environmental pollution is mainly aggravated by rapid urbanization and industrialization, as well as economic growth and non-renewable energies in OPEC member countries, which are mainly developing countries, and have destructive effects on the environment. This study recommends that sustainable urbanization and economic growth should be promoted using green finance and clean energy sources. Also, the need to change energy consumption patterns from fossil fuels and move towards renewable energy sources should be supported among OPEC member countries

The incremental increasing generation of electronic waste has created concerns for human society, especially regarding the environment. In addition to environmental pollution, waste has harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the hypothesis of the present research is whether, along with factors such as electricity intensity, energy intensity, and urbanization, advanced technology and comparative advantage in environmentally related technologies affect the generation of e-waste. The scope of this research, based on the latest available data, is the period of 2010-2020 and 10 selected countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results of the present research based on the panel data model show that the comparative advantage in technologies related to the environment has a reducing effect on electronic waste and accordingly, the main recommendation of this article is to emphasize green innovations in reducing hazardous waste. It is also recommended to develop innovation and technology management in order to reduce electronic waste and sustainable development.

The banking system Soundness is very important for maintaining economic, social and political stability and ensuring sustainable development at the national and international levels. Therefore, revealing the factors affecting the health of banks and considering these factors in the design of economic policies is important. Several factors affect the financial health of the banking system at the company level and the country level. which have a different effect depending on the type and nature. In this regard, studies show that the performance and banking system Soundness is largely dependent on the environmental conditions of the macroeconomic environment with contradictory influence. According to this issue, in this study, the uncertain effect of macroeconomic variables and bank-specific factors on the health of the banking system of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the period 2001-2021 was investigated using the panel data method and fixed effects And with the benefit of Eviews software.The results of the survey have shown that corporate governance, economic growth, bank size and quality of supervision have a negative and significant effect on the financial Soundness index of the banking system. In contrast, the uncertainty of macroeconomic variables and banking competition have a positive and significant effect on the financial Soundness index of the banking system.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative entropy. In this research, the panel data method and the fixed effects model were used to estimate the coefficients of the models. The research findings indicate that between 2002 and 2018,  industrial concentration and import of capital goods have a positive and statistically significant effect on the intensity of energy consumption. So that, one percent increase in the share of the industry in the market, increases the intensity of energy consumption between 0,089 to 0.203 percent. Also, the price of energy carriers has a negative effect on the intensity of energy consumption. Considering the inverse relationship between the price of energy carriers and energy intensity and the low elasticity of the price, it is  necessary that incrementally raise the energy prices for industries logically causing environmental pollution to decrease their energy intensity. It is suggested that capital goods enter industries that have low energy consumption.

Income inequality is one of the most important and stable problems in societies, and neglecting this issue can have many negative effects. Nowadays, financial inclusion as a factor affecting income inequality has attracted the attention of financial institutions and policymakers. The literature related to financial inclusion, especially in developing countries, is still in the early stages. This research investigates the effect of financial inclusion on income inequality in 18 selected developing countries in the period of 2005-2019 using panel data model. Since financial inclusion is a multi-dimensional concept with different indicators in each dimension, this study examines the two dimensions of access and usage separately. Also, the effect of the variables including inflation, economic growth, unemployment and trade openness has been investigated. The results indicate that financial inclusion has a negative and significant effect on income inequality both in terms of access and usage, and expanding financial inclusion helps to reduce income inequality. In both dimensions inflation has a negative effect on income inequality and show that the increase of this variable causes income inequality to decrease. The coefficients of the GDP, unemployment and trade openness are positive and this shows that the increase of each of these variables increases inequality.

Achieving sustainable economic growth requires a lot of investment in infrastructure to increase production capacity and revenue. These investments include not only physical investment, but also human investment, research and innovation, education, health and labor migration. Thus, one of the most important factors affecting economic growth, in addition to labor and physical capital, is human capital.This article examines the causal relationship between education, health, and economic growth in 12 developing countries during 1983 - 2020. For this purpose, using Granger's causality method for panel data, the causality relationship between these three variables is examined in the short -run. In order to estimate the long-run relationship, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method is also used. The results indicate that in the long-run, there is a two-way causal relationship between the economic growth index and the health index, as well as a two-way causal relationship between the health index and the education index. However, there was no causal relationship between education and economic growth in the long- run, although in the short -run there was only one causal relationship between economic growth and the education index.

Today, one of the policies that some developed countries have chosen in recent decades to deal with all kinds of problems in their society is the implementation of decentralization policy. In other words, the central governments observed that they could not perform their duties properly without the presence and role of local governments, and it is necessary that part of their powers in local and provincial areas be delegated to the relevant units. But the most important form of decentralization is financial decentralization, which has received more attention among economists and politicians in recent years. In addition to financial decentralization, the issue of social capital has entered the economic debate in recent years and has been given serious attention along with other capitals, and in Iran it has also been considered for development and growth. So, in this paper we analyze the effects of financial decentralization on social capital during 2011- 2019 period by using panel data model. The results shows that in the first model, income decentralization, per capita income and economic participation rate have a positive and significant relationship with social capital but inflation and business environment variables have a negative relationship with social capital. Also, the results of second model shows that cost decentralization, per capita income and economic participation rate have a positive and significant relationship with social capital but the variables of inflation and business environment have a negative relationship with social capital.

Today, many risks, including economic, financial, and political ones, threaten the economies of countries. On the other hand, governments try to manage the negative consequences and neutralize or minimize their impact on the economy. A review of the situation shows that most underdeveloped and developing countries, especially those rich in natural resources (resource rents), have been severely affected by these internal and external shocks (resource curse) due to their high dependence on oil revenues; in contrast, developed countries have suffered less by adopting appropriate policies. The purpose of this study is to construct and introduce a composite resource curse vulnerability index and then investigate the impact of each of the economic, financial, and political risks on the resource curse vulnerability index. Therefore, using the latest available data, the econometric approach of panel data was performed for 14 selected countries in the Mena region from 2005 to 2018. Results indicate an inverse and significant relationship between independent variable risks on the dependent variable (resource curse vulnerability index), which confirms the research hypotheses.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial development dimensions on income inequality. Studies show that domestic research on financial development usually uses a monetary index. However, the financial development index is a multidimensional concept that includes both monetary indicators and capital market components. Accordingly, in this study, using the data of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and combining it with provincial monetary statistics, various indicators of financial development, which include monetary and financial components, are created and distributed over income has been tested. For this purpose, panel data in the period 2010 to 2018 and the EGLS method (cross-sectional weight data based on fixed effects) is used. Indicators of financial access, financial depth, financial instability and financial liberalization have been used as dimensions of financial development. The variables of per capita income, inflation, free trade, geographical distance and government size have also been used as control variables. The results show that the variables of ratio of private credit to production, facilities granted to the private sector and the number of privately owned industrial workshops have a positive effect on the Gini coefficient and increase income inequality. Long-term changes in stock price fluctuations of selected companies have a negative impact and improve the distribution of income. The per capita production variable, the ratio of the province’s budget to production and inflation increases income inequality and the ratio of total exports and imports to production and the per capita distance to the center reduce it.

Social capital is very closely related to collective behaviors and behaviors based on interpersonal relationships. Social capital can be an effective factor in corruption. Theoretical foundations show that social capital in different societies can have different effects on corruption. In this study, in order to test this hypothesis, data from countries (136 countries) in different income categories and in the period 2012-2020 were used. In addition, the panel data estimation method was used. The results of the study show that social capital can have a reducing effect on corruption in the studied countries. In addition, the impact of social capital on corruption will vary in different income categories around the world. In low-income countries, social capital has less effect and in high-income countries, social capital has a stronger effect on reducing corruption. This result can be attributed to the different structure of social capital at different income levels of countries and also the existence of different institutional arrangements in countries. The more appropriate contexts exist in societies, the more social capital created, the more favorable the effects on governance and the reduction of corruption.

Higher Education (HE) in Iran have been subject to a major expansion and massification in the recent years, in a way that number of students approximately tripled from 2006 to 2016. This would have possibly affected labor market or unemployment rate of the country. Considering both provincial and national level, this study investigates the relationship between HE expansion and unemployment rate in the recent era (2006-2018) empirically. In this regard, number of assignments, students, and the state budget allocated to HE institutions are taken as variables indicating HE expansion so that their relationship with unemployment rate can be explored. The empirical methodology of this study in national level is to consider trends and calculating correlations for different lags. In provincial level, Granger causality and dynamic panel data regression with systemic GMM estimators are utilized as methods of the analysis. The results show a positive significant correlation exists between the state budget of HE and unemployment rate. Moreover, in provincial level, number of students and assignments Granger cause unemployment in some lags. Dynamic panel data model with numerous specifications also approve a positive significant relationship between HE expansion in provinces and their unemployment rate, however, the effect is not the same considering different models, especially for number of students.

This study aims to investigate the behavior of inflation in relation to money in developed and developing countries, and then by comparing the differences between these two categories, the reasons and documentation necessary for the effect of money on inflation in two groups of developed countries and provide non-developed. 

Based on the model presented in this research, the dependent variable interval is present as an explanatory variable in the model, which causes endogeneity in the model. In order to solve the endogeneity problem, the method of estimating generalized moments is used to estimate model parameters. The econometric estimation method that is used in most economic studies to solve the endogeneity problem is to use the two-stage least squares method 2SLS. The necessary condition for using this method is to find a suitable instrumental variable to solve the endogeneity problem; But using this method faces difficulties. The first problem in using this method is the difficulty of finding a suitable instrumental variable and even the limited nature of this type of variable. Also, using this method cannot solve the problem of correlation between explanatory variables and reduce or completely eliminate co-linearity in the model. To solve the problems mentioned in the economic literature, the method of generalized moments of GMM is used. The necessary condition for using the dynamic panel data approach should be the number of sections or cross-sectional units of the research period or time (N>T). Considering the point that in the current research, the time period studied is small compared to the number of countries, so it is appropriate to use the dynamic panel data approach.In the estimation process with the method of generalized moments, after the estimation stage, the validity of the instrumental variables and the over-specificity of the equation should be checked. In this regard, the Sargan test is used. In addition, the self-regression order of the disturbance sentences should be tested. In this regard, first-order differentiation to eliminate fixed effects will be a suitable method if the order of autocorrelation of disturbance sentences is not of the second order. In order to check the order of autocorrelation of disturbance sentences, Arland and Band have proposed the following statistic which has a normal distribution for free. In order to avoid false regression, first the unit root test of function variables is calculated. Before estimating the model, it is necessary to determine the type of data (composite or cross-sectional). In this regard, Limer's F test has been used in economic literature. 

The estimation results for the two groups of countries under investigation show that the type of inflation in the two groups is different from the others, so that in oil-developing countries, the most important variable affecting inflation is inflation expectations, so that for each unit of increase in Inflation expectations in oil developing countries, the rate of inflation increases by 0.55 units, while in developed countries, this rate is 0.13 and does not have a statistically significant effect on the rate of inflation. The analysis of inflation in developed countries indicates that the most important variable affecting it is the interest rate, so that for each unit increase in the interest rate, the inflation rate increases by 1.22 units, while the effect of this variable on the inflation of oil developing countries It is equal to 0.31 units. Investigating the behavior of liquidity in relation to inflation of both investigated groups indicates a significant positive effect on inflation, and the only thing worth mentioning about the effects of liquidity is that the amount of this variable on inflation is greater in oil developing countries than in developed countries, so that For each unit of liquidity growth in oil countries, the rate of inflation increases by 0.10, while for developed countries this rate is 0.04. 

Economic growth is a very important factor in reducing inflation in oil-developing countries and developed countries, and since developed countries pay a lot of attention to economic growth, it is necessary for oil-developing countries to also pay attention to this issue and factors such as the use of effective workforce that will increase economic growth, and also avoid over-reliance on oil income and by increasing the export of other domestic products, have a diverse export portfolio in case of a decrease in income Nafti prevented the expectations of inflation and budget deficit and brought price stability to the economy.The growth of liquidity in both groups of countries causes an increase in inflation, and since in developed countries liquidity is accompanied by high production; It does not lead to an increase in inflation, but in oil developing economies, the growth of oil income causes the economic growth of oil. increase If the government reacts to the increase in inflation by using imports, in the long term it can cause a decrease in economic growth, and if the oil income decreases, it will intensify inflation through liquidity and low economic growth. This study recommends that oil developing countries strictly prevent the application of fixed currency regimes so that oil income does not lead to liquidity changes in the country.The most effective factor on inflation in oil developing countries is inflationary expectations, which should be prevented from applying policies that cause inflationary expectations to increase. In this regard, it is recommended that the government and the central bank identify the factors affecting inflation expectations, such as increasing liquidity, increasing the exchange rate, and make other economic adjustments at appropriate times.: The main purpose of this study is to compare the effects of money supply growth on inflation in oil developing countries and developed countries.

One of the critical factors affecting productivity is innovation and technology. In fact, innovation is necessary to increase productivity, and the transformation of new ideas into new economic solutions (new products, processes, and services) is the basis of sustainable competitive advantages for companies. Many studies have investigated the relationship between productivity and innovation. Some of these studies have found a positive relationship between innovation and productivity, and some have not found a significant relationship between the two. According to the recent contents, this study seeks to examine the relationship between innovation and productivity in developing countries. For this purpose, the panel data method has been used for the period from 2011 to 2019. The results of the model show that innovation and productivity have a positive and significant relationship. The estimated parameter of innovation is equal to 0.16, which indicates that a one percent increase in innovation increases productivity by 0.16 percent. It will be like increasing competition and improving quality through factors influencing innovation, such as research and development, production and knowledge collaboration. Therefore, to strengthen productivity, it is suggested to focus more on the variable components of innovation, increasing research and development in institutions and enterprises, investing in the education and training of specialized human resources, and networks to create and collaborate knowledge between enterprises. Also, the Frontier technology readiness index has a positive and significant effect on productivity. Technological readiness creates prosperity and new job opportunities, as well as increases the competitiveness of industries in the domestic and international arena, and its positive effect is in accordance with the theoretical expectation of the research. The estimated coefficient of this index is equal to 0.06, and with a one percent positive change in the index, productivity increases by 0.06 percent.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the export function of Iranian agricultural products to neighboring countries. In order to achieve the objectives of the research we have employed an export function model inspired by Yan and Lee article and studied the effect of GDP variables, price ratios and exchange rates on Iran's agricultural exports. The data used here for the estimation of the research model were for the period 2008-2019 and have been processed via the econometric approach and the panel data method.According to the research findings, the effect of increasing GDP of neighboring countries on the export of Iranian agricultural products has been positive and significant. On the contrary, the price ratio and exchange rate ratio between Iran and neighboring countries turned out to have negative and significant influence on the export of Iranian agricultural products. These imply that growth in GDP of neighboring countries has increased the export of Iranian agricultural products to these countries while increasing the ratio of domestic prices to the prices of neighboring countries and increasing the domestic exchange rate relative to the exchange rate of neighboring countries have reduced the export of Iranian agricultural products.

Collection resources by the municipalities of Tehran's urban areas constitute a significant share (45%) of the total collection resources of this institution. The main purpose of this study is to identify and determine the effective factors on the collection resources of the 22 districts of Tehran, design the model, and estimate the effect coefficients using FGLS and PCSE econometric methods using seasonal data from 2015 to 2019. Based on the findings, the collection resources of the municipalities of the regions are mainly dependent on the boom in the construction sector (the number of housing transactions, the number of building permits issued, and the price of land) with significant intensity and the state of the population living in the region (population density). According that the share of the cost of issuing a building permit of the total cost of housing production in the northern regions compared to the same share in the southern regions is very small (due to the significant difference in land prices in the northern and southern regions of the city) and also the significant deviation in the regional real estate price (the reference book for determining the price of tolls) from the corresponding index based on the market price, it is suggested that the policy of increasing the price of building permits should be considered, especially in periods of prosperity to increase the revenues of Tehran Municipality and also Redistribution of wealth and investment in the housing sector among different urban areas.

According to the mutual relationship of human development and distribution of opportunities in the process of development, improvement of human development that is possible through the same opportunities in different provinces is necessary to advance goals in national and regional level as the main factor. On the other hand the ways of improving human development index is to focus on the regional and national effective components. Thus, the check and identification of how the distribution of opportunities in the provinces of the region is necessary to improve human development. In this research opportunities are categorized in 5 dimensions: economic, infrastructural, social, cultural, knowledge and human and health capital-environmental, and their relationship with human development for Iran provinces during the period of 2018-2005 with the panel data approach, Principal Component Analysis method has been analyzed, that the results show the positive impact of various opportunities on human development.

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of the Corona virus epidemic on the production of Iranian manufacturing industries. In order to identify corona waves, in the first part, wavelet analysis is used in the daily time period from March 2019 to March 2020, and in the second part, the effect of different wavelengths on 12 automotive, refining and transportation companies and 15 companies. Food, pharmaceutical and insurance, in the monthly period from April 2017 to March 2019 has been analyzed using panel data and EGLS method. In this study, daily to annual corona wavelengths as well as explanatory variables of inflation and monetary index have been used to examine the economic situation of companies during the corona. The results of wavelet analysis and continuous wavelet transform scalogram indicate that the first, second and third corona peaks are the strongest corona waves. Interpretation of the model estimation results shows that between daily to annual corona waves, daily, weekly and quarterly corona waves have a significant negative effect on company sales. The monthly corona wave, meanwhile, shows a positive effect on corporate sales. Based on the results of the model, it was also found that inflation has a positive effect on sales and production of companies and more deposits than facilities has been able to increase the production and sales of companies

In this study, the effects of institutional factors and human capital on economic growth in developing countries are examined. For this purpose, by using the panel data during the years 2010-2018 for a selection of developing countries, the results show that institutional factors such as indicators of business regulation and emerging entrepreneurship foreign direct investment, human capital and the formation of gross domestic fixed capital has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of selected countries. In addition, the business regulation index, government spending on education and economic growth rate has ‌a positive and significant effect on the business climate index in developing countries. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, the need for development oriented strategic planning in order to implement institutional and legal requirements to facilitate business environment and encourage entrepreneurship, as well as reform and changing general, vocational and specialized education programs with the approach of training potential entrepreneurs, can provide suitable conditions for the emergence of entrepreneurial businesses, especially technology based.