جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشورهای عضو منا » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Environmental pollution and the factors affecting it are a topical issue in economic analysis. In developing countries, environmental pollution is rising alongside with economic growth while being regarded as an inferior or at least a normal commodity. Capital is the main engine of economic growth and development. Hence, developing countries have always been attempting to attract investment. Foreign direct investment is considered to be the key factor in the transfer of capital, which expands the development of the global production network, accelerating the process of economic growth and development in the host country. Since the foreign direct investment leads to more use of energy resources and natural resources, it is therefore expected to have a significant relationship between foreign direct investments and the environmental pollution. It follows therefore that the study of the relationship between these two variables is of particular importance. The prime objective of this research is to investigate the effect of foreign direct investment on environmental pollution in Iran and the selected countries of the MENA during the years 1990 to 2011 with the panel data econometric approach. The results demonstrate that there is a positive and significant relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and foreign direct investment in the countries under study.

The economic vulnerability of some countries stems from the fact that their economies are largely influenced by forces outside their control. Areas that are most affected by economic shocks should promote the position of a resilient economy in their policies.
This paper tries to examine the impact of economic vulnerability on the development index of MENA countries in the 1995-2015 period using the econometric method and panel data approach.
The results of the study indicate a negative and significant relationship between economic vulnerability and development index in the target countries. The innovation of this study is to calculate the impact of economic vulnerability in different countries. Iran is ranked sixth in terms of the fragility of the economy against economic shocks. Countries that are ranked worse are often those countries that either face political instability (domestic wars) or have a strong dependence on oil revenues. In this way, policies such as reducing dependence on oil revenues and paying attention to political stability are introduced as tools for controlling and strengthening the economy against external economic shocks.

Of the issues facing present age countries is the phenomenon of globalization. Globalization, mixture and integration of national economies into the global economy is whose effects can be considered in increasing international trade, globalization of production and the flow of foreign direct investment. Investigated broad effects and consequences this process on various aspects of human life including political, economic, social and cultural has attracted Particular attention of thinkers, politicians, economists in worldwide. This investigation, first of all need to quantify this phenomenon, construction and use of appropriate indicators to measure it. The aim of this study is the investigation of the globalization effect by using a new integral index of economic globalization, KOF on attracting foreign direct investment in selected countries, member of the MENA and 20 year’s period is 1990-2009. Research model was estimated by using panel econometric techniques such as panel unit root, panel co-integration and GMM. The results of research implies a significant and positive relationship between globalization and foreign direct investment. Also the size of the market index, the human capital index have positive and significant impact and population parameters on attracting foreign direct investment has a significant and negative impact.

In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads to reinforced morale and solidarity towards common national preferences and interests besides an increased plea for pacifism and social and political equilibrium on the side of minorities. As a consequence, this new stable and peaceful status will pave the path for economic growth as a results of which access to social and economic rights will be facilitated and injustice will decrease. Finally, the foregoing results will lead to decreased violence and conflicts and the provision of more facilities under this new air of mutual understanding. In this study, we examined the effect of economic –social variables on ethnic tensions in selected 11 countries of the MENA (Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates) by using panel data for (1984-2009) period. Results show that economic - social variables (unemployment, inflation, income inequality) have positive significant effects on ethnic conflicts. On the other side, economic growth has negative significant effect on ethnic conflict.

Administrative corruption is more or less observed in almost all countries. However, its extent and form vary from one country to another. Presently, administrative and financial corruption is a worldwide problem. The governments worldwide are fully aware of the many damages it causes: it paralyzes the local economies, disrupts the trend of economic development, and threatens democratic institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to fight corruption by identifying and controlling the factors influencing it. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of democracy and property rights on diminishing corruption in the Middle East and North Africa over the period 2003-2012. For this purpose, the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) was used to measure the fall in administrative corruption in these countries. The utilized research model was developed by using econometrics techniques such as Panel Data Unit Root, Panel Data Co-Integration, Fixed Effects Method and Generalized Least Squares Method. The results of this study indicate that democracy and property rights have significant positive effects on CPI (a decrease in corruption) in the studied countries. Economic Development Index (EDI), inflation and saving rate have significant negative effects on CPI (an increase in corruption). Additionally, the human capital has a positive effect on CPI (a decrease in corruption).

The aim of this paper is to analyse the influentioal factors on economic growth in MENA coutries during 1991-2001. The differences between economic growth in these countries has originated from existing institutions performance, doing business condition, production factors, the level of technology and competition between government and private agencies in economic activities. Based on a panel data teqniquic on some selected countries we have estimated the labor and capital coefficient effects on their production value. The findings show that capital accumulation have positive effects on economic growth rate in Iran, Emarat, Jordon, kuweit, Moroco, Oman, Qatar, Surya and Turkey. These coefficients in Bahrin, Lybia, Saudi Arabia, and Tunesia are lower than former groups. In addition, human factors have more participants in growth in Iran, Turkey, Jordon, Kuweit, Saudi Arabia, Tunesia and Bahrin to others selected Counttries.