جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « EKC » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an important role in designing a macroeconomic model for sustainable economic development; The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between growth and carbon dioxide emissions, emphasizing the role of renewable and fossil energy consumption in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, 26 developed countries and 41 developing countries have been considered in the period of 2000-2021. The results of the Westerland cointegration test (with cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developed countries and the Kao cointegration test (without cross-sectional dependence between countries) in developing countries indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between model variables in both groups of countries. FGLS and PCSE estimators show that in both groups of countries, renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the environment, and the absolute value of this impact is greater in developed countries than in developing countries, while this result for Fossil energy is the opposite. The N-shaped growth-pollution relationship is confirmed in both groups of countries. Therefore, it cannot be expected that pollution emissions will decrease in the long term with the increase in production. Therefore, the claim that "economic growth is both the cause and the solution of environmental destruction" is doubtful. This study highlights the importance of promoting green energy in order to achieve sustainable development and combat global warming.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of trade by export and import of intermediate and final goods on environmental degradation, and carbon dioxide emission, in the form of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). For this purpose, a panel data set of OECD, and non-OECD countries from 1998 to 2018 was used. According to the results, the EKC was established in all samples. In addition, while with a sample of OECD countries, trade has a beneficial or inverse effect on carbon dioxide emissions; with a sample of non-OECD countries, and that of all countries, a non-beneficial or direct effect from trade on carbon dioxide emissions prevails. Also, an important conclusion is that imports, regardless of the type of goods, had a more destructive effect on the environment than exports in all samples. Therefore, theories supporting beneficial effects of exports, e.g. improving technology, or destructive effects of imports through energy-intensive products, are better explanations of the issue than theories of destructive consumption of energy resulting from exports, or beneficial effects of imports for the environment

Financial development may reduce environmental pollution through facilitating access to higher technology, and it may lead to environment degradation by increasing industrial activities. In this paper we investigate the impact of financial development, GDP and Energy Consumption on environmental pollution in Iran from 1971-2008 using ARDL procedure. The results reveal a positive impact of financial development in the short and long –term, it means that financial development in Iran has not lead to access environmentally friendly technology. Also in the long run GDP, Energy Consumption and trade liberalization have significant impact on co2Emission. By eliminating the variable of Energy Consumption the elasticities are increased. Moreover, the findings confirm the existence of an EKC in Iran in short and long-term.

This research investigates the existence and direction of Granger causality between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran. A multivariate model including economic growth, energy consumption, carbon emissions, capital stock, labor force, and urban population is used to determine eventual causality between variables according to Toda-Yamamoto Approach. Results indicate that there is a bi-directional causality relationship between gross domestic product and CO2 emissions. Also, there is a uni-direction causality relationship from energy consumption to CO2 emissions. Finally, the results maintain that the EKC hypothesis for GDP and CO2 emissions is relevant in the period of study.

The greenhouse gas emissions as a result of human activities is considered the main factor in global warming. This subject is of greater importance in OPEC countries because of the dependency of OPEC economies on fossil fuels and their economic vulnerability in relation with climate changes conventions and the Kyoto Protocol. In this study, besides analyzing the extent of compliance with EKC in the OPEC and OECD countries, the most important factors influencing CO2 emission will be examined and also the policy implications of KEC for Iran will be studied. The findings indicate that firstly, the inverse U shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve is not confirmed for all the studied countries, including Iran. Secondly, manufacturing value added to GDP (as an industrial development index), trade to GDP (as the openness index), and energy consumption to GDP (the energy intensity index) are found to be the main macroeconomic determinants.