جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Economic Barriers » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Energy subsidies encompass explicit subsidies and implicit subsidies (opportunity costs), both of which significantly influence economic agents' decision-making, as described in the theoretical literature. Iran faces several pressing issues, including escalating energy consumption, inadequate price signaling to address consumption patterns, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and prevailing distributional challenges related to energy subsidies. Consequently, reforming energy carrier subsidies in Iran becomes an imperative task. However, numerous obstacles hinder the effective implementation of this policy, presenting substantial challenges. This study employs a comparative approach that incorporates expert opinions and utilizes the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method with a holistic perspective to evaluate and rank the barriers to energy subsidy reform. The identified barriers are categorized into three groups based on specific criteria: 1) political and social barriers, 2) economic barriers, and 3) institutional and governance barriers. Subsequently, thirteen sub-criteria have been established, considering Iran's economic conditions. The research findings highlight the significance of economic barriers, accounting for 53% weight, followed by political and social barriers with 26%, and institutional and governance barriers with 21%. Notably, among the economic barriers, the high dependency of energy industries on the country's exports and the government's concerns about potential damage to foreign exchange revenues, particularly under sanctions, emerge as crucial factors. Regarding political and social barriers, the prevalent mindset of entitlement among citizens regarding energy subsidies proves noteworthy. Additionally, the lack of a cohesive and reliable database for implementing energy subsidy reform policies assumes utmost importance among institutional and governance barriers. Based on these results, it is imperative for the government to undertake measures encompassing formulation, implementation, and evaluation in all dimensions of energy subsidy reform

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to economic underdevelopment in Kermanshah from the perspective of the people. For this purpose, a survey and interviews with 784 heads of households were used. In their answers, the respondents mentioned 100 concepts as barriers to economic development, which were finally included in three general categories: economic (40 concepts), socio-cultural (33 concepts), and political and managerial (27 concepts). Nearly 70% of the respondents have imagined the barriers of economic underdevelopment of Kermanshah province in the government-non-government spectrum and 80% have imagined them in the collective-individual continuum. Unemployment, economic poverty, lack of factories (economic categories), poor management and negligence of officials (political categories) and addiction (social categories) are the variables that have had the highest frequency (more than 50 times) as a barrier to economic development of the province. Respondents in all cities considered the economic factor more than political and socio-cultural factors as a barrier to economic development and this ratio was higher in Sarpolzahab city than other cities. In Javanrood city, the respondents mentioned the social factor as a priority hindering economic development more than other cities, and the respondents in Paveh city mentioned the political factor as the first priority more than other cities. Respondents' opinions varied according to the city, activity status, employment status, education and place of residence (rural-urban); hence, it seems necessary to consider this difference in describing and analyzing the reality of economic underdevelopment.