جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Generalized Growth Model » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal rate of value added tax with emphasis on harmful products and waste and oil revenues using a model of endogenous growth for Iran’s economy. For this purpose, at first, a generalized growth model for three parts including households, firms and government developed. After developing the model and achieving a determiner relationship of the optimal rate of value added tax, using the parameters of Iran’s economy, the model was calibrated and tax optimized values ​​for different scenarios were calculated. The results showed that in the face of declining oil revenues, to remain in a constant situation, optimal rate of value added tax will be increased. More economic growth will increase the tax optimal rate. By increasing social sensitivity to the harmful products and waste, in order to provide optimum conditions for social welfare, the optimal rate of value added tax should be increased.

Ongoing sanctions on Iranian economy have proved to be very harmful and detrimental to Iranian economic affairs and social welfare. Evaluating the unfair impacts of these sanctions on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and social welfare is the aim of this paper. Firstly, we have developed a generalized growth model in the presence of sanctions while treating exchange rate as a random variable. Secondly, three different forms of sanctions are introduced into the model and their bearings on national product and social welfare is studied. The first tier of the sanctions is imposed on consumption, intermediary and capital goods while exchange rate is assumed to have a random behavior. Then sanctions are also imposed on Iranian oil and gas production. We have devised several scenarios using stochastic Hamilton Bellman Jacobian value function (SHBJ) and genetic algorithm optimization methods. Our results of the first and second scenario imply that the level of social welfare is mostly affected by oil and gas sanctions while goods embargo has targeted goods production. The effects of sanctions on GDP and social welfare is represented by a concave curve. This curvature shows that the impact of sanctions on GDP and social welfare is stronger at the beginning than later on when further sanctions are introduced. In the third scenario oil, gas and goods sanctions are imposed simultaneously. Our results also show that the third scenario effects is stronger than the other two. According to the Gross Domestic Product data acquired for year 1390, oil and gas sanctions have lowered the GDP by 30 percent, while the overall reduction in GDP through all sanction collectively is estimated between 30 to 50 Percent.

purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimal rate of income tax with and without environmental considerations using an endogenous growth model for Iranian economy. For this purpose, first, a three-part generalized growth model consists of households, firms and the government have been developed. After extended the model and determine the optimal income tax rates, the model calibrate for Iranian economy and the optimal tax rates are calculated in different scenarios. Results of calibrated model show that optimal income tax rate with the pollution and environmental considerations is 22.2 percent and regardless of environmental considerations is 20.5 percent. As well as the optimal tax rate will be affected by changes in economic growth rates, interest rates, government oil revenues and pollution function parameters. Sensitivity analysis indicats that in order to remain at steady state If the government oil revenues decrease, the optimal rate of income tax should be increased.