جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حق الزحمه ی حسابرسی » در نشریات گروه « حسابداری »

Changes in the information contained in the financial statements of companies is one of the most important sources of information for decision making for users of financial statements. The greater the range of changes in the items in the financial statements, the higher the information risk or entropy of the financial statements. When the entropy of financial statements is high, users of financial statements become confused and financial analysts are not easily able to estimate the future of the companies; therefore, the entropy of financial statements is considered as a degree of uncertainty in order to predict the future status of the companies. Investing in the stocks of those companies that have high entropy has a high risk, and due to the high risk and the possibility of bankruptcy, it is possible that the principal and profit of capital are lost. For this reason, when investors intend to invest in such companies, are exposed to information risk, And this makes investors adjust their expected rate of return. Failure to meet the expectations of investors will cause them to flee the stock market; This has a significant effect on the cost of capital and the actual return on shares of companies, Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of entropy of financial statements on stock returns and the moderating role of abnormal audit fees on the relationship between entropy of financial statements and stock returns.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and regression correlation analysis in terms of method. The data required for this research have been collected from the website of Tehran Stock Exchange, databases and references to basic financial statements and the Notes to the financial statements of the surveyed companies. To achieve the purpose of the research, 94 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2020 were examined. Combined data analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to test the research hypotheses. Also, we used Microsoft Excel version 16 and Eviews version 9 to analyze the data and extract research results.

The research findings show that the entropy of financial statements (general entropy, Shannon continuous entropy and Renny continuous entropy) has a negative and significant relationship with stock returns. In other words, with increasing entropy of financial statements, stock returns decrease. Also, the research findings indicate that the abnormal audit fees moderate the relationship between entropy of financial statements and the indicators used for it (general entropy, Shannon continuous entropy and Renny continuous entropy) with stock returns. In other words, an abnormal audit fee reduces the severity of the relationship between the entropy of the financial statements and the indicators used for it (general entropy, Shannon continuous entropy and Renny continuous entropy) with stock returns.

Those business units that have a higher entropy risk, their balance sheet composition has more changes. The existence of high entropy in financial statements indicates the more information risk, due to the uncertainty and instability of financial statement items in business units. In other words, investors consider the amount of changes in different items of the balance sheet and income statement compared to the previous period in order to get a correct understanding of the management's performance and their success or failure in achieving the desired goals of the business unit.Also creditors when granting loans, by calculating the entropy of financial statements of business units, If the amount is high, they refuse to give a loan due to the high risk and the ambiguity of the return of the principal and the guaranteed interest of the credits, which causes restriction in the External financing by business units. in other words, entropy of financial statements increases the risk of information and consequently discourages investors and creditors in their decisions to invest or lend and leads to a decrease in stock returns. On the other hand, Audit quality is effective on stock returns through increasing the quality of financial statements and information transparency of business units. Also  abnormal audit fee as a measure of audit quality improve the quality and credibility of financial statements as one of the most important sources of information for users of financial statements and lead to reduces the intensity of the relationship between the entropy of financial statements and stock returns and this means that investors and creditors and other users of financial statements consider the auditor's fees to be caused by other factors (other than economic dependencies) and in their opinion, the company's information is a Good support for evaluating the stock price.

The current research aim is to trace the relation between probity of the paying unexpected audit fees and companies' financial reporting quality. For this purpose, the data of the 121 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected by the systematic elimination pattern was gathered along a time period of 2016 to 2021 and The research hypotheses were tested by using the multi-linear regression model on base of pooling data. Choi & et al. (2010) developed model is employed to assess unexpected audit fees and was gained of Barth & et al. (2001) for evaluation of financial reporting quality. The findings indicate there is a negative and meaningful relation between payment of unexpected audit fees and unsuitable financial reporting quality. upon to theoretical base of the research while the companies don't have suitable financial reporting quality they may try by more paying to the applied auditors to get their consent and issuing less adjusted auditor report. And this finding is in accordance with past finding of Lobo and Zoe (2013) which showed conditionally increment of the audit fee lead to decreasing the probity of the annual reports adjustment.Contribution: The present study's findings provide some invaluable concepts for Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants and other related bode about necessity of more effort to regularity of the auditors' attestation services pricing process.

Agency Theory and Signaling Theory, it reinforces the fact that honesty and accuracy have not been observed in the preparation of annual reports, this will lead to agency costs for companies. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of managers' explanatory reports in the relationship between the quality of financial reporting and abnormal audit fees and the effect of unusual fees on the quality of financial reporting in the Iranian Stock Exchange. This study examines research hypothesis by using the panel data of 118 accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2013-2018. The linear regression and Sobel test are also used to test hypothesis. The results of this study are in line with the opportunistic perspective and agency theory and audit fee pressure. Findings of this study show that motivation of managers for using positive tone in annual reports is increased when the quality of financial reports is low and that tone was directly related to the auditors' unusual pay. Moreover, managers’ reports tone can have the role of mediating in relation between financial reporting quality and abnormal audit fee. Finally, managers can’t use extraordinary audit fees as a tool to cover the low quality of financial reporting.

This study deals with the moderating effect of the auditor's gender on the relationship between audit quality and audit fees. The audit fee is effective for appropriate and high-quality planning and executing financial auditing. Studying the factors affecting audit fees, and the impact of audit quality and gender on it is important. In this regard, this study examines the moderating role of gender in the relationship between audit quality and fee.This research is an applied study based on the purpose, and it is descriptive research with an emphasis on the correlation. Moreover, the data collection method is the library, and Eviews was used for data analysis. In this study, the Multiple Linear Regression Model has been used to test the hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2014 to 2019 that 99 companies were selected as a sample. The results indicate that the quality of the audit has a positive and significant effect on the audit fee. The results also showed that the gender of the auditor as a moderating variable on the relationship between audit quality and audit fees in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange there is no significant relationship.

External auditors play an essential role in enhancing the quality of accounting information and reducing the information asymmetry problem between inside & outside stakeholders such as shareholders, creditors and managers. Audit fee is one of the most important indicators for assessing the audit quality. Audit fees consist of two components which are audit resource costs and risk premiums. Audit resource costs are related to the amount of audit efforts took in auditing and the risk premium is a compensation for risk taking. Under risk-oriented auditing, audit risk is that auditors are really concerned about. Audit risk model consists of three components which are inherent risk, control risk and detection risk. In addition, prior studies suggest that the relation between audit market competition and audit quality can be either positive or negative, depending on whether higher concentration results in decreased costs of telling the truth and thus increased audit efforts and audit fees. Numerous studies have examined the impact of audit risk and audit market competition on audit fees with mixed results. This paper analyzed the relation among audit risk, audit market competition environment & audit services fee. So, it investigated the impact of some features related to auditors on the pricing of audit services. The probability of 2nd type error is considered as a proxy of audit detection risk and audit market share is considered as a proxy of audit competition environment.

Statistical analyses include 131 firms which listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period 2013 to 2019. Research data includes 917 firm-year observations. Research hypotheses have assessed through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method.

According to the findings, there is meaningful and negative relation between audit services fees and 2nd type error as a proxy of audit detection risk. In addition, evidence indicated that there is meaningful and positive relation between audit services fees and audit market share as a proxy of audit competition environment. Other evidences documented that audit services fee is a direct function of auditor opinion, auditor reputation, audit complexity, audit committee independence, board leadership and loss, but it is an inverse function of auditor rotation, board independence, ownership concentration and leverage; however it is not a meaningful function of board activity.  

As a whole, research evidences suggested that some features related to auditors and some features related to clients rely on supply & demand based perspectives have an important role in determining the effective factors on audit fees. Detection risk results in the auditor's conclusion that no material errors are present where in fact there are. Evidences showed that there is an inverse relationship between detection risk and audit quality: if detection risk is high, lower the audit fee as a proxy of audit quality and if detection risk is low, generally increase the audit fee. Empirically, previous studies examining the association between audit market competition environment and audit quality provide mixed results. It is, therefore, important to understand the various relationships between audit market competition environment and audit quality to prevent regulatory intervention from producing potential unintended consequences. Findings documented that high level of audit market share lead to more the audit fee and low level of audit market share generally decrease the audit fee.

The present research seeks to determine the priorities of the managers of the organization and the audit firms in determining the audit fees and compare these views with regard to the conditions (monopoly or competitive) of each of them in the pricing of audit services. Be Based on the analysis of the content of theoretical literature and audit experts, 17 factors were identified as affecting the determination of audit fees. The statistical sample consists of 15 managers of audit organization and 15 managers of audit firms. The required data were collected by means of a paired comparison questionnaire and the verbal indices were extracted from the questionnaire to determine the factors affecting the audit fees paid from the perspective of the audit firm’s managers and other audit institutions by the Excel software. The basis of the fuzzy logic is made. After the phase-out phase, and the comparison of factors weights from both groups, 9 factors of 17 factors were identified as the most important factors influencing audit fees. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in determining the most important factors affecting audit fees, the weighting of the nine factors was different from the viewpoint of the two groups in determining audit fees. The 9 factors affecting the determination of audit fees are: the volume of operations, the complexity of the operation, the quality and effectiveness of the internal controls of the entity under investigation, the geographical distribution of the audit operation، the size of the unit reviewed, the initial audit، the employer’s risk, the characteristics of the auditor and Duration of the auditor’s responsibility in a registrar unit.

According to the Auditing Standards، the entity may attempt to disclosing financial and non-financial information about its operation، and the auditor is required to evaluate this information. Social responsibility performance is typically included in this regard، and the independent auditor should attention to such specific information in adequately assessing audit risk. The primary purpose of this academic paper is to promptly investigate the possible relationship between social responsibility disclosure and audit risk in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard، the content analysis method is used to measure social responsibility disclosure، and audit risk is calculated by the audit fees. To examine the hypotheses، Based on a sample of 93 firms data are gathered covering the period 2012–2019 applies ordinary least squares regression (OLS). We subsequently observe a direct association between social responsibility disclosure and audit risk. This relationship is confirmed in a sensitivity analysis employing panel methods with random effects as well as generalized least squares. Expanding the disclosure of social responsibility may end in the higher audit risk; hence، audit fees increase. This issue warns users of financial statements، including investors، that attention to not only the positive aspects of social responsibility disclosure in Iran forgetting social responsibility disclosure can be used as a mechanism to conceal poor performance.

Abnormally high or law audit fees are typically proxied by the residuals obtained from fee models. It is expected that the auditor’s independence would be questioned because of excessive and out of the norm fees. Abnormal audit fees are also negatively correlated with auditing quality, so the aime of this research is to examine the effect of audit fees on the quality of accounting information. The statistical population of this study, consists of companies accepted on Tehran Stock exchange. Using the systematic removal method, a number of 102 companies was chosen for the sampling and their information over 2011 to 2015, has been investigated. To do this research, multivariate regression method utilising panel data were used. The results show that in a short-term, fee residuals are negatively associated with accounting quality and with an aincrease in abnormal audit fees in the short term, the quality of accounting information are reduced.The results, also suggest that fee residuals are negatively associated with subsequent accounting quality in the long-term and with an increase in abnormal audit fees over a long-term period, the quality of accounting information would reduce.

This research analyzed the impact of institutional ownership concentration on the relation between board independence and audit services fees to distinguish between supply & demand based perspectives, and also misalignment effect & expropriation effect hypotheses.

Statistical analyses include 118 firms listed in the Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period 2013 to 2018; thereby, 708 firm-year observations have analyzed. Research hypotheses have investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data and generalized least squares method.

According to the results, there is a meaningful and positive relationship between board independence and audit services fees. In addition, there is a meaningful and negative relationship between institutional ownership concentration and audit services fees. Findings show that institutional ownership concentration has meaningful and negative impact on the relation between board independence and audit services fees. Also, these results confirmed at the high level of board independence and high level of ownership concentration. Other findings show that there is no relationship between auditor size and audit services fees. While firm size, debt ratio, receivables and inventories ratios, and audit opinion have a meaningful and positive relationship with audit services fees; but, current ratio and return on assets have meaningful and negative relationship with audit services fees.

The positive relationship between board independence and audit services fees is consistent with the demand based perspective of auditing services and complementary approach; also, the negative relationship between institutional ownership concentration and audit services fees is consistent with the supply based perspective of auditing services and substitutive approach. Based on the findings, the negative impact of institutional ownership concentration on the relationship between board independence and audit services fees is consistent with the expropriation effect hypothesis. As a whole, the research results can be useful for financial information users in determining the effective factors on audit fees.

The main purpose of the present research is to determine the relationship between unusual audit fees and accrual earnings management and the effective management of profits in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The period of five year research is based on the financial statements for the years 1392 to 1396. To test the hypothesis, the regression model and the combination data method are used. So, after applying the limitations in the research, a final sample of 88 companies was selected. In this research, Excel software has been used to classify the data. Also, after categorizing research data for data processing and performing estimates, Eviewes software was used. The results of the hypothesis test indicate a positive and significant relationship between unusual audit fees and accruals income management and actual profit management.

The phenomenon of investment cash-flow sensitivity is strongly affected by information asymmetry and agency conflict. The use of auditors to reduce such problems is therefore necessary because auditors make greater efforts to reduce the audit risks associated with the investment cash-flow sensitivity, which improves the audit quality, facilitates external financing, and reduces the investment cash-flow sensitivity. To achieve the study objectives, a total of 112 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2009-2016 were selected, and the study hypotheses were assessed using multivariate regression analysis with fixed effects. The results confirmed that the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange are sensitive to investment cash-flow, and ordinarynormal audit fees have a reducing effect on the level of investment cash-flow sensitivity, while higherabnormal audit fees increase the severity of investment cash-flow sensitivity. It is expected that auditors reduce the audit risk associated with investment cash-flow sensitivity by making extra efforts, and demand higher fees for their efforts. Therefore, by increasing the credibility of financial statements, the problem of information asymmetry and agency conflict will be reduced, and firms can easily use external financing. It is also possible that because of their financial dependence on the client, auditors will be reluctant to make the extra efforts to reduce the audit risk associated with investment cash-flow sensitivity. This intensifies information asymmetry and the agency conflict, and because of the poor audit quality, external financing will be costlier than internal financing, and investment cash-flow sensitivity will increase.

The present study examined the relationship between between the abnormal audit fees and re-presentation of the financial statements in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The studied population is included 132 companies during the financial period 2009-2013. This study consists of a hypothesis (there is a significant relationship between the abnormal audit fees and re-presentation of the financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in this year) which the abnormal audit fees is the independent variable and the re-presentation of the financial statements is the dependent variable. To investigate the correlation between the research variables, it is used the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient and the logit multivariate regression and the average difference test between two independent population (t-test) is also used to test the hypothesis of the research. In general, The results of the study hypothesis research, A high percentage of re-presentations in Iran due to the correction of accounting errors, which represents a significant lack of communication between audit and review fees unusual presentation of financial statements of listed companies on the Stock Exchange in Tehran.

The subject of the study is to investigate the stickiness behavior of audit fees in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1387 to 1391 years. After collecting of primary data, the data was analyzed by using of Excel and Eviews software. To examinethe relationships between variables are usedmultiple regressionsandto test the hypothesis are usedAndersonet al model. The resultsshow thataudit fees do not immediately adjust to the levels suggested by an audit fee model٫in other words, audit fees resist againstthe reductionsand they desire toincrease ٫thereforeit can beconsider"sticky". During thelongerperiods of time, thisstickiness isreduced, so thatwhenthe time periods areconsideredquadrennial, it isreversaled. Thisindicates that the auditmarket is competitiveduring themedium time period andauditors are not able tomaintaina pricingstrategyfor their servicesin themedium time period.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between negative abnormal audit fees and accruals estimation error of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. A proposed model by Allen et al (2013) and residual regression of audit fee standard model proposed by Fang et al (2014) respectivly were used to calculate the accruals estimation error and abnormal audit fees. A sample of 97 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1384-1391 was examined and Multivariate regression was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of study indicated a negative and significant relationship between negative abnormal audit fees and the Accruals estimation error, and between normal audit fees and accruals estimation error. Also, results showed a positive and significant relationship between abnormal audit fees and Accruals estimation error.

Awareness of the procedure of determining audit fees is of significance both for the client and the auditor. The amount of audit fees paid to the auditors can affect audit process in two ways: the more audit fees is allocated for the auditor، the more effort is put on the audit process by she/he، hence it increases the audit process and the audit process quality. However، the auditors will be dependent on their clients financially and lose their independence. Therefore، the problem stated in this research deals with the investors'' preception of abnormal audit fees and their reaction to them. Main objective of this paper is to survey the reaction of stock market to abnormal audit fees. for fulfilling the objectives of this study the post event research method is applied and for testing the hypothesis the data panel method has been employed. The research sample consists of 71 listed firms in Tehran Stock Market between the years 1385 to1389. Results of this research indicate that stock market react positively to abnormal audit fees. In other words، the investors tend to assume that abnormal audit fees incorporate more information into stock prices and this will enhance audit quality.