جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Discretionary Accruals » در نشریات گروه « حسابداری »

Audit quality is an important part of the information disclosure system that directly affects the quality of financial reporting. Considering that in practice, the audit process of a company is the responsibility of the audit team, and also, due to the small size and partner-oriented nature of most audit institutions in Iran, examining the characteristics of Individual partners are important as people who influence the quality of auditing. For this purpose, the diversity of the individual characteristics of the audit partners, including gender, level of education, work experience, and their tenure in the institution on three factors that determine the quality of the audit, including modified audit opinions, the restatement of annual financial reports and discretionary accruals were investigated. The statistical analysis of the research was carried out based on the data extracted from 119 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange, from 2017 to 2022; Also, to test the research hypotheses, multivariate regression was used. Based on the findings of this research, the diversity of the individual characteristics of the partners of audit institutions has a negative and significant effect on the modified audit opinions, the restatement of annual financial reports, and discretionary accruals. Also, in general, the diversity of the characteristics of audit institutions' partners has a positive (negative) and significant effect on the (lack of) audit quality.

In recent years, the issue of the position of senior CFOs due to their increasing responsibility regarding monitoring financial reporting and corporate governance systems, has attracted the attention of many researchers and experts. Considering the position and strategic position of CFOs in the economic and financial decisions of the company, it is necessary to understand their role and position in the company's financial reporting process. Therefore, the current research has investigated the relationship between some characteristics of senior CFOs, including their gender, tenure, and audit history with the quality of financial reporting. To measure the quality of financial reporting, was used the optional accruals index (Kasznik model); Also, CFOs in this research mean the highest financial authority of the company. Using a sample of 135 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2021 and using a multiple regression model to analyze the data, the research results show that the increase in tenure and the presence of women as CFO in the company causes reduces the quality of financial reporting. Also, the results of the research regarding the negative impact of CFOs with audit experience on the quality of financial reporting do not have the necessary significance. In total, the obtained evidence shows the significant role of CFOs in the structure of corporate governance and financial reporting, which indicates the need for legislators to pay special attention to this position.

Narcissistic managers with characteristics such as desire for fame and power seeking to protect their interests have the necessary motivation to be effective on the relationship between discretionary accruals and credit rating and, as a result, change the credit rating of companies to their desired rating. The statistical sample of the current research includes 113 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and 17 companies listed on the Iranian Foreign Exchange in the period of 2011-2021. The data of the study was collected by referring to the Kodal website, the website of the Iranian Statistics Center and Rahvard Novin software. Hypotheses were tested through multivariate regression models and generalized least squares approach using EViews version 12 software. The results of the statistical test of research hypotheses confirm that discretionary accruals have a positive and significant effect on the credit rating of economic units. That is, with the increase of discretionary accrual items, the credit rating of economic units increases. Also, the findings of the research indicate that there is a moderating effect of managers' narcissism with three indicators of the size of managers' signatures, managers' cash bonus and managers' photo in the relationship between discretionary accruals and the credit rating of economic units. In other words, managers' narcissism based on the indicators of the size of managers' signatures, managers' cash bonus and managers' photos strengthens the positive relationship between discretionary accruals and credit rating. Based on these results, credit rating agencies are suggested to pay more attention to the narcissistic factors of managers and discretionary accruals in the credit rating process of economic units.

This study aims to investigate how a change in the accounting method of calculating bank loan loss provisions affects financial reporting quality of banks. In doing so, the current theoretical literature on the topic of the research has been described and the conflicting arguments in the previous research have been expressed. Subsequently, using the transfer matrix method, loan loss reserves have been calculated for a sample of 17 banks, assuming that the method approved by international accounting standards (expected credit loss model) has been applied. Then, the research variables’ data, spanning from 2017 to 2021, was collected and analyzed under two assumptions: employing the current method and using the expected credit loss model. Then, the research hypothesis was tested using the least squares method. The results of the research show that the relationship between the change in the reporting system and discretionary accruals as an indicator of the financial reporting quality is negative and significant. Therefore, a change in the current accounting methods used for the calculation of loan loss reserves causes reduction in discretionary accruals and improvement of financial reporting quality. On the other hand, the results of this research show that large banks are more interested in using discretionary accruals and applying profit management than small banks, which can be caused by the "political costs theory".

In this thesis, we investigate that how the “Economic Uncertainty” affects reporting and managing accounting earnings, which is one of the most important features of managers’ decision making. The investigated Data set consists of Earnings Management and Economic Uncertainty indexes of about 163 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2010 to 2017 (1141 firm-year), which are gathered in Balanced Panel structure and are estimated and analyzed with linear multi-variable regression. “Economic Uncertainty” and “Earnings Management” are calculated accordingly, based on the standard deviation of earnings per share and modified Jones model. we found a positive and statistically important relationship between Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management in Iran. On the other hand, in Iran, in case of increasing standard deviation of earnings per share, managers use Earnings Management more to control undesirable earnings variation, and in reverse, in case of decreasing standard deviation of earnings per share, they fewer use Earnings Management.

The main purpose of this study is to examine empirically and determine the effect of prospective business strategy on audit quality in the context of competition theory and risk-based audit theory. The statistical population of the present study is Tehran Stock Exchange. 75 companies were selected as sample of the study from 2010 to 2019. Multivariate linear least squares (LS) method with Fixed- effects panel approach was used for statistical analysis. To measure audit quality, the discretionary accruals criterion based on the models of Kothari et al. (2005), Jones (1991), Sloan et al. (1995) and Kasznik (1999) is used. The findings of the research data analysis show that the artificial variable of prospective business strategy is positively and significantly correlated with discretionary accruals criteria. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the quality of auditing of financial statements is lower for companies with prospective business strategies than for other companies. The findings and results of the present study provide, for the first time, evidence on the empirical relationship between firm's business strategy and audit quality. Therefore, the findings of the present study can be used in the context of legislation in the audit profession.

The quality of financial reports and reported profits is very important for investors, legislators, researchers, etc. On the other hand, company managers use a variety of profit management methods to increase the stock price and maintain a high stock value. In general, some managers have enough incentives for a high valuation of the company's shares. In this way, one of the methods that can be applied to prevent the decrease in stock prices is the use of discretionary accruals. In this regard, agency costs are considered one of the determining factors of accruals in companies, and the ownership structure affects the levels of agency costs, also. Based on this, in current research, the effect of the ownership structure on the magnitude of discretionary accruals in companies with high valuations has been investigated. For this purpose, the data of 160 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010 to 2019 have been collected. The research results show that there is a direct relationship between the high valuation of the company and the magnitude of discretionary accruals. Also, the results show that the magnitude of discretionary accruals increases in the initial periods of high valuation and decreases in the following periods. In addition, managers of state-owned companies do not have the necessary motivation to use discretionary accruals in line with the company's high valuation. In short, the results of this research help to understand the effect of the ownership structure on the reporting behavior of managers in the Iranian capital market.

This study seeks to discover the effect of Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) implementation on Earnings quality. Earnings quality was measured based on the absolute value of discretionary accruals, which is the inverse measure of earnings quality. Discretionary accruals can be divided into short-term and long-term discretionary accruals, so this study examines ERP implementation effects on which part of the discretionary accruals.The study then seeks to examine whether the impact of ERP implementation on earnings quality improves in later years, for example, two years after implementation.  

To test the research hypotheses, the information of 117 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been used and the effect of ERP implementing on earning quality in the years 2006 to 2018 in these companies was investigated. Year of implementation of ERP systems is the year in which financial modules are implemented. Hypothesis models of this research were tested using panel data and OLS regression. The Jones model was used to measure the absolute value of discretionary accruals and the Whelan model was used to calculate short-term and long-term discretionary accruals.  

The results of the first hypothesis test showed that ERP implementation had a negative and significant relationship with discretionary accruals and since the absolute value of discretionary accruals is an inverse measure of earnings quality, then ERP implementation has a positive and significant relationship with earnings quality. The second hypothesis test also confirmed that ERP implementation had a negative significant relationship with short-term discretionary accruals. But testing the third hypothesis did not confirm the significant relationship between ERP implementation and long-term discretionary accruals. Test of Fourth Hypothesis showed that the average of discretionary accruals decrease significantly two years after the ERP implementation compared to the two years before.  

The results of the tests generally showed that the implementation of ERP systems improves the earnings quality and its effect on working capital accounts, current assets and liabilities is more evident because it reflects short-term accruals. The effect of ERP implementation on short-term discretionary accruals is quite obvious and reduces the absolute value of short-term discretionary accruals significantly. But this study failed to show that the implementation of ERP systems has an impact on long-term discretionary accruals. The study also showed that the improvements made after the implementation of ERP and its positive impact on earnings quality become even more obvious on two or three years after the implementation of the ERP system The reason for this is that ERP implementation is very important in the correct collection of information, control of access level and entry of information as a process in the whole organization.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of comparability of financial statements on the quality of financial reporting and voluntary accruals in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Comparability makes managers aware of competing companies, industry trends and economic conditions as well as their impact on the company, leading to an increase in the quantity and quality of information about a company in the industryMethods Statistical population for collecting variables is listed companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2010 but in the period between 2011-2018 which among 80 stock companies in total systematically sampled Statistically selected. Multivariate regression with combined data was used to test the hypotheses. For the purpose of the research, Di Franco et al. (2011) model was used to calculate the comparability variable and the model of Francis et al. (2005) was used to calculate the quality of reporting.Results The findings of the study indicate that comparability leads to an increase in the quality of financial statements, thus confirming the first hypothesis of the study. The results of the second hypothesis test show that voluntary accruals have a direct impact on stock returns, but investors do not pay attention to voluntary accruals when compared and have no effect on their investment and stock returns.Conclusion Since comparability leads to increased quality of financial statements, therefore, users of financial statements are advised to pay more attention to comparability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between financial reporting quality indicators and growth returns and value stocks experimentally. The quality of financial reporting is measured using four criteria: quality of accruals, accuracy of financial information, discretionary accruals and discretionary income and stocks are divided into growth and value using the return on assets. Also, company size, leverage ratio and equity return as control variables were included in the research model. The research sample includes 120 companies in the period from 2011 to 2018. The results obtained using logistic regression indicate that All four criteria of financial reporting quality including the quality of accruals, accuracy of financial information, discretionary accruals and discretionary earnings have a significant relationship with growth and value of stock returns. In a way that with the increase in the quality of financial reporting, the stock returns of companies have been driven to growth.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the effect of accounting information quality on corporate equity cost and to investigate the moderating role of information asymmetry and the simultaneous moderating role of this variable and the comparability of financial statements in this context. The research timeframe for this period is 5 years from the beginning of 2013 until the end of 2017 and the sample includes 91 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Multivariate regression was used for statistical analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that the quality of accounting information has an adverse effect on equity cost, so that the higher the quality of accounting information, the lower the cost of equity; and vice versa. Also, information asymmetry has a direct relationship with this effect. But the simultaneous impact of comparability of financial statements and information asymmetry on the impact of accounting information quality on equity costs is not confirmed. The results of the first two hypotheses are similar to those of Emof et al. (2018), which examined the effect of accounting information quality on equity cost in the United States, but the third hypothesis suggests that it is inconsistent.

The present study examines the impact of Concentration on Customer on earnings management in terms of the presence of major customers in the company. Suppliers with major customers will need to hold higher cash inflows because of the high risk of losing major customers. Companies can increase their cash flows through various instruments such as debt issuance and external financing, non-payment of dividends, and manipulation of earnings items. The results obtained in this study confirm these statements. In the context of the empirical test, 140 of the selected companies were screened using the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2011 to 2016. To test the hypothesis of the research, has been used multiple regression model using combination data. The results supported of the negative impact of Concentration on Customer on accruals earnings management. Also, the results showed that Concentration on Customer on real earnings management had a negative effect. The present research can lead to a more accurate understanding of the role of the major customers of the company in earnings management and show how Concentration on major Customer affects corporate earnings management.

Choosing between accounting-based information or market-based information to predict corporate bankruptcy is one of the topics discussed in financial accounting research. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of the models based on accounting information and market information and also the combined model obtained from them; Since information loading can be an effective factor in using any of the bankruptcy prediction approaches, in this study the relationship of factors affecting information loading (company size, company stock trading volume, discretionary accruals, information asymmetry and Crisis) with each of the bankruptcy approaches examined. The statistical population of the study includes companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the period from 1388 to 1397, which were selected using the targeted sampling method of 95 companies. EVIEWS software and Logit regression method were used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of the study showed that all three approaches were effective in predicting bankruptcy, among which the integrated approach with factor loads is of higher importance. The results also showed that among the operating loads, trading volume and discretionary accruals are effective in predicting corporate bankruptcy and choosing the right approach.

The financial crisis is not a new phenomenon in the world.the structure of an economy or group of economics may encounter with financial crisis. Considering that financial crisis subject is one of the most important subjects in the economics world, thus purpose of this research is to study the value information of earnings componets in Global financial crisis period in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchang.This research time zone is from the year 2013 to 2017 and totally 126 companies will be studied.The upcominy research aim is practical and it is method is descriptive-solidarity in this research; linear regression model is used in order to test the hypothesis statistical a method which is used in this research is panel data method.The hypothesis test results shows that value of information is related to discretionary accruals and operation cash flow was different and less I financial crisis period in companison with previous period.Although according to the results, a significant difference between non-discretionary accruals value information in Global financial period and previous was not observed.