جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

A road map shows the layout of existing or possible routes and roads in a specific geographical location. A strategic roadmap is a visual tool of what the organization needs to do to succeed in achieving its long-term goals. Roadmap is a method of process planning in the form of step-by-step and layer-by-layer in the context of time and oriented towards the future. This research seeks to identify and prioritize effective criteria and strategies on the road map of defense logistics research centers.

 This Research is practical ,exploratory and quantitative in terms of purpose, nature ,method& type of data. The statistical population includes experts in the field of strategic management and roadmap. Identification and prioritization of strategies and criteria was done by 12 experts who were selected as snowballs. The method of data collection was in the form of library, field, and the use of experts' opinion and collection tools were researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked and confirmed through face validity and inconsistency rate, respectively. The softwares used are Excel and the software of expert choice.

The most important criterion of the roadmap of research centers is human capital; The most important strategy is the strategy of applying and implementing research findings and specialized knowledge in the units; And the most important selected criterion is financial resources.

Based on the results of priority criteria, strategies and relative and overall priority of strategies and guidelines and suggestions, it is possible to compile and present the road map of defense logistics research centers.

Iran has seen significant growth in the amount and number of financing methods over the past few years. However, no significant research has been conducted on the differences in methods related to the financing chain of technology and knowledge-based units in the Iranian ecosystem. For this purpose, the present research has been carried out with the aim of developing a suitable model of financing methods and ranking its criteria in Iran. This study is a mixed-exploratoryinvestigation in terms of its nature and practical in terms of purpose. In the first step, semi-structured interviews with science and technology parks were conducted in order to identify the existing structures for attracting financial resources, and in the next step, using the hierarchical analysis process, these methods were ranked. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed among entrepreneurs and experts who were active in the field of financing in 2021, and the obtained data were analyzed and the weight of each method was determined. The results support the main proposition that among the factors related to financing tools, smart money and future growth and development have the greatest impact on decision making. Also, entrepreneurs in Iran use facilities with hard commitments and supportive rates, and facilities with soft commitment and market rates as the first and second priority sources of financing. In addition, Equity-based financing has the lowest priority for financing.

AbstractIn today's global competition, choosing suppliers, increasing relationships with suppliers, and developing collaborative and sustainable relationships with them to reduce costs and increase flexibility against market changes is necessary and difficult. The present study aims to design a model for ranking suppliers and allocating the optimal number of purchases of sugar beet from the suppliers. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists in the field of supplier selection at Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company whose number is about 10 people based on proficiency, authority, and skills. The research method of this study is quantitative based on nature, and applicable based on purpose. In this research, to identify the basic criteria for the selection of suppliers, theoretical literature and experts' opinions have been used, and the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to rank suppliers. In addition, to allocate the optimal order amount to each of the suppliers, the integration of the Goal Programming model with the Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used. The results of this research show that how Torbat-e Heydarieh Sugar Company can allocate optimal order amount to any of the suppliers by prioritizing them and also by examining the different parameters, according to the capacity of suppliers, and determine how the studied companies purchase their desired raw materials from suppliers to achieve the desired relative and strategic advantage.ExtendedIntroductionThe issue of supplier evaluation and achieving sustainability in the supply chain is one of the important components of supply chain management because suppliers play an important role in creating sustainability in the supply chain, which means achieving social, environmental, and economic goals and ultimately the success of the company. As much as the selection of suitable suppliers is effective in reducing costs and increasing the competitiveness of companies, the selection of inappropriate suppliers can also degrade the financial and operational position of companies (Baroto et al., 2022; Soheilifar and Falah Lajimi, 2019). The process of selecting suppliers is the most important factor in the effective management of the modern supply chain network because it helps in achieving high-quality products and customer satisfaction. Also, the performance of the supplier plays a key role in price, quality, delivery, and service in achieving the goals of the chain (Mohammed  et al., 2021; Tavakolian et al., 2020).Currently, the way to supply raw materials and evaluate suppliers in the supply chain is one of the challenges that organizations face for more profitability. Because of the ever-increasing number of suppliers due to the creation of competitive conditions, organizations need to develop a suitable methodology for evaluating and selecting suppliers as well as evaluating their performance to successfully reduce costs and increase the quality of services and products (Rashidi Komijan and Masoudifar, 2021).On the other hand; if the supplier cannot deliver the orders on time and with the required quality and reliability, issues and problems will arise in meeting the demand of the seller's customers and ultimately lead to customer dissatisfaction (Ha & Krishnan, 2008). A supplier that fails to deliver a guaranteed and sufficient product to the seller on time will result in customer loss (Gupta & Barua, 2017). Therefore, choosing a supplier is of considerable importance. During the process of choosing a supplier, especially in a competitive environment, it is very important to buy from a supplier who can meet the most criteria such as material quality, on-time delivery, etc. The current research aims to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach for selecting and ranking effective factors and providing a model for the best purchasing situation using the Goal Programming method, which initially identifies the effective criteria for the evaluation and selection of suppliers and the desired criteria using the hierarchical analysis method, then the important suppliers of Tarbat-e Haidarieh Sugar Company have been ranked and finally, the optimal amount of purchase from suppliers has been allocated using the AHP-GP mixed model.Theoretical frameworkRashidi Komijan and Masoudifar (2021) in a research titled "Mathematical model for evaluating suppliers and purchasing spare parts" showed that determining the group for each part according to the two dimensions of supply risk and criticality of the part is a suitable management tool for equipment supply management, and the use of the zero and one planning model is a suitable method for allocating orders in the field of spare parts, and the structure and components of the objective function and restrictions can be changed according to the type of organization.Firouzi & Jadidi (2021), in research entitled "Multi-objective model for supplier selection and order allocation problem through fuzzy parameters", presented a fuzzy multi-objective model for the supplier selection problem and have created a weight additive function to convert the fuzzy multi-objective model into a single objective fuzzy model that can effectively consider the preferences of decision-makers. Then, a separation method was used to solve the single-objective model with fuzzy parameters (Firouzi & Jadidi ,2021).Naqvi & Hassanzadeh Amin (2021) have written an article titled "Supplier selection and order allocation: a literature review." In this research, the articles conducted in the field of supplier selection have been reviewed, and the scope of the problem has been examined in three subcategories, including literature models, deterministic optimization models, and uncertain optimization models.MethodologyThis research is applied based on the purpose, and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of research. Data collection has been done through interviews and distribution of questionnaires among senior and middle managers and experts involved in the purchase of beet sugar of Torbat-Haidarieh sugar factory. Also, through library studies and the use of references and sources related to the topic, the materials and topics related to the discussion have been extracted and used in the present research. The aim of this study is to provide a multi-stage and consistent approach to select the effective factors, rank them, and then provide a model for the best purchase situation using the Goal Programming method. This methodology can be divided into two main phases: the first phase includes the determination of quantitative and qualitative criteria and the use of an Analytic Hierarchy Process to weigh the criteria and options, and the second phase includes the identification of goal and systemic limitations and combining the results of the first phase with the Goal Programming method to allocate the optimal order amount to each supplier. The softwares used in this research were Expert Choice and Lindo 6.01.Discussion and ResultsThe purpose of this research is to provide a framework for the analysis and selection of suppliers of raw materials for Torbat-Haidaryeh Sugar Joint Stock Company. Therefore, this research provides a framework that determines the optimal combination of suppliers according to multiple quantitative and qualitative goals and takes into account system limitations so that the maximum possible value is achieved according to the opinions of experts and specialists of the company. One of the features of this research and the combined model is the possibility of considering the weight of decision-makers. This is important because the decision-making committee may include different members, each of whom has different positions in the organization. By accepting the assumption that different positions are the result of knowledge, experience, work records, etc., the executive director as the person in charge of the decision-making committee can compare the members of the committee in pairs, and finally, the weight of the decision-makers is obtained by calculating the special vector of the matrix. Then the next calculations will be influenced by the weight of the decision-makers. In this study, the factors influencing the selection of suppliers were first identified using literature and experts' opinions. Then these criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using the AHP method. After that, each of the suppliers was rated for each criterion and also for all sub-criteria. In the next step, using the Goal Programming method, the optimal amount of order allocation to each supplier was determined, and according to the results of the research, the largest amount of purchase allocation should be made from Razavi Agricultural Company; Islamabad and Khezri Agricultural Company in the second place, and Marghzar Farmers’ Cooperative Company were ranked third according to the number of orders. Among the other advantages of this model, it can be mentioned that this model includes multiple criteria (quantitative and qualitative) such as grade, quality, timely delivery, etc. in the evaluation and selection of suppliers so that the optimal value according to the Goal limitations is allocated to selected suppliers.ConclusionAccording to the results of this research, at first, the effective components on the evaluation of suppliers were extracted based on the opinion of experts and theoretical foundations. After that, these components were prioritized. After prioritizing these components, all suppliers were evaluated based on these components. Finally, after prioritizing the suppliers based on these components, the optimal allocation of orders from suppliers was determined for each supplier. Among the evaluation components, shipping cost is one of the factors influencing the order (Gergi̇n et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2018; Adalı & Işık, 2017) and most companies are formed near raw materials to bear the least excess cost. (Khan et al., 2016). Also, companies are generally looking for suppliers who can be more compatible with these companies in terms of conditions (Hadian et al., 2020; Gergi̇n et al., 2021), but in some situations, such as the lack of primary goods and the presence of strong competitors, the supplier gets a higher bargaining power and in this situation, the company has to adapt reluctantly to the supplier's conditions (Mohammed et al., 2021). In this situation, companies may have financial requests in the implementation of the contract (Öztürk & Paksoy, 2020). The more financially powerful the suppliers are and the more they can supply, the more they can change the conditions in their favor. On the other hand, the fewer competing companies in the market, the more companies can choose their suppliers with better conditions (Taherdoost and Brard, 2019). Governments can push companies to buy more products from suppliers by giving subsidies. However, companies tend to buy from suppliers with higher quality products (Rezaei et al., 2014; Adalı & Işık, 2017).The higher the quality of the products, the more companies look for the products of these suppliers (Fei et al., 2019). On the other hand, one of the most important factors for sugar beet companies is the grade of this product, and the companies have understood very well that products with higher grades lead to more profit for these companies; therefore, they are looking for buying quality products with suitable quality. Reassuring factors are among the factors that are of great importance in the process of supplier evaluation and selection. Suppliers whose delivery is fast and on time are more important for companies (Jain et al., 2018; Arabsheybani et al., 2018); because if the delivery time is inappropriate, it may cause problems for the company's production. In addition, suppliers who have stable delivery guarantee the future of the company's production (Hadian et al., 2020), and these suppliers are considered strategic partners of the company and are generally much easier adapt with the Companies' conditions to conclude a contract (Szmelter-Jarosz, 2020).The company should support its loyal suppliers and not leave them alone in critical situations, and the contract between the two should be designed in such a way that the risk is shared between the supplier and the company to create confidence on both sides of the transaction (kabgani & shahbandarzadeh, 2019; Junior et al., 2014). Due to the fact that in this research, the mentioned cases have been investigated, therefore, this research is in accordance with the research conducted in terms of using the mentioned variables. In this section, according to the results of the research and in line with expanding the scope of the dynamic problem of supplier selection and order amount allocation, it is suggested that from now on, using the results of this research, the selection of suppliers in this company to be done every year by systematically and scientifically collecting the information required by the models, and establish a marketing strategy related to the suppliers who have obtained high ranks in this research. Also, considering that the conclusion of the initial contract is the responsibility of the company's inspectors; a list of factors affecting the selection of suppliers based on the set priorities has been provided to each of the inspectors to identify the suppliers based on it and proceed to the final negotiations. After the ranking, it was found that the sugar beet quality criterion has a very important priority among the factors. Therefore, it is suggested that sugar production companies use the quality determination device (Betalyzer) to determine the quality of beet sugar.

Pensions are one of the pillars of social protection and therefore maintaining the financial stability of them is a challenge for the future. Although the investment of funds can significantly contribute to the financial sustainability of these systems, the problem is how they are invested and The importance of this issue has led countries and international organizations to establish study groups to study the issue of investing in social security funds. Therefore, this study provides a favorable model for investing of the Armed Forces Pension Fund in the Islamic Republic of Iran's financial markets, and due to the sensitivity of access to information in the military field, the factors affecting the investment of pension funds in the country's financial market were extracted by content analysis method and a focus group consisting of 10 experts who had at least five years of financial experience and investment in the country's financial market were examined. Finally, by prioritizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and forming a pairwise comparison matrix, we prioritized the identified factors. The results showed that favorable investment in the country's financial market will begin with the structural reforms of the fund, and in the meantime, maintaining the financial stability of the fund will be the most important factor affecting the model. Priority of the main factors affecting the fund's investment have been factors related to the structure of the fund, factors related to fund management, macro factors, laws and regulations, and finally factors related to the country's financial market, respectively.

Improving the ability of agility is very effective in improving the sustainability of the supply chain. Among the factors related to agility, there are several cases; which are related to customer sensitivity. Customer sensitivity is one of the agility dimensions of a supply chain; From this point of view, various definitions can be provided for this type of supply chain. The main goal of this research is to identify and discover the position of factors related to customer sensitivity in the supply chain of companies. Data is needed for this research; which are collected through interviews and distribution of paired questionnaires. Hierarchical analysis process was used to analyze the data in this research. This method is one of the common and widely used multi-criteria decision making methods; which allows us to determine the importance of each of the characteristics of customer sensitivity in an agile supply chain. In this research, we found that there are three levels in the hierarchy of the issue with the aim of creating an agile supply chain. The results showed that in the agile supply chain, speed is the most important ability, customer sensitivity is the most important enabler, and customer-oriented production is the most important feature. This result leads to the decision that addressing the characteristics related to the customer and the market accelerates things in the supply chain, and also paying attention to high-ranking characteristics in the discussion of customer sensitivity by decision makers in the field of the supply chain increases the agility of the chain. It guarantees in advance.

Today, computer equipment is one of the most important assets of any organization, and its maintenance is very important. Considering that process management is one of the ways to investigate the current situation of the organization and pave the way for its improvement and modification, the present study aimed to manage the maintenance processes of computer systems at the Yazd University, which were carried out with a multilateral view. It has tried to identify gaps and deficiencies in the process of maintenance of these equipment. For this purpose, first, the university's IT department was compared with other similar organizations and the processes related to the maintenance and repair of computer equipment were documented. Then, the nine-month data on equipment failure reporting was extracted to inform the process of failures, to investigate the relationships between them, as well as to help re-engineer the processes. The data was analyzed using data analysis techniques. Finally, considering the existing problems and also the framework for classification of the maintenance processes of the educational unit, practical solutions appropriate to the university conditions are determined through surveys of experts and analytical hierarchy process (AHP).

There are various systems for ranking universities at the national and international levels which measure universities by different indicators and show their strengths and weaknesses compared to other universities. But the ranking system of the country's universities, which is based on national and international conditions, is more important than ever. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to design a model for a comparative study and ranking of universities in the country. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is quantitative-qualitative in terms of type. The study population consists of experienced people involved in the development planning of universities in the country. To determine the sample size, the theoretical impregnation method was used. In this research, first, the necessary information for theoretical discussions was collected through deep study and review of related documents including the published scientific resources,  Then, using the content analysis method, criteria and indicators of university assessment were collected, and finally, the task of determining criteria weights and indicators was done by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method based on expert opinions. Finally, the model was presented to evaluate and rank the universities of Iran. According to the results of this research, seven criteria and 33 concepts were obtained, which, in the end, according to the weights criteria the ranks were rated. The following rankings are related to the quality of research, international credit, social and cultural credibility, the degree of innovation and financial efficiency, the rate of training of experts, and facilities.

In a general classification, agility can fit under two aspects: physical and  mental. Previous related literature and studies signify that the concept of “mental agility” has not yet received serious attention of the scholars and researchers in management and organizational behavior, despite its high impression on organizations’ agility and productivity. Thus, this study aims to identify and determine the importance of effective indicators of mental agility in military organizations. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. First, initial indicators have been identified by documentary and library studies; Second, they were summarized and classified through interviews and expert meetings; Then obtained indicators were refined and improved by Fuzzy Delphi method.  Finally, the importance and weight of the indicators were calculated via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Therefore, this study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of method is descriptive-survey. At the end, eleven effective indicators in mental agility of military organizations are identified and ranked in two areas of “mental agility of staff” and “mental agility of organization”.

In this article, the results of the examination of the policy entrepreneurs’ motivations through a combination of Delphi strategies and analytic hierarchy process are given. Research method of the study was descriptive-survey, and the selection of experts was done through judgmental sampling. Based on the Delphi findings, the participating experts deemed 21 motivations effective on the manifestation of entrepreneurial behaviors in the public policymaking arena in Iran. Moreover, according to the analytic hierarchy process results, spiritual, doctrinal, and ideological (i.e., sublime) motivations, professional motivations, and individual motivations have been effective on motivating policymaking entrepreneurs in the public policymaking arena. Furthermore, throughout the system, “the policy entrepreneurs’ perception of God as the only real source of power as well as the importance of conscience” has had the highest effect and “professional progression, promotion, and administrative power” and “excessive self-esteem” have the least effect on motivating the policy entrepreneurs.

One of the most important issues that is always considered by the responsible organizations in risk and crisis management is choosing a suitable place for temporary Housing of the population affected by Disaster. In Iran, Site selection for Housing can work better after a Disaster. Obviously, non-compliance with the location may lead to another catastrophe, even worse than the initial Disaster. The purpose of this study is to identify suitable spaces for setting up temporary Housing centers before the occurrence of Disaster in the District Two of Tehran.                           

This Study  is a mix Method research by using descriptive-analytic method; according to necessities of the research is a combination of reviewing specialized texts, Field observation and spatial analysis were performed using the technique of analysis hierarchical Process, using ArcMap and ExpertChoice software. Finally, the data are analyzed and suitable Site for temporary Housing centers are introduced .                       

After conducting the research process, it was determined that the eastern, southeastern and southern regions of the study area have better and more favorable conditions for the construction of temporary housing centers. Based on the review of the research results and the extracted map as well as the field study, suitable places for setting up temporary accommodation centers at the time of accidents include: Iran Zamin Park, open areas around Milad Hospital, Goftogo Park, Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization, Javid Park, Tarasht Park and Tarasht Martyrs Sports Complex; existent.  

In general, in case of any crisis in cities, the issue of setting up temporary housing centers will be very important. The results of the study show that the criteria of access, open spaces (parks) and distance from the fault are the main and determining criteria in choosing a suitable place for temporary housing.It is also found that suitable areas for temporary Housing centers in the study area, mostly include the use of parks and empty spaces and stadiums.

In recent years, due to the lack of large and suitable spaces for the construction of a new fuel station, for the first time in the country, the first phase of the linear fueling station a the Isfahan metropolis has been implemented. Before entering the implementation of the second phase of the project and also the extension of the stations to other metropolises of country, the evaluation of linear fueling stations especially in terms of landuse quality (matrices of compatibility, desirability, capacity and dependence) is very important. In this regard, in this research library and field methods have been used to collect data. In addition, a combination of fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to analyze the status of linear fueling stations. The results show that in general, 34% of all linear gas stations in Isfahan are in a relatively unsuitable location and 20% of them are in average condition in terms of qualitative evaluation of the landuse. The general suggestions of this research are to pay attention to providing the necessary infrastructure for the construction of linear gas stations, eliminating the shortcomings of existing linear stations and conducting integrated transportation and land use studies before the implementation of the second phase of the project.

Designing a Model for Forecasting Product Life Cycle with Thermodynamics ApproachAbstractThe aim of this study is to integrate marketing models and create a model for hierarchical marketing activities to identify the different levels of activities required in the various stages of the product life cycle. In this study, in order to explain the phenomenon of product life cycle, mixed marketing activities have been used as a factor in changing the quality of entropy. In this study, ceramic tiles have been selected as the desired product to examine the validity of experimental theories. Brand, sales and marketing managers of 3 ceramic tile companies were asked to answer the questions. Through hierarchical analysis and simulation processes, simulations are simulated that show that if more mixed marketing activities are used, the product life will be longer and the sales volume will be higher.

Relationship quality is recognized as the key concept of buyer-supplier relationships in the supply chain. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the buyer-supplier relationship quality and prioritize its components.

Using a Meta-Synthesis Method, existing research on the buyer-supplier relationship quality from 1998 to the spring of 2020 was collected using relevant search terms. Then, due to the title, inclusion criteria, abstract, exclusion criteria and critical appraisal skills program checklist, irrelevant articles were removed and final articles were selected. By coding and synthesizing the findings of selected articles in MAXQDA, key components and categories of relationship quality were identified. Finally, by using an analytic hierarchy process, the components of relationship quality were prioritized by gathering the opinions of industry and academic experts and using Expert Choice software.

According to the research findings, the buyer-supplier relationship quality consists of three dimensions: social, technical and relational. The social dimension includes trust, commitment and satisfaction. The technical dimension consists of cooperation, knowledge management and adaptation, and the relational dimension includes interaction and the nature of the relationship.

The results show that trust is the most important component of relationship quality and then, respectively, cooperation, interaction, commitment, satisfaction, knowledge management, adaptation and the nature of the relationship are recognized as the most important components of relationship quality. In order to improve the quality of their relationship and get its benefits, the parties to the relationship should focus on strengthening and upgrading the mentioned components.

Performance-based budgeting is an integral part of government organizations, whose goal is to achieve more efficient and effective implementation than management and performance budgeting in line with public duties, higher quality of public services, reduction of government and staff costs. is. It is necessary to reform the budget process towards performance-based budgeting, selecting software based on strategic planning, measuring performance and aligning with the long-term goals of the organization. Performance-based budgeting software is one of the few rare softwares in the country, so the lack of effective criteria in choosing software makes it difficult for government agencies to waste a huge amount of money. Therefore, the need to develop and successfully implement criteria in this system can improve the efficiency of the organization, manage effective budget expenditures and make it a competitive advantage for the organization by providing a basic for better software selection. This article, by studying the subject literature and software evaluation, the effective criteria for the performance-based budgeting software system with a qualitative-quantitative approach in the form of descriptive-applied research and the participation of several experts in the process of determining the criteria, 11 main criteria and 46 indicators were extracted. A conceptual model has been proposed using fuzzy dematel technique and hierarchical analysis to identify, rank, measure the importance and effectiveness of software criteria. The results indicate that the criteria for producing software, budget, security, and budget and performance reporting are of the importance and have the highest impact on other criteria. Therefore, in order to make optimal decisions and help managers and organizations in order to improve performance, special attention should be paid to these criteria.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and rank business alignment challenges with Information Technology: a strategy for strategic alignment. Statistical population consisted of ten managers and experts of South Steel Company regarding strategic planning and information technologies. A paired comparisons questionnaire was used to collect and to gathering the data, which included six business alignment challenges with information technology (IT) . Hierarchical analysis process was used to analyze the data. The results showed that lack of facilities for performing activities of relative weight (0.308), Lack of board support and relative weight (0.254), Lack of a separate unit for enterprise-wide planning with relative weight (0.163), Lack of appropriate Information Technology (IT) skills and strategies with relative weight (0.134). Failure to evaluate organization readiness with relative weight (0.081). And not using information technology (IT) to gain strategic competitive advantage with a relative weight (.053) ranks first to sixth.

Geotourism which is one of the tourism branches is economically profitable industry. Economic balance between the different areas, protection of natural heritage, preventing environmental degradation, creating job opportunities, improving the quality of cultural perspectives could be considered as positive consequences in the planning of this type of tourism. The purpose of this research is to investigate the geotourism potential of Rafsanjan County using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). In order to reach this purpose satellite image processing, along with field observations surveys and other sources of information such as reports, roads, soil and geology, and topography, maps were utilized. First the effective factors on geotourism were discriminated using study of different literatures and interview with experts. Then the data for these factors were prepared through satellite images, field data, topography and geology maps and their database were created at GIS. Finally the suitable value were assigned to each factors according to the questionnaire and the geotourism potential were determine through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted overlay model. The results revealed that the AHP and GIS have great efficiency in discriminating potential areas and Rafsanjan country contain relatively good potential for geotourism activities.

Population groups are not the same in terms of vulnerabilities in respect of natural hazards occurrence, and women, children and the elderly persons, are more vulnerable than other populations. Gender can also affect the vulnerabilities so that experiences from past disasters have shown that women and girls are more vulnerable to men and boys. On the other hand, women and girls, if they are empowered, can enhance community capacity in the face of natural disasters. The marital status of individuals such as single, married, widowed and divorced also affects the degree of vulnerability of individuals. Therefore, studying the status of vulnerable populations can be crucial in proper planning to prevent and reduce disaster risks and, today, the gender perspective is one of the smartest approaches to manage and reduce disaster risks. The objective of this paper is vulnerability zoning of Tehran in natural disasters with population groups perspective. It considers gender disaggregated data on vulnerable populations including children (girls and boys), women and men (considering their marital status), and elderly persons (elderly women and men).

In this paper, Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to identify and prioritize the vulnerable areas of the city. The proposed method includes constructing a hierarchical structure of criteria and sub-criteria, preparing vulnerability maps based on each sub-criterion, generating a binary comparison matrix, calculating the significance coefficient of criteria and sub-criteria, calculating the consistency ratio and calculating each area vulnerability. Thus, priority urban areas are identified for empowerment and capacity building.

Tehran is a vulnerable city in respect of natural hazards occurrence, and the status of population groups have increased its vulnerability. In this paper, according to the gender disaggregated data on vulnerable population groups in the 22 districts of Tehran, vulnerable districts were identified and prioritized.

Based on the findings, districts 4, 5, 15, and 20 are priority areas that need to be empowered vulnerable populations.

In this research, at first, map of ecotourism indicators including WDI, EAI, ERI, IFI and EDI was developed in Dena County. Then, potential areas of ecotourism development using the linear weighted average method and calculating the relative weight of the indicators through the hierarchical analysis process and adopting various decision-making strategies and applying ordered weights are identified and prioritized. The difference in the area allocated to various classes of ecotourism reflects the role of different decision-making strategies in determining the capability and assigning different degrees of suitability to a region for the development of ecotourism.One can define an infinite range of possible solutions that, in terms of riskiness, at the end of it, is the Boolean OR , and at the other end it is the Boolean logic of AND which all criteria must be met for the suitability of an area for ecotourism.