جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "input" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

Tour guides are the key players in the tourism industry. They should acquire the necessary training and skills to meet the expectations of this sector. Besides, one way to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the education sector is to assessing its curriculum. The present study aimed to assess the curriculum inputs of the tour guide field of technical-vocational branch with an outcome-based curriculum approach. This research was conducted by an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. The statistical population consisted of 13 teachers,171 students and 63 graduates of the tour guide in the technical-vocational branch in Isfahan. In this research used two proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. The interview questions' validity and the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire questions was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.79≤ α ≤0.89). The qualitative findings were analyzed via the content analysis technique and the quantitative findings via SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the teachers assessed the content of the curriculum, facilities and equipment and the characteristics of the inputs as undesirable and the teachers’ characteristics and abilities as moderate. There was also a significant difference between the views of students and graduates in terms of inputs. The general conclusion is that the inputs in the curriculum of the tour guide in the technical-vocational branch regarding teachers’ characteristics and abilities are moderately outcome-based and in other components are not outcome- based.

The successful organization is an organization that consisting of human resources with organizational culture, ideas and common goals that share their experiences and knowledge with the organization. Under these conditions, any process that enhances the capability of human resources is a capital-intensive process, the result of which is directly reflected in the quality and quantity of services. The purpose of this study is to find ways to increase the empowerment of employees with a spiritual approach to achieve organizational goals and to explain the scientific and practical framework for the development of employee empowerment based on spirituality. The present study that was done in one of the organizations affiliated with the Armed Forces, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. 70 questionnaires were collected and analyzed by integer method. Findings showed that Model inputs have a positive and significant effect on the process by 83%. The process has a 87% positive and significant effect on the outputs.Also, according to the results of determination coefficient (R2), processes predict 68% of inputs. Outputs also predict 75% of input and process. The results of research on spiritual empowerment indicate that the development of abilities has the greatest effect on spiritual empowerment and then on cognitive and intellectual empowerment.

Input and output selection in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has many important. In this research, inputs and outputs of reginal power companies are selected with artifitial neural network. The application of neural network in the selection of inputs and outputs of reginal power companies is not a precedent in the literature and it is considered the main advantage of the proposed method. In order to train two layers MLP neural network, after presenting of error resilience, learning method was used. After neural network training, neural network performance is examined by using the test set. RMSE value for 15 test set equals 0/0269 which reflects the high accuracy of training network. The Sensitivity Analysis of the studied parameters which are the same inputs and outputs of Data Envelopment Analysis, with ten percent increase of parameter, compared to the prior one was carried out and output relative error average for neural network parameters was calculated. Based on the output relative error average, inputs and outputs were determined. By comparing the efficiency scores of regional electricity companies before and after reducing the number of variables, it is noticed that the number of efficient companies during the above four periods decreased from 50 percent to 11 percent. Finally, the neural network application in inputs and outputs selection of the regional electricity companies was unprecedented in the literature and this is the main advantage of this method.

In this study, we using direct and indirect coefficients of Input - Output table from SCI 2001, and simulated the effect of imports on employment in the automotive vehicle. The results show that relationships between automobile sector with some sectors with high employment has more than sectors that have low employment. Therefore, increasing imports cars or decreasing barriers of import has leads to significant disturbances job opportunities in automotive sector (directly) and other sectors (indirectly). Therefore, if the government at a time to reduce import tariffs on Auto, it should also pay costs for out of the industry. It is important that the loss of employment. But the relationship can be reduced section 41 and other economic sectors, employment costs at least be reduced. If government decided to exit of industry this paper is important supposed for reduce disturbances.

In this research, we investigate the efficiency of companies listed on Tehran stock exchange using Data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do so, we compute the relative efficiency of the companies using input oriented CCR, BCC and CRS and VRS approaches and separate their inefficiency into two technical and scale sections. In continuous, we tend to determine the companies with the absolute efficiency among the companies with one hundred percent relative efficiency. Finally, we try to determine the reference groups as a pattern for improving their efficiency by identifying the weakly efficient companies. The research data were collected from financial statement of 75 companies listed in three different industries including chemical, food and non-metal in the Tehran stock exchange from 2006 to 2010. By considering the previous researches, in order to compute the efficiency of the companies, we use from two input variables including total assets and total liability to total assets ratio and three output variables including EPS, ROA and ROE. The results show that the significant amount of existing inefficiency is because of the scale inefficiency in these companies, while all the efficient companies in these three industries are as the weakly efficiency type and there isn’t any company with the absolute efficiency among them.

Nowadays there is a tendency to consider knowledge as a direct production input in analytical approaches. Investment in knowledge can increase the capacity of production inputs and since knowledge capital enjoys an increasing rate of return to scale it is considered as an effective factor in the long term economic growth. In the world, private enterprises carry the main burden of knowledge production and R & D expenditure; therefore, they only make an investment when they can benefit from its exclusive rights and protection of IPRs can provide the legal framework for the right holders to exclusively enjoy their intellectual rights. The main assumption of this paper is that protection of IPRs can improve the knowledge-based sectors of economy. Accordingly, using an input-output approach, the paper aims to investigate the economic effects of stimulating knowledge-based sectors on all other economic sectors in intersectoral interactions. In this paper, after reviewing the indicators of the economy of knowledge, knowledge based sectors were identified in Iran's economy and the relationship between these sectors and Iran's economic system was investigated. The study shows that in Iran's economy several Knowledge-based sectors have less flows on other general sectors and in most of the cases affecting the other sectors in the same groups and less on the other groups, in other words, it means that Knowledge and innovation will stimulate the same sectors in their group more than the other sectors.