جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « intra » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Country risks continue to reduce international trade. One of the missing links in the field of studies in the field of international trade patterns of Islamic countries is the lack of a coherent study on the impact of country risk and each of its components on intra-group trade patterns of Islamic countries. The main goal of the article is to evaluate the impact of economic, financial and political risk on industrial exports within the group of member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This study examines the intra-group export patterns of this category of countries from the perspective of the gravity model and the pseudo-Poissian maximum likelihood method (PPML) during the period from 2002 – 2021. The results show that the intra-group export pattern of industrial goods of OIC member countries is affected by the market size and the political and financial risk of the countries of origin and destination, the real exchange rate, the distance and common border, and the economic risk of the destination countries. Meanwhile, the political risk variable has a significant negative impact on the intra-group industrial export pattern of the organization's member countries compared to other factors that determine country risk. The impact of economic risk is evaluated negatively only for export purposes, but the impact of financial risk is positive for exporters and importers of industrial goods of member countries. This study suggests that member countries of the organization pay more attention to the role of country risk, especially political risk, in the formation of industrial export patterns within the group. Therefore, increasing institutional capabilities related to export credit, reviewing risk assessment models and how to manage it is a key issue in regional cooperation.

Survey of international business cycle and it's transfer of country to another country is very important and attention to business cycle synchronization that can effect to international economic relationship`s of countries. Desirable understand the impact of economic's activity of trading partners of business cycle fluctuations is important. Hence, in this study using annual information for 19 countries of MENA region and with use of pooling method for the period 1998-2014, the result of research show that the impact of trade intensity on business cycle synchronization among this countries is significant, and the effective variable on business cycle synchronization in this region are intra-industry trade and monetary policy coordination. The results suggest that this countries isn`t desirable for creation a common economic unionhe results suggest that this countries isn`t desirable for creation a common economic union.

In regards to the urgency of knowledge management, commercializing it and changes in the nature of economical production today, universities as the major institution of producing knowledge, play a new role in economic development.
To materialize this role, they need to be transformed into entrepreneurial universities. In such universities, managers are the main players in decision making; therefore, they should possess special abilities and capabilities including entrepreneurial skills. Consequently, it is essential to motivate these managers to bring their capabilities into action. Since the development of entrepreneurial behavior is affected by economic entrepreneurial climate, on the one hand, and organizational entrepreneurial climate, on the other, two sets of internal/external factors were determined in this research and their effects on
entrepreneurial behavior of middle managers of selected universities of Iran were studied. The present study is a correlational survey and has used cross-sectional method. The statistical population consisted of middle managers of Sharif University, Beheshti University, Amir Kabir University, Science and Technology University and Kharazmi University. The sample size was 209, estimated by Cochran’s formula. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis method, structural equations, and Friedman’s non-parametric test were used. Results show that such internal factors as freedom of action, working independence, time availability and organizational boundaries have positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior of middle managers of selected universities, but factors like bonuses, reinforcement, and monetary, fiscal and currency policies of government have negative and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior. From among all variables studied, top management support and business policies show no significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior.

This research is intended to investigate the effect of the employee's perception of organizational justice on intellectual capital. This applied research follows correlation method. Research instruments include structural equation modeling. 181 employees were selected to make the sample group. To collect data, questionnaires for measuring justice by Kim & Leung, 2004, and Calquit (2001), and questionnaires measuring intellectual capital by Lou Garry (2004), Roaders (2007), and Haddadzadeh (1389) were employed. The results indicated that employee's perception of intra-organizational and extra-organizational justice has a positive effect on intellectual capital. Therefore, it can be predicted that if the employees have positive perception of intra-organizational and extra-organizational justice, the intellectual capital of the organization will increase. Furthermore, a positive relation between employee's perception of intra-organizational justice and that of extra-organizational justice was discovered.

Today, meritocracy, as well as employing efficient work forces, is one of the main principles and success factors of organizations for moving towards dynamism and evolution. It, on the one hand, is the requirement and success key of reformations and a condition of survival and durability of political systems and, on the other hand, is one of the basic elements of empowerment of governments, knowledge promotion and management proficiency of every country. The present study, which aims to present a meritocracy system promotion model for govermental organizations of Iran, has been conducted by a descriptive-survey method using questionnaires and semi-structured interview among managers and staff of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. After studying theoretical fundamentals and getting acquainted with meritocracy subject, we prepared an open questionnaire in order to recognize government organizations with regard to meritocracy system situation and to identify its effective factors. The results of the conducted theme analysis with the obtained answers led to the formation of the conceptual model. In the next step, the second questionnaire was designed in order to extract relations among the variables, determine weight coefficients of indexes, and present the research model. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was distributed among 54 experts who were chosen under certain conditions and through a judgmental method. The results were analyzed based on decision making structure with multiple criteria and lexicographic model. The results indicated that in organizations with a competitive strategy, partnership leadership style, responsive organizational culture, organizational goal of human resource management system, and a semi-centralized decision making method, a more ideal background is provided for the promotion of meritocracy system. Also, organizations that involve participation in the formulation of values and norms, accept meritocracy in public opinion, consider competence as the main standard for the selection of people and dictate employment terms with an equal opportunity will provide a better background for the promotion of meritocracy system.

As one of the most important levels of communication" intra- individual communications" is considered the basis for other sorts of communication (such as inter-individual, collective, and organizational communications). Intra- individual communication has deep-rooted religious and philosophical principles which are not only taken care of by divine doctrines and invited man to reflect on them but they have been proved and approved by philosophical and intellectual propositions. In Islamic sources man is defined as a sensible creature having will and free choice and whatever he does the effects of his deed first return to him when accepting the responsibility and effects of his deeds and then to others. Intra-individual communication is important; first, because it outlines man's interaction and relation with his inner capacities – which forms his real character and identity and secondly because it has influential social and organizational functions. The most important organizational roles of intra- individual communication are: self-control, self-esteem, self-confidence, work ethic.