جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تجربه زیسته » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

One of the concerns of knowledge-based organizations after the retirement of their skilled employees is to ensure that their knowledge is retained by the organization. This issue is especially important for retired university faculty members who have extensive experience and a lot of explicit and implicit knowledge. In this regard, one of the key questions is how to take advantage of precious knowledge and literacy of these intellectuals, which has been created with great difficulty during their years of activity? The purpose of the current research is to qualitatively examine the lived experience of retired faculty members during their working years.

Using Husserl's descriptive phenomenology, 17 retired faculty members of Isfahan universities were chosen as participants using purposive sampling. The total number of participants was determined through theoretical saturation. In-depth interviews were used in order to collect information about the experiences of the participants. The interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.

The results identified five main themes including adherence to university norms and red lines, personal, work and life balance, shifting focus from quantity to quality, preparing for life after retirement, and developing communication skills. Besides, the results identified 16 sub-themes.

From a theoretical point of view, the results of this study contribute to the development of concepts on knowledge management and especially knowledge sharing among retired faculty members. Practically, the results obtained can be used at the individual level (i.e., for younger faculty members), at the university level (i.e., for university administrators), and at the national level (i.e., for major policy making at Ministry of Science).

Learning at any age can be useful and effective, and adults can also benefit from higher education. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experience of adult students studying in Islamic Azad University.

The qualitative method of theme analysis was used in the research method. The participants were adult graduate students and retirees studying at the university, and 23 people were selected from among them through a purposeful criterion-based sampling method. The criteria for selecting the participants was having the necessary experience in the field of adult education and being among adult students or retired graduate students. The selection criteria for sampling was the theoretical saturation of the data. Validation of the research was done using four criteria of credibility (credibility), impartiality (verifiability), reliability (compatibility), and applicability (transferability).

The findings showed that the conceptual framework of adult higher education consists of 3 dimensions (key, content and executive) and 20 criteria (belonging to the mind, freedom of action and respect, self-awareness, group-oriented, motivational, self-expression, skill-oriented, communication, lifelong learning, flexibility, evaluation and mentorship, need-oriented, goal setting, policy making, platform creation, content creation, implementation and evaluation).

Paying attention to the dimensions and criteria discovered in this research provides the way to create higher adult education and the necessary sensitivity in this field.

Skills training is a set of teachings that lead to the creation of a skill repository in the mind and behavioral system of the individual under training, preparing them for agency and deep influence in the work environment. This research was conducted with the aim of representing commanders' experiences of influential factors on skills training in border education centers of the Islamic Republic of Iran's law enforcement command. The present study, in terms of purpose, application, and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of execution, is a qualitative phenomenological research. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The participants in the study were 12 commanders, managers, and experts of border education centers, and the sampling was purposive until theoretical saturation was reached. Four criteria recommended by Guba and Lincoln were used to assess the internal and external validity of the research results and were confirmed. Atlas.ti software was used to analyze the research data. The findings showed that influential factors on skills training consist of 65 basic concepts, eleven organizing concepts, and four comprehensive concepts, including professional competence of instructors, learner characteristics, training conditions, and organizational factors. The research results indicated that for the successful implementation of effective and efficient skills training and empowering learners in education centers, it is better for border commanders to identify the necessary infrastructures for the implementation of skills training based on the identified indigenous components and to use them properly with proper management.

The touch of the product plays an important role in the final decision of the customer when purchasing from physical and online retail, and the sensations that come to be enjoyed through touch enable them to experience the product from all angles. Therefore, considering the importance of touch, this research has investigated the lived experience of touching the product from the point of view of customers of physical and online stores. The following article is done with qualitative method and phenomenological paradigm. The research community is made up of electronic and clothing buyers from online and physical stores: Technolife, Adak, Havadar and Happyland in Tehran, and through semi-structured interviews, evidence was collected based on the purposeful sampling method. The interviews continued until reaching the theoretical saturation, and in this research, the interviews reached saturation with 15 people. Based on the extracted results, the main themes include; Product perception is physical touch, virtual touch, touch experiences, need for touch and touch perceptions. According to the results, managers of physical and online stores should provide conditions (such as the use of modern technologies) that touch and contact with the product happen to both groups of online and physical buyers so that they can buy products based on their needs and wants, and also this research can pave the way for the development of touch literature for researchers.

Flood is one of the most damaging natural disasters that causes many human and financial losses to human societies all over the world every year; So that on a global scale, 40% of the total number of natural disasters and 26% of all deaths caused by natural disasters are caused by floods. The purpose of this research is to epitomize the lived experience of police commanders and managers of Lorestan and Khuzestan provinces in the crisis caused by the flood incident in 2019.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of approach that was conducted based on the phenomenological methodology. The number of samples was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation, and based on this, in the framework of targeted sampling, the participation of 35 police commanders and managers of Lorestan and Khuzestan was used. Semi-structured interview was used for data collection and two-level thematic analysis according to Smith and Osborn method was used for data analysis.

The main themes obtained from the depiction of the lived experience of the participants are: the weakness of training before the crisis; extra-organizational cooperation and interaction; preventing, controlling and dealing with crime and disorder; helping the rescue mission; delegation of authority in the hierarchy of command; physical and mental resilience; behavior patterns; current guidelines, procedures and practices; crisis command; social participation; law enforcement logistics; supporting the families of employees living in the flooded area; consulting services after crisis management operations.

The results of the research displayed the challenges, problems, as well as the positive and successful experience of police commanders and managers in the flood crisis of Lorestan and Khuzestan provinces in 2019. The results of the research included practical implications for the disciplinary management of natural crises, including floods.

One of the most important tasks of educational governance is the timely review of educational systems and processes, especially in the field of higher education. It seems that the opportunity and experiences gained during the Covid-19 pandemic have intensified this process. Based on this, designing and implementing educational activities in the most desirable ways is a serious tool for an effective and efficient educational system in the country. For this purpose, the purpose of this study is to examine the lived experience of Tehran University management students from virtual education during the corona virus epidemic and to provide solutions to improve the way of education. The method used in this qualitative research is phenomenological analysis. Using phenomenological analysis, it is possible to understand how the target society understands the world around them and what the specific experiences mean for them. The statistical population in this research includes those management students of Tehran University who had a history of participating in offline and virtual classes at the same time as the spread of the corona virus in the university. The researchers of this research have reached theoretical saturation by conducting 29 interviews. The findings of Haaz's research show that offline and virtual classes have both advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed separately. Finally, the results of this research, by analyzing the content of research data, provide a mixed model for virtual and face-to-face training.

The current research aims to identify the characteristics of the nine elements of the Inverted Problem based approach from the point of view of Preschool teacher training students. The method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Participants were 13 pre-school teacher students (4 men and 9 women), among whom had chosen the course "Training by the game”. So, first the agreement of the Head of Department, professor and students were obtained. Then Implementation were done based on the Guidance of the Department of Medical Genetics at the University of Glasgow. This approach was implemented in ten steps. In collecting the required data, two techniques of voice recording, note-taking and text writing were conducted from nine participants, by semi-structured interviews. The four-step approach of Georgy (1970) was used in the analysis. These four steps are: 1) data review, 2) writing a guide for coding, 3) organizing data, 4) classifying and coding data. Analysis and coding of interview text were done using MAXQDA10 software. The findings of the research showed that the characteristics of the nine elements of Klein's curriculum, considering the students' experiences, were as follows: the objectives element has at least two characteristics, the content element has three characteristics, the teaching methods element has three characteristics, and at least four characteristics for The element of learners' learning activities has six features for the element of grouping learners, four themes for the educational space element, the feature of the teaching time element around two themes, the feature of the materials and resources element in three themes and the feature of the evaluation element can be around five sub-themes. Divided. The results of the current research indicated that this approach is powerful in some elements and its characteristics are challenging in elements such as goals, content, grouping, and "learning materials and resources". In general, the student-teachers were satisfied with learning and teaching with an inverted problem-based approach because it improved their academic and practical skills. The conclusion of the present study is that in the opinion of students, the elements of "teaching-learning strategies", "learning activities", "educational environment" and "evaluation" of this approach were satisfactory.

In recent years, the relationship between life and work has grabbed the attention of many researchers in various scientific fields. The diversity of viewpoints in various scientific fields shows the depth of the work-life relationships and the necessity of paying attention to the various issues affecting them. This exploratory study was carried out to understand the work experience and its relationship with life from the viewpoint of the employees working in NGOs. The study was planned based on the qualitative approach of phenomenology and used Moustakas’ eight-step method in this regard. In order to collect data, story-like deep interviews were made with 11 employees of Mahak institute as an NGO. Reflexivity and thick data were used to confirm the credibility of the analyses. As a result of the analyses, 11 themes of belief in the purposefulness of life, treatment of job as a mission, living the professional mission, having a demanding work, constant mental engagement, perception of conflicting identities, consistency and stability of values, revival as a result of accepting the protective role, spread of satisfaction to various arenas of life, existence of spirituality in life, and tolerance in life and work were obtained in the form of three clusters that described positive, negative, and, synthesized strains of employees’ life and work. The contextual individual, structural individual, and contextual-structural individual descriptions were offered. To sum up, a mixed contextual-structural description based on the novel structure of “life-work synthesis” as the lived experience of employees was presented.

The purpose of this study is to  understand  the employees lived experiences of workspace. Employees experiences refer to any perception, sense, understanding and interpreting of the workspace (physical, cultural and technological). Understanding the employees lived experiences plays a main role in aligning organizational efforts with employees values. We took up this study in order to expose the importance of employees experiences at workspace and shed light on previous studies that have been done on understanding humane lived experiences as well. The research focuses on two questions: what are the employees’ lived experiences? and how they interpret those experiences? We used the Dickelman’s phenomenological approach in this study. We interviewed 16 employees and middle managers who hold BA and BS degrees and worked at a telecom organization. Findings show that: employees experiences and interpretation at their workspace can be expressed in 6 main themes: “precaution”, “strait”, “inefficiency”, “belonging”, “discouragement” and “lagging behind of personal life”. These main themes included 22 subthemes which clarify and interpret the employees experiences in details.

This study is aimed at investigating the lived experience of successful employees of their career path. Lived experience is indeed the direct and unmediated understanding of experiences in our virtual and daily lives achieved without resorting to ordinary thinking and conceptualization. The statistical population of the study consists of all successful working men and women in Boroojerd in 2018. The required data were collected through purposive sampling method. In the first stage of sampling, conducted for identifying successful working people, 200 people were selected to participate in the study by filling the Hirsch et al. (2017) job success questionnaire. In the second stage, the participants' were scores using SPSS-22 software, and those who scored above 120 on the job success questionnaire were identified as successful people, 12 of whom were interviewed in depth. In the first stage, the research tool included a job success questionnaire, and in the second stage, an in-depth unstructured interview was fulfilled. The data were analyzed by theoretical coding. Having coded the data in three stages of open, axial, selective coding, the researchers identified a total of 49 open codes, 13 axial codes and finally 3 selected codes. The results indicated that successful people are involved in different life experiences in their career path which affect their success.

The purpose of this study was to phenomenological identify the atmosphere (space) of shopping malls - as a lesser known phenomenon - and the customers shopping behavior from multi-purpose shopping malls / malls. In general, the purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of the atmosphere (space) of shopping centers from the perspective of participants (subjects).Research

This study was a qualitative approach with phenomenological method. The population of this study consist of 12 mall experts and customers who were selected by purpose method with snowball sampling. Data were collected by the deep interview guide. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. Date were analysis similar to by grounded theory approach, the process of concepts, sub-themes and main themes was done using by Atlas.ti ver.8 software.

This study showed that the atmosphere of shopping center/malls includes seven themes: External Variables, Internal Variables, Visual Merchandising, Human Variables, Tenant Mix, and Consideration of Noncommercial Spaces, and Multiple Sense. The mall evaluation have five themes: Self –Congruity, Functional Congruity, Customers’ Interpretation, Effectiveness of Environmental Factors, and Social Responsibility. Also, the customers shopping behavior from shopping centers and malls includes six themes: the sense of a Hedonistic Shopping, Utilitarian Shopping, Mall Patronage, Customer Experience, Comprehended Risks, and finally mall promotion and advertising.

The atmosphere of shopping malls/centers influences the behavior of customers and their evaluation of shopping malls. The success of these centers and increasing customer’s loyalty dependent on attention to the atmospheric of shopping centers determinants.

The present study attempts to understand the experience of scientific tourism and this has been investigated among the foreign scholars who have experienced scientific tourism in Iran. In this study, a qualitative research method and descriptive phenomenological approach were used, based on the need to use the lived experiences of the people involved in the research. Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis because of its systematic nature. Until reaching saturation, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 people using a purposive sampling method. The validity of the results was obtained by referring back to the research participants and obtaining their agreement. In the end, four categories of themes were identified: the scientific, the religious, the cultural, and the economic and leisure time aspects. The findings of this study are effective in a better understanding of tourist’s behavior and future predictions. Proper application of the findings will also promote the development of scientific tourism and consequently increase the satisfaction of tourists.

The main goals of the research include achieving a deeper understanding of the consumers’ confusion experience as perceived by them while purchasing, presenting, sorting and classifying the causes of consumers’ confusion exience as it occurs in the natural context. To achieve these goals, we have investigated the real consumers’ experience as well as past theoretical studies. This study also provides a model of factors influencing shaping the consumers’ experience of confusion by extracting the components and causes of confusion as a concept that consumers face in their daily retail purchases.

The present applied research is conducted based on qualitative method and phenomenological approach. In this study, due to the complexity of the concept of consumers’ confusion, multiple purposeful sampling including porpuseful, available, snowball and the most variety sampling methods were used. The strategies used to collect the data were a combination of in-depth interviewing, note-taking, and careful study of the related theoretical texts. Based on a detailed study of the theoretical literature, the researchers compared the findings of this study with those of the previous researches.

In general, confusion is an unpleasant experience for most of the consumers; in other words, it indicates a mental state of inability to concentrate on purchasing products and services that includes the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of individuals. When the degree of confusion in the consumption situation exceeds the acceptable level, the consumer develops one or more strategies to reduce or eliminate it. The strategies to reduce and eliminate confusion are divided into two general categories: the individual solution and the external solution. Individual solutions refers to the case where the person who is experiencing confusion tries to address things such as adjusting their own information, changing the time of purchase, rethinking about purchasing, needs assessment, purchasing based on their needs, and so on.

The concept or nature of the consumer’s lived confusion experience is not simple and uni-dimensional, but includes multidimensional and multilayered meanings. Some of the field findings obtained from the interviews with participants about their experience of confusion while shopping confirmed the theoretical findings of the previous studies. However, in order to address previous research gaps in the area of ​​consumer confusion in the retail markets (such as HyperMarkets and ...) and in order to provide a basis for future research on discovering, identifying, and phenomenologically explaining this experience, we found the basic influencial concepts of consumer persuasion knowledge, decision making style, and consumers’ costs which are among the innovative aspects of this research.

The entrepreneurship is predominantly described as a process involves the nexus of two phenomena: ‘the presence of lucrative opportunities and the presence of individuals who create these opportunities. This framework has directed the scholarly domain of entrepreneurship by the way of focusing on the interplay between entrepreneurial opportunities and the individuals who discover, conceive, create or pursue those opportunities. However, the field of entrepreneurship has faced with disagreement over the ‘nature of the construct of entrepreneurial opportunities. Generally, there have been two different ontological approaches of realism and subjectivism about this construct. From the practical perspective, during recent decades there has been an on-going debate in developing countries regarding the healthcare industry as a leverage for national and international development. The healthcare industry is currently among those thriving areas of entrepreneurship in Iran as a developing economy. The review of academic literature in healthcare context indicated that few studies focused exclusively on the entrepreneurship in this context. Mainly, the existence of business opportunities which are highly reliant upon the entrepreneurs has been neglected in this field. Present research fills this gap in the literature by interpreting the nature of entrepreneurship in the healthcare context on the basis of the intersubjective meanings comes from the articulation of the entrepreneurs about their interaction in shaping the nature of their surrounding business environment. Such an interpretation achieves by applying qualitative contextualize methodology of the hermeneutical phenomenology. Hermeneutical interpretation of entrepreneurial opportunity simultaneously entails the lived experiences of entrepreneurs in earning their livelihood, along with their interaction with the environment, and the pre-existence and independence nature of opportunity which is embedded in the economic, historical ,sociocultural context.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Reviewing the theoretical foundation of entrepreneurship indicated that significant progress has been made in the last few decades about the theoretical construction of entrepreneurial opportunities. However, the field of entrepreneurship has faced with a disagreement over the ‘nature of the entrepreneurial opportunities. Generally, there have been two different ontological approaches to this construct. The first is the realist position which assumes the opportunities as the reality formed by exogenous shocks in the pre-existing environment, waiting to be discovered by the conscious entrepreneurs. The second is the subjective position which assumes it as the social construction which is endogenously enacted by the creative imaginations perceptions and activities of the entrepreneurs.  Both of these alternative views approve the importance of entrepreneurial opportunity in entrepreneurship and both have provided considerable knowledge about the nature of this concept.

The qualitative methodology of interpretive hermeneutic phenomenology was selected to gain a deeper understanding of participant’s lived experiences in the context of healthcare entrepreneurship. The study designed in both research design and analysis based on the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). It’s an appropriate way to explore the personal, interpersonal and sociocultural participants' perceptions. Research sample included 13 entrepreneurs from healthcare enterprises in the pharmaceutical, medical devices, medical biotechnology, smart health context, besides 3 health policy makers which were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. 

The findings emerged from the interviews consist of 642 meaning units, 489 clusters of meaning, 56 master-themes, 16 meta-themes, and finally 5 overall themes which indicate the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities in healthcare context. The five final themes are: (1) the perceptional pre-structures of individual; (2) the environmental empowerments in macro levels; (3) environmental empowerments in micro levels; (4) the entrepreneur's interactive based on the perceptional pre-structures; (5) the entrepreneur's interactive based environmental empowerments. This study makes several contributions to the understanding of the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities in the healthcare context. First, the findings of this research indicate the value and importance of the technological, sociocultural, juridical and institutional conditions, also, the market structures of the healthcare context of developing countries in the success of the healthcare entrepreneurs. Second, the significance of our findings heightens by the research's focus on the independent and efficient entrepreneurs of healthcare context and their contributions to the emergence and the development of the prominent business opportunities in the healthcare industry. Third, present investigation contains the multiple levels of analysis and explicitly indicated the individual, venture along with relevant macro and micro characteristics of the business environment as the essential parts of the healthcare entrepreneurial opportunities.

Learning from the experiences of organizational misconceptions and the subsequent failure along with focusing on the key factors of success, can pave the way to make the decision-making process effective for the future of the business. One of the consequences of making non-optimal decisions at the top levels of the organization is a strategic regret. The present study aims to understand the essence of the strategic regret and attempts to answer the two following questions; what constitutes the phenomenon of "strategic regret"? (What is its scope based on the experiences of managers who have experienced this phenomenon?) and what are the intrinsic and transversal factors of strategic regret based on the experiences of executive managers? The present phenomenological research is a fundamental research in terms of objectives. In addition, in terms of data collection, this research is a description of the post-event method. The statistical population of this research consists of all managers of organizations and companies active in Tehran province that have made (or have not made) decisions in the moment or the past where their organization has faced toubles (or has been prevented from gaining profit) and are now regretful about their decision at that time. Based on purposeful sampling and in order to reach the theoretical saturation 12 people were selected. Semi-structured deep interviews were used to collect data. In this research, the strategy of "transcendental phenomenology of Mustecas” (based on Husserl descriptive phenomenology) was used to analyze the data. Various themes were extracted regarding the nature of the strategic regret and they were classified into two main themes. (A) emotional experiences (consisting of 8 main themes and 21 sub-themes) and (b) cognitive experiences (which consists of 2 main themes and 6 sub-themes). The emotional experiences of the participants regarding strategic regret were in the forms of sense of regret and remorse, sorrow, fear, disappointment and despair, shame, dissatisfaction, loss, and satisfaction. Besides, their cognitive experiences were classified into two categories of feedback and prediction of the likelihood of regret. The results of this research, while introducing the notion of regret into the strategic management literature, have paved the way for the context to be defined, distinguished from similar cases and to set up behavioral strategies at the highest level of the organization.

This aim of this study is to understand the lived experience of senior managers in banking industry and to outlines the factors that they consider critical in the development of their own careers. Ten managers from Bank Mellat were selected and semi-structured interviews were planned. By applying a qualitative research approach, narrative inquiry was implemented. During a six phase narrative thematic analysis of data, two different approach to career success was identified; the first was career success as an achievement and the second was career success as an endowment.
When successful managers consider the career success as an achievement, they introduce three factor named human capital, social capital and motivational capital. While seeing the career success as an endowment, psychological capital and spiritual capital become more important. Main contribution of study is developing a comprehensive model that describes career success factors. Findings provide practical implications for designing and implementing management development programs.

In recent years, one of the most important problems of consumers in retail spaces which leads to their incomplete purchase is the confusion phenomenon. Therefore, this study seeks to discover and identify the confusion phenomenon, consumers’ perception of it, and its hidden aspects. To this end, the retail spaces have been selected, since they provide a suitable environment for consumers' confusion. Qualitative approach and phenomenological method have been applied for this study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 27 participants selected according to the multi-purpose targeted sampling. Coding was carried out, and the concepts and categories were extracted. The findings indicated five main themes include decision-making style, the knowledge of persuading consumer, the consumer’s expenditures, the product properties, and other factors, cause emotional, cognitive, and behavioral states of confusion experience in consumers. Finally, solutions to decrease and remove confusion and its consequences were mentioned. This research is different from other studies of consumer behavior both in terms of the chosen topic and methodology.

This qualitative study was conducted to identify the factors and barriers of entrepreneurship development from the perspective of Iranian entrepreneurs. In terms of purpose, this study is applied- developmental and it is performed via descriptive phenomenological method. Qualitative content analysis was used to collect the data. The study population comprised of recorded interviews with the entrepreneurs invited to the Payesh TV program –a combined economic program produced and broadcast on Channel 1, IRIB- during 2015. A total number of 21 interviews were selected purposefully and analyzed by qualitative phenomenological research. Data collection process was continued until theoretical data saturation was reached and efficacy threshold of accessibility was obtained. The results of study showed three classes of factors identified from the perspective of the entrepreneurs, including: 1-background factors (role model, prior experience, and individual characteristics), 2- inhibiting factors (financing, socio-cultural, and legal factors) and, 3- empowering factors (opportunity identification and recognition, knowledge and expertise, and access to social networks).

Sustainabletourismwith the aimof preserving andpromotingthe advantages of the host society along withenjoyingthe benefitsderived fromthis industry hasalways been a priority for theindustry planners. The study of how people understand the impacts of tourism¡ however¡ has been neglected by tourism authorities. Residents'' attitudes towardtourism do notsolelyreflecttheir perceptionof theimpact oftourism on their society¡ but it is the outcomeof interaction betweenthe resident perception andtheir experience of tourism activities in their region. Thispaperpresents the findings of a qualitative study of the consequencesof tourism development on Bane¡ Iran focusing on residents reports.The datawere collected throughin-depthinterviewswith21 menandwomen older than 40with at least 30years livingin the city whom were selected through purposive-theoretical method ofsampling.The results indicate that the host community sees thedifferent cultural¡social¡ economic¡ political and environmental effects of tourism asthe result ofoveremphasis on the commercialfunction of tourism inthe region. The conflict between the residents early perception of tourism and attitude toward the consequences of tourism development can be an indicative of unfair distribution of the industry benefits.