جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تحلیل تطبیقی » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Leisure is defined in any way and concept, it is one of the indicators of lifestyle and people's lifestyle usually shows itself in leisure. The level of people's access to material and cultural resources, including education, can determine their social and economic status and, along with personal characteristics such as gender and age, create a certain type of lifestyle for them and determine the amount and fruition of their leisure facilities. In the meantime, understanding the current situation and the spatial pattern governing the leisure activities of citizens and leisure priorities in the form of categories and ways of spending leisure time and barriers to achieving them will be very important. Therefore, in this framework, the present study tries to study the relationship between independent variables such as age, gender, education and income in the dependent variable of leisure time, to study and comparative knowledge of the type and manner of leisure time in the study areas to prioritize leisure priorities and barriers. In the continuation of this research, it tried to study the spatial analysis of leisure time by presenting the level of fruition and non- fruition of areas of leisure uses both from the point of view of leisure specialists and experts and from the point of view of access levels to a suitable spatial model. In this regard, create a comparative analysis in order to identify the spatial differences of leisure time in the desired areas, one of which is the middle texture and the other as the new urban texture.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and inferential and its type is applied. Using the documentary method, conceptual and theoretical dimensions of the subject, different indicators related to leisure time have been studied. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to analyze the data. SPSS software and Pearson correlation and analysis of variance were used to perform statistical analysis and correlation of variables. Other software in the study areas is Eexcel. The multi-criteria decision model and its combination with hierarchical analysis in the GIS environment and the effective Expert Choice software have also been used to obtain a spatial pattern governing how leisure is spent.

The results show that the amount of leisure time spent among men living in region 22 (2.90) was higher than women (2.81), which is higher in region 19 among men living in region (3.61). It was from women (3.53). In examining the relationship between age, education level and income (independent variables) with leisure time (dependent variable) in the study areas, it should be noted that the highest correlation between independent variables and dependent variable in region 22 is education variable with 0.319 . Similarly, the income variable with 0.226 and the age variable with 0.156 are in the next ranks. Therefore, the results of correlation coefficient show that there is a positive and direct relationship between the variables of age, education and income with leisure time. However, the highest correlation between independent variables and dependent variable in region 19 is related to income variable with 0.651. Similarly, the education variable with 0.522 and the age variable with 0.299 are in the next ranks. In the following, a list of types of leisure time and existing barriers to spending leisure time in the extracted areas were prepared in the form of questionnaires and analyzed separately in order to provide points and rankings of the extracted materials. Then, it was tried to provide access to leisure uses in the form of maps so that in addition to determining the quality of access and their extent fruition of recreational uses, the needs of the study areas can be determined for each of these major uses. But the work does not end here, but using the opinion of relevant experts and effective models and software, an attempt was made to analyze the fruition availability and non- fruition of areas.

The results of one-way analysis of variance test in the study areas showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the gender with the way they spend their leisure time in both areas. Leisure time spent among men and women in the study areas showed that the amount of leisure time spent among men living in the areas was more than women. The highest correlation between independent and dependent variables in region 22 includes education variable with 0.319, income variable with 0.226 and age variable with 0.156. But the highest correlation between independent and dependent variables in region 19 includes income variable with 0.651, education variable with 0.522 and age variable with 0.299, respectively. Therefore, according to the results of the models in regions 19 and 22, it was found that there is a significant and positive relationship between the variables of age, education and income with the amount of leisure time spent. However, regarding the way of spending leisure time and leisure spaces in both areas, it should be noted that it has both collective and public methods and inactive private and home methods, with the difference that the growth of recreation is more and more in private like cyberspace, using Internet has been higher in District 19 than in District 22. Finally, the results of residents' access to a variety of leisure spaces indicate that District 22 has more leisure uses than District 19. However, it should be noted that despite the fact that District 22 has more leisure uses, research has shown that the amount of leisure time among men and women in District 19 is higher than in District 22, and as mentioned in, this is due to the prevailing growth of recreation more than ever in solitude.

Entrepreneurship education in childhood encourage kids choosing entrepreneurship as job career, it will develop entrepreneurial culture and will have next generation of entrepreneurs. While, inappropriate education in entrepreneurship can fade entrepreneurship characteristics in this age. So, benchmarking of the leading countries in the field of entrepreneurship education of children in this matter is very helpful. This article aims to examine the goals, content and teaching methods of entrepreneurship education in elementary schools in some selected countries and presents a model for Iran by using comparative analysis. The statistical sample is leading countries in entrepreneurship education of children. The sample of study is based on GEM reports (2014) with high rate of entrepreneurship education include United State, Norway and Portugal. With study of leading countries, we present a pattern of entrepreneurship education program in elementary school in Iran. Findings help policy makers to deduct entrepreneurship education program and planners of text books to implemented in text books of students in elementary school.

In Iran, E-government foresight project hasn’t been done yet, and we couldn’t find a specific model for it in the world. The aim of this research is presenting an e-government foresight framework based on comparative analysis and benchmarkingin the world.
having reviewed the related literature, 18 e-government foresight projects were identified all around the world among which 8 indicators were extracted. They include Methods, Project territory, Sponsors, Participants, Project Objectives, Influential factors, Uncertainties, and Outputs and Outcomes. Shannon entropy was used to determine these indicators among the pervious related literature.
The results showed that the best indicators for e-government foresight project are: time horizon for less than 10 years, Project territory: national, and the government as the important sponsor, participants: between 51 to 200 people. To do so, Expert Panel, Scenario Writing and Roadmap are considered as the suitable methods Cultural-Social factors are claimed to be the most important factors, and designing scenarios and providing vision are the most important Outputs.
At the end, some suggestions are presented for e-government foresight project that address policy makers and planners in Iran. The implementation of e-government projects requires a futuristic plan based on stakeholder consensus. In order to implement this project, the experiences of other countries are discussed in this paper can be used as guidelines for policymakers and planners in Iran.

This paper is aimed at evaluating the province performance in Iran based on national civil projects at the end of the fourth development planning. Therefore, by using these projects evaluation indices, published from strategic planning and control adjutancy of president, prioritizing of the province at the end of the fourth development is done. The results obtained from decision making multi criteria approach, were assessed finally by multi criteria decision making and comparative analysis. Multi criteria decision making matrix based on 6 projects evaluation indices and data from 31 provinces in Iran were gathered, and by Shanon entropy the weight of these indices for each project evaluation criteria extracted. Consequently, VIKOR method is more preferable than TOPSIS method due to Compromise solution. Based on VIKOR approach, Ilam province, Khozestan province and Khorasan Razavi province and based on TOPSIS approach Semnan province, Hamedan province and Ilam province have the highest ranks respectively.

Social entrepreneurship will create innovative solutions to solve critical social problems and mobilize the ideas, capacities, resources and social regulations needed for social changes. Development of social entrepreneurship will undoubtedly play an important role in economic development, but because of social challenges that entrepreneurs have to cope with, it needs regulatory policies. Review of these policies in developed countries could help to formulate regulatory policies towards social entrepreneurship development in Iran. The aim of this study is to identify the regulatory policies of social entrepreneurship development with a comparative approach. For this purpose, the six countries of Japan, America, Sweden, Great Britain, Australia and Taiwan have been selected. An overall framework of dimensions and indicators of regulatory policies of social entrepreneurship development in selected countries was presented. The findings of this study indicate that regulatory policies of social entrepreneurship development in these countries have been implemented in four groups: financial support, national and regional planning, rules modification and consulting support. the Iranian social entrepreneurship policy makers could benefit from these results to identify the barriers in the way of social entrepreneurship policy-making and formulate the appropriate policies of social entrepreneurship development in Iran.