جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حق بیمه » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The market share of life insurance and savings from the portfolio of the insurance industry is considered as the criteria for the development of the countries. The share of life insurance and savings in the production insurance premium of the insurance industry has always been less than 16% in Iran, which is very low compared to the share of life insurance and savings in most of the countries wherein the share is more than 50%. The purpose of this research is to propose a dynamic model for analyzing the sale of life insurance and savings according to the special social, economic and cultural structure of Iranian society and the structure of insurance companies in the country.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In this study, first the variables affecting the sale of life insurance and savings in insurance companies and their interrelationships have been identified by reviewing the previous studies and interviewing insurance industry experts. Then, the variables including an insurance company, network sales, competitors, community members, and their items were identified. Finally, the circular causal model and the state-flow diagram of the life insurance and savings sales system in Iran have been drawn and validated using the system dynamics approach.

The results were analyzed based on four scenarios in a ten-year horizon. Based on the results, it was found that insurance premium collection, investment rate and profitability of mathematical reserves, Central Insurance of Iran investment rate regarding the income received from life insurance and savings to introduce and make people aware of the benefits of the product, affected the share of production insurance premiums and the number of life insurance policies and savings. Bank interest did not have much effect on life insurance and savings. In addition, Central Insurance of Iran could play a more effective role than the insurance companies in creating the attractiveness of this field among the insurance company's shareholders, sales network, and society.

Research limitations/implications: 

Major research limitations were the complications and lack of transparency of the regulations related to the investment of the resources received by insurance companies from the sale of life insurance and savings, as well as the lack of transparency of the investment rate regulations of the Central Insurance for the development of life insurance and savings from the previous restrictions.

Practical implications:

 Banks and bank interest were not strong competitors for insurance companies. Also, the reduction of bank interest was one of the most important factors affecting the growth of society's willingness to buy life insurance and savings, but this factor alone could not increase production insurance premiums or other key variables. The investment profit of mathematical reserves allocated to policyholders could be used as an important advertising tool by the insurance company. Increasing the profitability of reserves by investing in suitable markets increases the production insurance premium and other key and significant variables.

Social implications: 

Based on the results, it is possible to increase the share of life insurance and savings by affecting social and cultural variables such as the society's awareness of the benefits of life insurance, which shows the mutual effects of economic, social and cultural factors on the growth of the share of life insurance premiums and savings.

Originality/value: 

A dynamic model was proposed based on the mutual and dynamic effects of economic, social, cultural, and managerial factors. Also, it provides an opportunity for the managers of insurance and central insurance companies to make their decisions on the numerical number of insurance policies, and the amount of production insurance premiums.

One of the most important problems involved insurance companies is insurance products pricing. In recent actuarial researches, fuzzy random variables have been used to consider uncertainty of economics parameters in insurance products pricing. Due to the effects of interest rate uncertainty on the insurance industry and especially life insurance, in this article, fuzzy random variables are implemented to consider interest rate uncertainty and calculate premiums for different types of life insurance products. Also, considering that the life table of Iran has been written based on the demographic information of this country and has been communicated to insurance companies to use, the results of using this table on fuzzy insurance premiums of different types of insurance policies have been compared with the life table TD88-90 previously used by insurance companies.

In this study, the fuzzy interest rates are used to define fuzzy discount functions and premiums of life insurance products is calculated.

In this paper, we have implemented fuzzy set theory to model interest rate for calculating premiums of life insurance products. Research findings were presented and analyzed for (term and whole) life insurances, endowments and life annuities using the interest rates announced in the supplement of Regulation No. 68 for Iranian life Insurance products. The premium calculations have been performed for Life table of Iran, which recently has been issued to be used by insurance companies, and life table TD88-90, which has previously been used by insurance companies.  Our findings based on Life table of Iran for a life annuity shows that all possible values of the premium for a 57-year-old person are in the interval [3.741, 4.384] and the deterministic amount of premium is 4.045. Also, the net premiums for the average risk aversion mode (β =0.75) is 4.212. Also, the effect of changes in β and insured age on premium amounts for different types of life insurance products has been studied and analyzed.  Furthermore, all calculations based on life table TD88-90 has been done and is compared with those based on Life table of Iran. Theoretically, the mortality probability of an x-year-old person according to the Life table of Iran is higher than the mortality probability of this person based on the life table TD88-90. So, the premiums calculated for this person based on the Iranian table for term insurance and endowment insurance are less and for life annuity is more than the premium calculated based on Table TD88-90. This can also be seen based on the findings of this article. On the other words, our findings based on table TD88-90 shows that all possible values of the fuzzy premium for a 57-year-old person are in the interval [3.575, 4.257] and the deterministic amount of premium is 3.896. Also, the net premiums for the average risk aversion mode (β =0.75) is 3.988. Also, these results were compared with the random method, which indicates the validity of the proposed fuzzy method.

Interest rates fluctuate over time due to changes in monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policies, and this fluctuation can affect the determination of premiums, reserves and liabilities of insurance companies. This is especially important for life insurance products due to their long-term nature and the possibility of higher interest rate fluctuations during the policy period. Therefore, it is necessary to be considered the interest rate risk and uncertainty in life insurance products by the regulator and insurance companies. In this regard, using the fuzzy interest rate, the permitted range for the interest rate can be considered that insurance companies, taking into account their risk aversion, to determine the amount of premium in the desired period.JEL Classification: G22, C02, C63.

In this paper, the effect of driving experience and right or left handedness of drivers on the number of accidents have been investigated. A questionnaire survey in two cities, Tehran and Isfahan is used for data collection. The results of data analyses indicated that left handed drivers had greater average number of accidents than right handed drivers and by increasing the experience of driving, the average number of accidents decreased. The results also indicated that the driver’s characteristics can help insurance companies in the rate making process to determine more accurate premiums.