جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زمین لرزه » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

After an earthquake, people are seeking for useful information about the mainshock and its possible aftershocks, and the vulnerability of their buildings to any future shakings. Actually, safety assessment of buildings after an earthquake is very costly and time-consuming, and lack of an interactive system between public and authorities for post-earthquake crisis management, especially in metropolitans, is a major challenge. Due to the widespread use of mobile-apps, information such as felt intensity of earthquakes and general structural status of buildings, as well as necessary trainings might be exchanged on an interactive cybernetic system. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a prototype software for earthquake intensity assessment and to give an overall rough estimation of seismic vulnerability of buildings by using a rapid damage estimation method. In this research, following a systematic method for software design, system users and their requirements, and possible solutions are identified, and a prototype system is implemented. The presented software is capable of interacting with public to receive earthquake intensity estimates and building information, as well as reporting building vulnerabilities, and may contribute volunteers to register aftershocks. Using data received from the users, the system can provide a nearly complete database for urban vulnerability, as well as real-time interactive DYFI (Did You Feel It?), shake and damage maps, which may efficiently be used for earthquake crisis management and securing urban regions for hazardous future earthquakes.

Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthquakes. The study focuses on the five regions of Ardabil City.

The research is applied and descriptive-analytical in methodology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized for data analysis, which weighs four criteria and 19 sub-criteria. The information layers in Arc GIS software were combined together to produce a map of vulnerable areas.

The findings indicate that planning and land-use criteria are crucial factors in assessing the vulnerability of Ardabil City. The structural and natural criteria also play a role in the seismic vulnerability of the city. The study shows that the northern, northwestern, eastern, and central parts of Ardabil City are more vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Conversely, the southern part of the city is considered the most resistant.

The results indicate that nearly 30% of urban spaces have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake risk, while around 50% are exposed to high vulnerability. This suggests that the physical structure of these areas is not suitable to manage a crisis caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, this research presents valuable insights into the risk of earthquakes in Ardabil City. The findings can inform the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of earthquakes and protect the local community.

Urban geology uses geological studies to manage risk of natural hazards and sustainable development in urban areas. In the circumstances that the geological hazards caused by the earthquake of November 12, 2017, had been sweeping the Sarpol-e-Zahab region, two underground tunnels were being excavated in the vicinity of the city.  The negative effects of drilling operations of these two underground structures could intensify the crisis in the region.

With the results of field visits and specialized texts review (articles, documents and reports), the geological hazards caused by the earthquake in Sarpol-e-Zahab region have been studied from the perspective of urban geological knowledge. Using the authorschr('39') executive experiences in the water transfer tunnels of Sarpol-e Zahab and Bazideraz, how to manage negative effects caused by drilling these underground structures (preventing the escalation of the crisis in the area) has been discussed.

The occurrence of earthquake has led to the occurrence of other geological hazards such as: "landslides, Rock Fall" and the region has experienced a pervasive crisis. In such circumstances, the tunneling operations intersected in places with surface water flows as well as with the citychr('39')s transportation roads. The destructive effects of drilling operations of these tunnels could cause many problems (reduction of water resources, land subsidence  and the problem of vehicle traffic on roads) and naturally the volume of problems of earthquake-stricken people increase.

The crises that occurred after the earthquake were directly and indirectly related to the geological characteristics of the city, so during the construction of tunnels, operational solutions tailored to the geological conditions were considered so that drilling machines safely cross high-risk areas and from the escalation of the social crises in the earthquake-stricken area be prevented.

Natural disasters have destructive effects on the countries’ physical and human capitals. Hence, it is necessary to use risk management techniques. The purpose of this study is to analysis the impact of earthquake insurance on reducing the earthquake destructive effects on economic growth through financing the destruction and forcing the insureds to reduce risk. Therefore, the effects of possible earthquakes in the Ray fault or Tehran north fault on Iran economic growth for 40 years is simulated. The year 2012 was assumed as the beginning and the possible earthquake occurrence was predicted in the eighth year (2020). Then, the effects of using insurance techniques for risk management on reducing the damaging effects of earthquakes on economic growth have been analyzed.

The effects of probable earthquake in Tehran on Iran economic growth is simulated by system dynamics method. This method provides the possibility of comprehensive analysis of the insurance earthquake effect on the reduction of the destructive earthquake impacts on national capital, and identifies the earthquake impact channels on economic growth by dynamically examining causal relationships, and Iran economic growth changes by earthquake predicts in the long run.

The findings show that in the event of an earthquake in the Rey fault, the physical capitals of 2400100 billion rails, 647800 humans and 203480 billion gross domestic product will decrease by 2051. Therefore, earthquake risk management is necessary to reduce these effects. If there is no earthquake insurance, only part of the damages will be compensated by the government and international organizations. Thus, the government''s development budget will be spent on post-earthquake reconstruction and it will hit the country''s economy. However, if there is earthquake insurance fund, most of the losses will offset by the funds received from the insureds and foreign reinsurers will required to pay damages. Another advantage of using earthquake insurance is to create conditions to reduce the damages scope by the insureds. Results suggest that insurer required to comply with the insured with the country''s seismic regulations by applying incentive and risk-based pricing policies. Therefore, buildings collapse risk and amount of earthquake damage will be reduced.

The speed of reconstruction and compensation will increase in case of application of insurance technique in earthquake risk management. Therefore, a general earthquake insurance fund should be created. Observing the risk dispersion principle is important for the insurers. The fund covers part of its funds with foreign reinsurance. Part of potential losses incurred in Iran will be compensated through foreign insurers, capital will be rebuilt and the country''s economic growth will be improved. The results recommend that the fund considers buildings collapse risk and the country''s seismic regulations compliance to determine the amount of premium. Thus, the devastating effects of the earthquake on physical assets will be decreased by 525,600 billion Rials and economic growth will be improved by 62100 billion Rials by creating a public earthquake insurance fund and obliging the insured to observe the Iran seismic regulations. 

According to crisis management cycle, road network substantially play important role in reduction of negative impact of earthquake. In fact, road network fundamentally promotes emergency aids during earthquake and facilitates mobility for citizens after earthquake. This study aims to analyze vulnerability of Aligoodarz's road network and then evaluates urban space accessibility following earthquake. In this regard, combination of graph-theory concepts and GIS-based spatial analysis are used. In the first step, three categories of criteria for the vulnerability of road network have been identified based on the relevant the theoretical foundation. These criteria are relating to vulnerability of build-up area surrounding of roads, topological properties of road network, and functional properties of road network. In the second step, real-world road network is converted to graph network and then the importance of each criterion is achieved based on Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP). In continues, by using AHP's results in GIS spatial analysis, vulnerability map for road network is produced, on a four-point ordinal scale. This map shows that about 42 links which constitute 11.5 percent of total length of roads have the highest degree of vulnerability. In final step, the highest vulnerable roads (links) are eliminated and then urban space accessibility is computed using cost-distance algorithm. The accessibility map also shows that accessibility in some urban areas- mainly central areas- reduces between 40 to 120 meters.

Iran is known as a country with high seismic activities, very large earthquakes with long return periods, wherein the absence of earthquake in an area doesnt indicate permanent stability. Referring to earthquake zoning map of Iran, it is evident that more than 90% of the area of this country rests on the earthquake risk zone. In this context, the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of different regions of the country in order to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities should be of high priority.
This research is an applied type one and done in analytical method. in addition to introduce the Vulnerability concepts , we used a variety of quantitative and qualitative parameters, on the basis of multi-criteria decision making approach and network analysis process (ANP) assessment of the seismic vulnerability of Najaf Abad. Vulnerability analysis conducted by AHP model and the results of this model are also presented, as well as comparing the results from the ANP and AHP models.
With respect to the vulnerability zoning map of the city, around 30% of developed area of the town is within high and very high vulnerability range and 37% of the town has a medium vulnerability. Finally through overlaying the population distribution map on the vulnerability map it was concluded that more than 51000 individuals are in the high and very high vulnerability zones. Because of the interdependence between the criteria and sub-criteria, the results of ANP is more logical and better adjusted between the two methods with the same conditions.

The main goal of the present study is to investigate the level of preparation to deal with earthquake in secondary schools of education department of Ilam province in two regions of Dehloran and Moormoori .
Research methodology was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) method. Questionnaire, interview, and check list have been used as the research tools. In this study, in the quantity section, two questionnaires were used which one of them was a researcher-made questionnaire. Thereliability of the questionnaires was obtained at the level of 0.8 using Cronbach's alpha according to Faramarzinia et el., (2014) questionnaire and the researcher- made questionnaire reliability were obtained at the level of .80 and .9 for students, teachers and principals, respectively. Statistic population in this study included all principals, teachers and students working or studying in female secondary schools in Ilam (Dehloran and Moormoori) in (2015-2016), among them, 291 students and 91 teachers were selected using a simple random sampling and Cochran formula. In order to analyze quantitative data, descriptive statistics methods (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and in inferential statistics to test the questions, single-sample t-test and ratio test methods were used. In the qualitative section of research, the method of sampling in interview was full enumeration in a way that all 8 school principals were interviewed. The method of content analysis was also used for the qualitative data analysis.
Findings: The results of the research showed that the students, principals, and teachers were relatively prepared to encounter the earthquake, However, this readiness has not been enough and there is a need to improve the students and teachers in knowledge and skill dimensions. In respect of the physical dimension (strength and building safety), schools have an undesirable situation.
With regard to the seismicity of areas, to improve the two dimensions of knowledge and skill, it is needed to hold targeted, continuous, and practical maneuvers and also, in respect of the physical dimension, it is needed to retrofit schools.

The aim of the present research is to prepare a conceptual framework for traditional defensive architecture of Tabriz in historical stages of restorations in destructive earthquake of 1779. The importance of the research is that after the earthquake the anatomic totality of the city was destructed and the city lost most of its population and the life system was plagued in individual and collective scale. The native managing system was able to create a capable defense mechanism in order to protect the harmed ones who wanted to continue life. The time and place condition was in a condition that safety management had turned to an important element in crisis management system. Although, the limitations raised by the crisis, had made the decision making difficult, however native management was able to take effective actions for the aim of defense through recognizing, ordering and directing the financial and moral abilities in the environment. The importance of research subject is to understand how the new bulwark of the city was built in a condition that all known norms of the city had vanished. The present research is qualitative and is done in historical-interpretive method that attempts to respond following questions: A. What was the reason for necessity of planning and building the new bulwark? B. What were the principles of planning new bulwark?

The purpose of this study is to assess earthquake risk analysis of Izeh urban catchment area located in the North East of Khuzestan province using the Multi-criteria models. The parameters used in this study include: the distance from the fault lines، seismic attributes such as magnitude of the earthquake، the geological structure and depth to the water table. In the first stage، five layers of the sesmic charachteristics were produced and classified by GIS 10 software. Then، the pairwise comparison method was employed، and the experts’ opinions were weighted. The results of this study are two zoning map based on WLC and AHP methods. The results of the model indicate that the model based on the AHP and WLC، 10. 92 and 16. 58 Percents of the class area are at very high risk of earthquakes. By evaluating the models according to field observations; it is indicated that WLC model has better performance than AHP model for the seismic hazard zoning in the study area.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of district one of Tehran metropolitan crisis staff OJT (on the job training) for formulating the improved training strategies on enhancing the earthquake preparedness.

The  aims of this survey are: 1.Measuring the results  of  OJT in the field of crisis management 2.The relation between needs and OJT And Finally ,present the appropriate strategies in relation to specialized training for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (focusing on earthquake preparedness)

descriptive-analytic method

The results of this research shows as follows: 1-There is a significant difference between the preparedness of the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran who have enjoyed OJT and the others (trained and not trained target members)  2-Effectiveness of OJT for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (about earthquake crisis management preparedness) in present situation has a significant difference with desired conditions.

Finally , appropriate strategies in relation to specialized training for the members of crisis management staff of district one of Tehran (focusing on earthquake preparedness) suggested as follows:1-Reviewing existing curriculum regarding the weakness and the strength points of the activities and the needs resulted from the study 2-Completing crisis management related data bank of the district with respect to the present and future needs 3- Defining and conducting a expertized  curriculum concentrating on earthquake preparedness of crisis management staff.