جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Blockchain » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The purpose of the current research is the application of blockchain with a comparative approach of its effect on risk, flexibility and evaluation of internal control. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and data collection method. The statistical population includes managers, senior experts, and employees of the Iranian Auditing Association and audit institutions, among which 306 people were obtained based on Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire; it was more than 0.7, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire; and SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used for the relationships between research variables. The results of the research show that the lack of a specific protective framework in blockchain has a negative and significant effect on the management of internal audit control; internal audit control management has a positive and significant effect on improving risk management and financial performance of the company; internal audit control management has a positive and significant effect on increasing the financial flexibility of internal audit; and internal audit control management has a positive and significant effect on the improvement of internal control evaluation.

Blockchain technology in the banking industry is effective in speeding up the transactions, increasing security, dealing with bank embezzlement and storing customer information, and reducing the time and costs of banking operations.

The purpose of this research is to map the impact of blockchain technology functions on the Iran's banking system.

First of all, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified using the systematic literature review. In the next step, the functions are screened with Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The statistical sample of the research included 12 senior managers of four banks: Melli, Pasargad, Maskan, and Saderat.

Using systematic literature review method, the functions of the banking system and blockchain technology are identified, and the results are localized with FDM, which finally 13 functions for the blockchain and 5 functions (establishment of the monetary and credit system, value creation, public cooperation, facilitation exchanges and balance of parallel markets) for the banking system are identified. Based on the results of the Intuitive Fuzzy Cognitive Map (IFCM), blockchain leads to the development of an integrated infrastructure between the management systems of banks, customer information management and information exchange.

According to the results, the functions of blockchain technology lead the bank stakeholders to implement this technology faster. The results indicate that senior managers of banking system should pay more attention to the important functions of blockchain and solutions.

Several corporate, environmental and economic factors can have different effects on the financial reporting of companies at different times. One of the most important factors is the technology and reporting method used. Due to its features such as security and speed, blockchain technology can become the main choice of companies for event recording and financial reporting in the near future. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of opportunities and threats of using blockchain on financial reporting. The direction of the current research is developmental and applied. In the first stage of data collection, the variables involved in the research topic were extracted by studying the research literature and the extracted factors were confirmed by interviewing financial managers and experts. In the second stage, it includes a survey of the statistical population using a questionnaire. The studied population included financial managers and the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results of the research show that all the indicators of opportunities to use blockchain have a positive and significant effect on financial reporting opportunities. Also, all indicators of the threats of using blockchain have a positive and significant effect on the threats of financial reporting.

With the emergence of various technologies such as blockchain, internet of things and big data, the approach and perspective to urban service management has changed. These technologies are part of the 4th generation industrial revolution, which are widely used in the creation of electronic services infrastructure, electronic city, and among other things, smart building. Considering the expansion of cities, the increase of urban population, the diversity of urban services and the emergence of new technologies, the development of urban services and its management requires more appropriate plans and models with new technologies in order to eliminate shortcomings. The main goal of this research is to provide a development model of urban services based on blockchain technology. To develop urban services by using the capabilities and effective capacities of blockchain. The type of method is developmental-applicative in terms of the goal, and the research method in this research is a combination of Delphi (qualitative) methods and structural equation modeling (quantitative), so in the first step of the research, data collection is used And information from library studies and surveying were done and in the next step, using the steps of the Delphi method, a semi-structured interview was used to confirm and explore the conceptual model, and in the third step, using the researcher's questionnaire. It is made from a survey of expert community and analyzed by structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that blockchain technology has a positive and significant impact on the development of city services, as well as environmental health services, recreational welfare services, protection and safety services, electronic education services, public transportation services and traffic are influential indicators. are in the development of urban services. The combined reliability of the model is more than 0.740 according to the correlation of the structures with each other

 New technologies have profoundly changed the way people communicate and interact with their surroundings. These technologies affect every industry. Now, if according to the common definition, we define the supply chain as a set of interconnected activities that include coordination, planning and control of products and services between suppliers and customers. Looking at technological advances, we realize that these traditional structures are no longer self-sufficient, because digitalization has affected almost all aspects of human life, especially supply chain processes. The technologies of the fourth generation of industry represent the industrial revolution that has combined the Internet of Things with automatic systems such as artificial intelligence and its subset of machine learning, which are self-adjusting and self-learning. Such technological systems can change the supply chain from a centralized state to a distributed state, in fact, the deployment of these technologies provides distribution and decentralization for supply chains. The globalization of the economy and the increase in commercial competition have increased the importance of using innovative methods to achieve the goals of the supply chain. With the automation of processes, business activities have moved from manual operations to electronic transactions and all organizational processes have benefited from information and communication technologies. Considering that the design of most processes is at the disposal of centralized centers; There are always problems such as: poor efficiency, coordination at a low level and poor cooperation between the departments of a business unit, the emergence of distributed frameworks such as the blockchain platform and 4.0 generation technologies in addition to Organizations are helped in having complete transparency in transactions and cooperation with each other. They can share transactions on a peer-to-peer page. The purpose of research is to identify the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain and provide the structure of causal relationships for them, as well as the analysis of each of them in the framework of the presented structure. In the present research, codes and categories were first identified using the grounded method, and then the fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to determine causal-effect relationships.In order to design the structure of the cause-effect relationships of the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain, it was extracted according to the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. Collective mapping was obtained by calculating the average of experts' opinions. According to its components, distributed decentralized supply chain can lead to improvement in information flows, promote healthcare and provide fair access to medical services. Also, assigning treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country to a great extent. The components of the correct implementation of the guidelines for hazardous drugs, the correct implementation of GMP rules, improvement in demand forecasting, correct and timely response of suppliers and suppliers, transparency and traceability, reduction in executive costs, Reducing the risk of implementing projects and carrying out contracts, behavioral data analysis algorithms, error and fraud detection algorithms, processes of identification, discovery, analysis, redesign, implementation and deployment, execution and monitoring, analysis of purchase plans and Procurement provides the possibility of tracking the information, political, monetary and back and forth flows of medicine, which represents its supply and demand among the manufacturer, government sector, patients, pharmacies, insurers, retailers of raw materials and importers. and reduces the possibility of fraud and corruption.Also, allocating treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country will be reduced to a great extent, which can be more effective for special and incurable patients, we know for certain that the required medicine for import and production, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to correctly identify and choose, with these created solutions, transparency is determined in whether the goal of the treatment program has been taken into account. Because we know that the distribution of special benefits is under the control of government officials and they define the priorities of subsidy allocation according to their decision-making power; This can be considered as one of the cases of corruption in the country's pharmaceutical industry. In the end, the improvement in the stock of raw materials and finished products, the non-issue of licenses for non-hazardous production lines in line with the production of hazardous drugs, the non-importation of domestic similar drugs, the elimination of middlemen and backdoors, the transparency of production costs. Transparency in contracts, transparency in the interests of the involved parties, transparency in payment to pharmaceutical companies, transparency in payment of pharmaceutical centers to drug dealers, transparency in pharmacy drug items, transparency in the risks after taking drugs, transparency in the way the budget is spent, The transparent and traceable payment system makes it clear whether the distribution and granting of licenses to natural or legal persons is done based on legal criteria and competently, while the government authority and decision-maker to avoid disclosure or The monopoly of the market cannot limit the transaction within the circle of friends and acquaintances, the benefit of political influence for the production of drugs and the distribution of imported drugs has been greatly reduced, the privileges have been removed from the circle of friends and acquaintances and in a competitive environment, they are given to companies. It will be real or legal that provide fair access to medical services.

Until the late 20th century, the economic situation of countries was directly related to the amount of energy they consumed, so that high consumption of energy carriers, especially in the industrial sector, was considered a sign of development.However, today, this relationship has changed, and other signs measure the exit of countries from the backwardness cycle. Despite these changes, our country is still struggling with the whirlpool of excessive consumption of energy carriers, so planning and using successful international experiences are needed to control the amount of energy consumed in the country. In this study, the energy balance sheet information of the country (from 1380 to 1396) was first analyzed using Python software, and an accurate picture of the challenges and the amount of resource waste in the production, distribution, and consumption chain was drawn. Also, the business model of 25 successful startups in the world energy industry that have led to increased energy efficiency on the platform of emerging technologies has been studied, and an optimized business model for improving energy efficiency in Iran has been designed. Finally, in line with the extracted model in the path of solving the challenges of the energy production to consumption chain, a technological platform for smartening the energy industry has been proposed, which is a ground for innovation and value creation and the use of innovations and creativity of startups.

The main factor in successful supply chain financing services is the use of business-oriented information systems. The current research aimed to further associate blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) and apply them in the field of supply chain finance. The research presents a new information management framework based on blockchain technology and IoT, which contributes to information transparency in the supply chain financing process. By managing information based on blockchain technology and IoT, the operational cost of the entire supply chain can be greatly reduced due to the integration of capital, information, and commercial flows in the supply chain. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) In a symmetric information environment subject to the limitation of maximizing the expected return of all parties, the incentive subsidy under the compatible incentive mechanism has a positive relationship with the maturity of blockchain technology and the operational capability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a negative relationship with the action level coefficient, absolute risk aversion coefficient, and external uncertainty of these companies. (2) The expected income that satisfies the mechanism of incentive compatibility has a positive relationship with the maturity of the blockchain technology, the broker’s profitability, and the net profit received by the employer. (3) In an asymmetric information environment, a varied incentive subsidy is more effective than an equal incentive subsidy in different SMEs with different operational capabilities and provides different incentives for these companies. Therefore, it can be concluded that in a symmetrical information environment, the equal incentive subsidy is more effective, but in an asymmetric information environment, a varied incentive subsidy is more effective.

In the digital age, blockchain technology is recognized as an operational innovation that is rapidly joining the field of supply chain and humanitarian logistics. Hence, blockchain technology has the potential to fundamentally change the field of humanitarian aid, but still relatively little research has been published aimed at improving understanding of the various barriers to blockchain adoption in humanitarian logistics. The aim of this research is to provide an integrated framework for evaluating the barriers to blockchain adoption in the field of humanitarian logistics. To assess the barriers, integrated approach has been applied in three phases. In the first phase of this approach, based on the literature, 10 barriers to the adoption of blockchain in humanitarian logistics are identified and evaluated using the FMEA method. In the second phase, using the opinions of experts, the weights of the three factors are calculated. Then, in the third phase and according to the outputs of the previous phases, obstacles are prioritized using the proposed Z-ARAS method. In addition to assigning different weights to the three factors considering uncertainty and reliability in barriers is also considered in this approach through the theory of Z numbers. The proposed approach of current study was implemented in the evaluation of blockchain adoption barriers in humanitarian logistics. According to the results, the most critical barriers concern with integrating issues, risk of cyber-attacks, and technology risks. The results shown the capability and superiority of the proposed approach compared to other traditional methods such as FMEA and Fuzzy ARAS.

In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, advanced technologies are reshaping production and business models across various industries, offering new opportunities for enhanced competitiveness but also introducing challenges in terms of adoption and optimization (Wong et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2021). Notably, the convergence of advanced technology and humanitarian logistics is crucial, especially in addressing natural and man-made disasters (Ar et al., 2020; Dubey et al., 2020). This necessitates effective management and the combination of humanitarian logistics with blockchain technology, although this integration comes with multifaceted challenges (Baharmand et al., 2021).
To address these challenges, we explore the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method as a systematic approach to identify and assess barriers and risks. Traditional FMEA approaches rely on subjective evaluations, which introduce uncertainty into the results. In this context, our research aims to introduce an innovative approach that addresses these limitations by integrating the ARAS method and Z-numbers theory. This approach allows for more reliable prioritization of barriers related to blockchain technology adoption in humanitarian logistics, enhancing the robustness and effectiveness of decision-making processes. In this extended abstract, we present our method and compare its outcomes with traditional approaches to prioritize barriers and risks in blockchain technology adoption within humanitarian logistics. Also, the barriers to blockchain technology adoption in humanitarian logistics and how to prioritize these barriers are among the main research questions.

Blockchain technology is gaining traction in supply chains due to its diverse applications and unique advantages. As supply chains face increasing disruptions, blockchain technology adoption can address challenges and enhance performance (Akhavan & Philsoophian, 2022; Hald & Kinra, 2019). Blockchain structures data into interconnected blocks, ensuring the security and transparency of transactions (Akhavan & Namvar, 2021; Azizi et al., 2021). Blockchain technology is appealing for supply chains due to four main characteristics: encouraging data sharing, minimizing fraudulent transactions, ensuring data immutability, and providing asset security (Babich & Hilary, 2020; Cole, Stevenson, & Aitken, 2019; Rahimi, Akhavan, Philsofian, & Darabi, 2022).
Research on blockchain applications in humanitarian logistics primarily focuses on motivations, such as improved collaboration, transparency, trust, cost reduction, intermediary removal, and shared participation (Baharmand, Maghsoudi, et al., 2021; Seyedsayamdost & Vanderwal, 2020). However, more research is needed in this area (Sahebi, Masoomi, & Ghorbani, 2020). Existing studies have identified barriers to blockchain adoption in humanitarian supply chains, including financial constraints, senior management support, organizational readiness, technological complexity, infrastructure, technology compatibility, and regulatory issues (Baharmand & Comes, 2019).
Multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) have been used to improve FMEA's performance (Ghoushchi et al., 2021; Ghoushchi et al., 2022). These approaches often combine FMEA with methods like GRA, BWM, TOPSIS, and AHP in various fuzzy environments. Such integrated methods have been proposed for barrer identification in the context of blockchain adoption (Li, Li, Sun, & Wang, 2018; Lo & Liou, 2018; Kolios, Umofia, & Shafiee, 2017; Carpitella, Certa, Izquierdo, & La Fata, 2018; Sayyadi Tooranloo & Ayatollah, 2017). Additionally, unified methods like MOORA have been applied to address specific challenges in different contexts (Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Memarpour Ghiaci, et al., 2022).
The literature indicates a gap in research on blockchain applications in humanitarian logistics, as most studies focus on business supply chains. Using insights from business supply chains to inform decisions in humanitarian logistics can be misleading, given their fundamental differences (Baharmand, Saeed, Comes, & Lauras, 2021). Consequently, this study aims to address these gaps by proposing an extended FMEA approach based on MCDM methods to identify and prioritize barriers to blockchain adoption in humanitarian logistics, using Z-numbers theory.

The proposed approach of this research is presented, utilizing FMEA and Z-ARAS methods for barrier assessment. The proposed approach consists of three phases. In the first phase, barriers are identified, and the values of the criteria are scored by the FMEA team using linguistic variables from Z-number theory. In the second phase, considering the differences in the importance of criteria, the weight of each criterion is determined based on expert opinions as triangular fuzzy numbers. In the third phase, based on the results of the first and second phases, barrier prioritization is performed while taking into account the criterion weights, using the Z-ARAS method. Unlike the conventional fuzzy ARAS method, the Z-ARAS method can consider uncertainty and reliability for each criterion concerning the options. In this method, after determining the decision matrix, which comprises fuzzy numbers and reliability values (Z-numbers), these values are transformed into triangular fuzzy numbers, and then the Z-ARAS method is executed.

Humanitarian logistics is a relatively new area of research. The impact of humanitarian logistics is crucial, as it saves lives and improves conditions. Research has shown that effective humanitarian logistics is a key driver for the performance of humanitarian organizations. Currently, there exists a significant gap in humanitarian logistics research, particularly in developing countries, between theoretical research and practical implementation.
The adoption of blockchain technology will play a pivotal role in the future development of humanitarian logistics. Therefore, the identification and prioritization of barriers to adopting blockchain technology in humanitarian logistics have gained increasing importance. In this study, an enhanced approach to FMEA is proposed using the Z-ARAS method. Based on the results obtained, "Integration Issues," "Cybersecurity Risks," and "Technology Risks" have been chosen as critical barriers to blockchain technology adoption in humanitarian logistics and are given priority for mitigation and resource allocation. The use of this enhanced approach has addressed some of the limitations of the conventional FMEA method, such as not providing a complete ranking of options. While the developed FMEA approach using the Z-ARAS method is a promising and reliable method, it has limitations. This model may be complex for decision-makers, and it is expected that software tools will be developed to assist decision-makers using this enhanced approach. Additionally, the interaction and impact of barriers were not discussed in this study. Future work can analyze the interplay between barriers to identify critical barriers. Furthermore, researchers can consider multi-criteria decision-making methods like PIPRECIA, SWARA, BWM, and others to determine the importance and weights of criteria. Developing the FMEA method using multi-criteria decision-making methods such as MARCOS, EDAS, CoCoSo, and others for ranking barriers in uncertain environments, including pythagorean, q-rung, and spherical fuzzy scenarios, is also suggested for future studies. Regardless of the issue used for implementing the proposed approach in this research, this approach can be applied to identify and analyze risks and failure modes in various scenarios.

This study aims to explore the impact of blockchain technology on enhancing transparency and security in financial transactions within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. A qualitative research approach was utilized, employing semi-structured interviews with experts and practitioners in the field of blockchain and finance. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify key themes and categories. The study identified five main themes: Transparency in Transactions, Security of Transactions, Impact on Entrepreneurship, Adoption and Challenges, and Technological Infrastructure. Each theme encompasses various sub-categories and concepts highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of implementing blockchain in financial transactions. Blockchain technology offers significant opportunities to enhance transparency and security in financial transactions. However, widespread adoption is contingent upon overcoming technical and regulatory challenges. Future research should focus on developing practical strategies for blockchain integration into various sectors.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective factors of blockchain technology in human resource management using the SWOT model.
The research method is mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was information technology experts in the field of blockchain and management, who were selected using a targeted method (N=20). In the quantitative section, 217 employees of specialized energy parent holdings were selected by simple random sampling method and Morgan's Table. The validity of the tool was confirmed by the face, content and sconstruct methods and the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (0.72 to 0.85). Using the Smart PL software, the third edition, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of blockchain technology in human resource management were confirmed. Then, in the process of hierarchical analysis, the obtained items were ranked by Expert Choice software.
A total of 8 items for strength factors, 6 items for weakness factors, 5 items for threat factors and 5 items for opportunity factors were confirmed. Among internal factors, the highest priority is access to information related to current or future employees' qualifications, and among external factors, creating a safe environment and easy access to correct information. The results of the SWOT matrix showed that based on the final score of the evaluation matrix of external factors (2.42) and internal factors (2.8), the position of the organization is in the house of SO, which means offensive strategy.
Based on the obtained results, it can be said that specialized parent holdings have opportunities in their external environment and have good strengths internally. Therefore, the proper use of blockchain technology and information management can be employed to better understand, analyze the performance and behavior of current employees and attract future employees and provide development plans; along with the use of this technology, determining salaries and wages based on merit and other effective items can be useful.

The purpose of this research is to "investigate the impact of technology applications and information needs on supply chain management with the mediating role of blockchain technology in tourism (case study: tourist places in Tehran province)". In this regard, while reviewing concepts such as tourism and blockchain technology, the mediating role of blockchain technology in tourism has been investigated using the structural equation modeling method. The studied community includes tourists of tourist places in Tehran province. Due to the unlimited statistical population, the sample size was determined to be 384 people using the Morgan Karjesi table. In order to collect data in this research, a questionnaire has been used, whose validity has been confirmed in the form of content validity by experts, construct and structure validity by confirmatory factor analysis in smart pls software, and its reliability by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in spss software. In order to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to test normality, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to check the hypotheses in smart pls software. The results showed that the applications of technology and information needs and related components have a significant impact on blockchain technology in tourism, and thus it improves supply chain management.

Securing adequate financial resources is the primary challenge of entrepreneurial ventures in their establishment and growth. Initial coin offering, an innovative entrepreneurial fundraising method, caters to this critical need, but its success depends on acceptance by the public, similar to crowdfunding. Trusting such a radical innovation faces resistance, making the initial coin offering's success, diffusion, and institutionalization contingent on legitimacy and widespread reputation. Although numerous studies have explored the success factors of Initial Coin Offering (ICO), only a few have utilized the potent legitimacy theory in cryptocurrency-based crowdfunding, which bridges societal values and financial technology. Consequently, this research aims to identify and prioritize the cognitive legitimacy sources contributing to the success of blockchain-based business token offerings, essentially examining how startups can gain legitimacy to secure capital successfully. The research is an applied study that adopted a practical and qualitative approach and was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 26 cryptocurrency investors and experts. Data was analyzed through thematic and content analysis methods by adopting the grounded theory coding approach, which led to the identification and prioritization of 13 cognitive legitimacy sources. The results reveal that "extensive information disclosure by the business" and "adequate investor knowledge of the initial coin offerings" are the most legitimizing cognitive legitimacy sources. This study's findings and recommendations offer valuable insights for academic researchers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and digital currency investors.

In order to investigate the impact of a technology on the business model, it is necessary to examine the characteristics of that technology and how to use those characteristics in order to benefit from opportunities and deal with threats, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of blockchain on financial innovations. The statistical population of this research is more than 100 thousand people and the statistical sample using Morgan's table is 384 people. Information is collected by library, field and internet methods. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and supervisors. Also, the measuring tool is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by Latman (2016) and has 36 questions. Data analysis software is the Spss software package. A 5-point Likert scale was used for the questionnaire. The research results showed that some of the key features of blockchain technology will have a direct impact on the banking industry. These key features include dynamism, identity preservation, information security, lower cost, time saving, trust building, decentralized and impenetrable blockchain technology and financial innovations and value transfer in banking. Each of these features will affect different aspects of the business model.

The purpose of the present study was the interpretative structural modeling of the factors affecting the application of blockchain technology in the banking industry. This study is based on the practical purpose and from the perspective of the method in the field of mixed studies with deductive-inductive approach. Identifying the effective factors on the application of blockchain technology in the banking industry was done through semi-structured interviews based on theoretical saturation with professors in the field of information technology, banking management and experts active in the banking industry. T, the opinions of senior managers and experts in the banking industry in the number of 50 people were used with the purposeful sampling method and with the help of a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and test-post-test method. Coding the resulting data using Atlas.ti software led to the identification of 14 factors affecting the application of blockchain technology in the banking industry. Modeling of the identified factors with interpretive structural method led to the formation of seven levels, policies, awareness and regulation were the most effective factors and productivity was the most impressionable factor.

Since Facebook officially changed its name to Metaverse in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users’ digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the metaverse, we aim to provide an extensive survey on the applications of blockchain for the metaverse. We first present a preliminary to blockchain and the metaverse and highlight the motivations behind the use of blockchain for the metaverse. Next, we extensively discuss blockchain-based methods for the metaverse from technical perspectives, such as data acquisition, data storage, data sharing, data interoperability, and data privacy preservation. For each perspective, we first discuss the technical challenges of the metaverse and then highlight how blockchain can help. Moreover, we investigate the impact of blockchain on key-enabling technologies in the metaverse, including Internet-of-Things, digital twins, multi-sensory and immersive applications, artificial intelligence, and big data. We also present some major projects to showcase the role of blockchain in metaverse applications and services. Finally, we present some promising directions to drive further research innovations and developments towards the use of blockchain in the metaverse in the future

Ensuring the quality of goods during their transportation along the supply chain has always been an important issue. Blockchain technology, with data registration, guaranteeing its transparency and immutability, has always attracted the attention of researchers in the field of supply chain. In Iran, due to the increasing growth of competitors in the dairy industry, increasing productivity in the supply chain of this industry is an important issue. The purpose of this research is to introduce the effective factors in the implementation of blockchain in the dairy products industry and also to examine their structural relationships. For this purpose, after extracting the factors from the research literature, its effectiveness was determined by the fuzzy Delphi technique. Out of the 39 extracted indicators, 27 indicators remained in the research and were analyzed with fuzzy Dimetal technique. According to the results of fuzzy fuzzy analysis, considering the maturity level of blockchain technology is the most effective factor and creating speed is the most effective factor for the implementation of blockchain in the desired industry. The results of this research will help those who plan to implement blockchain in the dairy products company to know the factors they should consider for this work. The studies of subsequent researchers can facilitate the achievement of this goal by modeling or presenting how to implement this technology in the desired industry. Also, researchers can investigate different application areas for blockchain implementation.

According to the progress of new technologies, changes in the use of technologies in all fields are necessary and important.In this way, there is a need for a transformation in the strategic view and knowledge management with an approach to these technologies. The main goal of this research is to achieve the model of strategic knowledge management with the use of Internet of Things based on block chain in the defense sector, which intends to solve the shortcomings and challenges of knowledge management by using these two technologies. The type of research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, in order to achieve the results from the research literature, a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) has been used. In the first step, the dimensions and components of the proposed model have been extracted using the Delphi method, in the second step, the relationships between the components, the network of components, and the leveling of the components have been done using the quantitative methods of Dimtel and structural equations.The results of this research show that "Knowledge creation", "Implementation and implementation of strategies", "Evaluation and control of strategies" and "Knowledge sharing" are the most effective components, respectively, and that "Knowledge sharing" has the strongest relationship with other components.Also, the components of "storage (distributed database)", "authentication", "interactivity" and "improving cooperation and transfer" are part of the cause components, among which "storage (distributed database)", It is the most effective component.

Recently, Iran has been facing economic problems and the latest technologies can help to overcome or facilitate its progress. Blockchain is one of the emerging technologies in the new era that through in-depth study on this topic and finding appropriate operational solutions can promote the tourism marketing. The present study follows three main objectives 1) to investigate the positive dimensions of blockchain in Iran's tourism boom, 2) to recognize the negative dimensions of blockchain in Iran's tourism boom, 3) to identify the appropriate strategies to manage the effective application of blockchain in Iran's tourism boom. Thematic analysis was used in this study. The results of data analysis illustrated that the positive dimensions of using blockchain in Iran's tourism can classified in 7 categories such as: To facilitate financial transactions in tourism, to eliminate of intermediaries in tourism, To facilitate contracts in the field of tourism, to facilitate travel planning and process, to facilitate validation and authentication, etc. In addition, the negative impacts of blockchain was also classified in 7 categories as follow: Lack of knowledge and acceptance of this technology, the inherent limitations of this technology, etc. Furthermore, the results of thematic analysis demonstrated several appropriate operational solutions which can promote tourism in Iran: policy making for use of blockchain technology in tourism; introducing the types and tourism segments which can be more active by using blockchain t; culturization organizing educational programs and workshops regarding using blockchain and its services; attracting foreign investors in the field of tourism