جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Passive defense » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Increasing insight, law enforcement knowledge, and using active and passive defense mechanisms have a significant role in crisis management, and many disasters can be solved with these mechanisms in the society. The current research aims to provide a structural equation modeling (SEM) of the relationship between insight and crisis management mediated by passive defense mechanism.

This is a descriptive survey using SEM method. The study population consists of the employees of Isfahan police department (FAA) in Isfahan, Iran, who had participated in the provincial insight courses (n=240). The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula. By using simple random sampling method, 148 eligible employees were selected, all of whom were second-level managers. The standard crisis management questionnaires of Jahanbakhsh et al. (2015), a researcher-made insight scale with 14 items, and a researcher-made questionnaire of passive defense with 30 items were used to collect data. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, correlation test, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and SEM were used in SPSS software, version 20 and Smart PLS software, version 3.

The findings showed that insight and its components together with passive defense had a significant relationship with crisis management. The variable of passive defense also had a significant mediating role in the relationship between insight and crisis management.

increasing insight is one of the important factors in improving the quality of crisis management along with paying attention to the dimensions and components of passive defense. One of the strengths of this study was the attention to the hidden layers of crisis management in the performance of police missions. By understanding the concept of passive defense, the relationship between insight and crisis management can be understood and it can be used to prevent and deal with internal and external threats.

Passive defense is an important issue such that developed countries have dedicated an important part of their comprehensive and national plans to this matter. In developing countries such as Iran, where urban infrastructure is still under construction, the need to pay attention to passive defense to reduce the damages is more important. The present study aims to locate the optimal places for multipurpose urban shelters based on the principles of passive defense in Isfahan, Iran.

Ten indicators were selected for locating the optimal places based on four main criteria (demographic, functional, physical and natural/environmental). Their coefficients of importance were determined using the analysis network process (ANP) method. The coefficients were used in the information layers in the GIS software, version 10.5. By overlaying the layers, the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters were identified.

Two demographic and functional criteria with weights of 0.429 and 0.321, respectively, were the most important criteria and two indicators of “distance from the crowded places” and “distance from the centers prone to enemy attacks” were the most important indicators with weights of 0.303 and 0.126, respectively. The results of the combined analysis (ANP-GIS) showed that the northeastern and southeastern regions were the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters.

It is necessary to use the principles and operational strategies of non-active defense with emphasis on the principle of neighborhood for the location of urban shelters. The innovation of the present research is in the indicators used and also the scope of the study.

Energy infrastructure, as one of the key assets of the country, has a network and trans-provincial function due to the interaction with other infrastructures. If it is disrupted due to the occurrence of intentional man-made threats, other sectors will also face challenges. Therefore, it is important for decision-makers and managers to have a rational view of energy infrastructure threats. Based on this, this research with the aim of prioritization of threats by using quantitative techniques of hierarchical analysis tries to prove this hypothesis that it seems that the spectrum of perceived threats should be investigated regarding the assets of the energy sector and proposed measures to reduce its vulnerability according to each one. In this regard, the current research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information will be a combination of qualitative library and document collection method and quantitative information collection using a closed semi-structured questionnaire. The data analysis method will be mixed, using the WBM method and quantitative statistical analysis, and the analysis of cause and effect relationships will be the qualitative method of analyzing the findings. The results of the research, the validity and reliability of which has been confirmed by the community of experts, indicated that in Hamadan province, the damage intensity index has the most weight in determining the importance of threats, and due to the presence of active defense equipment in the province Hamadan has assigned the least weight to the enemy capability index in determining the importance of threats. The results show that air-missile threats are the most important threat to the energy infrastructure in Hamadan province, but it is not the highest priority. The cyber threat is not the most important threat due to its lower intensity, but it is highly preferred for hostile groups due to the few negative consequences.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the sustainable food ration supply model with passive defense approach.
In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied-developmental research type and in terms of method, it is a qualitative research with a theme analysis approach. The statistical population of this research includes all the managers and experts of I.R.I. Police Logistics Department, commanders of special units, deputies of Logistics and special unit commanders of police provinces, experts in the fields of logistics and passive defense. Sampling in this research was done until the theoretical saturation with 15 individuals. Data collection in this research was done using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was also done using theme analysis method.
The results of the theme analysis showed that the sustainable ration with the passive defense approach consists of seven main indicators, including the difference, characteristics of the ration, principles of logistics, quantity, quality, characteristic of the supplier and method of supply.
Compliance with the principles of passive defense in providing sustainable food rations was one of the issues that were not paid attention to in previous research, and this gap was resolved in the current research. Therefore, in determining the characteristics of the logistics of the sustainable ration required in the conditions of passive defense, it is necessary to observe the principles of logistics and adequacy of food packages according to the indicators of purchase, resources, database, suitability with climatic conditions for cultivation, and nutritional model for various conditions.

Infrastructure is a unified network , where the occurrence of disruptions in a infrastructure can spread in all parts of the country and the extent of disturbance caused can affect national , economic and … state security . for this purpose , the main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize effective environmental threats and to provide solutions to principles and principles of passive defense , after reviewing concepts , definitions , upstream documents and studing different types of threats in the field of infrastructure facilities through library and library methods , designing and distributing questionnaires among experts and related experts . then , by preparing questionnaire and prioritization of environmental factors on the basis of swot model and was evaluated by spss software . the results of this study indicate that protection of infrastructure facilities in the field of power plants with passive defense approach requires increasing knowledge of managers and experts in the country in relation to emerging threats , increasing the level of monitoring measures , applying new methods and protective equipment , observance of the principle of dispersion in design and layout of fuel tanks , holding various trainings in preparation , using effective international experiences in the field of safety .

The historical context in Iranian cities in the field of crisis management has been one of the serious challenges of the trustees. The city of Shiraz has a wide historical-cultural context with very valuable elements that over time and for various reasons such as physical problems and micro-fineness of the texture, instability of buildings, lack of proper urban infrastructure, including narrow and organic accesses, Lack of open spaces for residents to use in times of crisis, lack of sewage and other social and economic problems are significant examples in which the need for effective measures in crisis management is obvious.The aim of this study was to identify the drivers of crisis management in the central part of Shiraz using the mix method. First, by studying the researches done in the field of problems and solutions to improve the worn and historical texture, to extract the criteria and indicators and by using the interaction analysis method in Mick Mac software, the most important criteria Influential in the field of crisis management in the central part of the city was identified. Among these factors, we can mention the observance of the privacy of ancient monuments, the landuse of the current situation, Fine-grained plots, the observance of the privacy of Aqueducts and canals, The potential for improved access, as the most important and effective criteria Then, according to the passive defense approach, solutions for crisis management were presented in a case study.

The research was done to identify the threats of the political dimension of national security and the solutions to deal with them from the point of view of passive defense in the country. in terms of data; It is mixed exploratory and in terms of the type of study, it is a cross-sectional survey based on the Delphi type.In the statistical sample of the present research with a qualitative nature and with targeted sampling, 30 experts in the field of passive defense and national security were selected, whose opinions were collected using the Delphi method and in three stages. The factor was identified as a component and 140 indicators. In terms of quantitative nature, the statistical population of the research was formed by students of the field of non-operational defense at Farabi and Data universities, as well as expert professors of the staff of the non-operational defense organization, in this field, in the number of 200 people.The validity of the questionnaire was also checked and confirmed with content validity and construct validity. To determine the level of reliability, Cronbach's alpha test with a test coefficient of 0.9 and combined reliability was used, as well as the factor structure of the final indicators using both methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and using SPSS and Smart software. PLS reviewed. First, to check whether the indicators of political threats and passive defense in the political field of national security among the statistical sample of the research will repeat the structure of nine factors or not; exploratory factor analysis with varimax was checked on the data, and the results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the indicators can be identified reduced to six factors and the results of confirmatory factor analysis show that the final model has a good.

A cursory look at the wars of recent decades indicates that cities are among the initial and basic targets for the enemy during war due to the existence of centers of accumulation of material and human capital as well as the existence of sensitive, vital and important facilities and centers. Therefore, strengthening the country against threats is considered to be the most effective and sustainable method of defense, which the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and the Commander-inChief, Imam Khamenei (may God bless him and grant him peace) emphasized on it many times. Considering the importance and necessity of making the country resilient and immune to all kinds of threats from the perspective of Imam Khamenei, the current research aims to identify and analyze the key drivers of strengthening the country against threats based on the perspective of Imam Khamenei, to this main question. It will answer that from Imam Khamenei's point of view, what are the key drivers for strengthening the country against threats? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and it was used to collect information from library sources and publications to refer to the contents and statements of the leader related to the subject by using the Hadith Velayat software and also taking a sample from the information base of the Office of Preservation and Publication of Works. The result obtained from this research using the data sufficiency method indicates that the key drivers of making the country resistant to threats from the perspective of Imam Khamenei (the Exalted) include improving the power of effective deterrence, making the country immune to harm, taking preventive measures to continue the activities It is necessary to increase national stability and pay attention to crisis management.

One of the important aspects of urban development is paying attention to the quality and quantity of the city's vulnerability to damage caused by military attacks, and in a good and safe city, the application of passive defense principles plays an important role.

The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. Library and documentary studies as well as field observations are the methods of gathering information in this research, and the means of gathering information include observation, questionnaires, and questionnaires. The statistical population of the research was experts and specialists in the field of urban issues, and the sampling among them was done in a cluster manner and 30 people among them were considered as the sample size.

There is a need to prepare a comprehensive passive defense plan for region four, where Omid town is located, and the principles of passive defense should be included in urban plans and programs, as well as for more efficient management, a map should be prepared for vulnerable areas.

It has been determined that the total score of these strengths factors in Omid town is equal to 3.463, which is higher than the target average (2.5), which is in a good condition. Also, in terms of weaknesses, it has been determined that the total final score is equal to 2.618, which shows that Omid town, along with its strengths, faces many weaknesses in Ayman city planning

Background and objective :

Urban security is one of the important challenges for urban managers and planners. In this regard, the passive defense approach in urbanization and residential constructions is considered by urban management as a way to cope with natural and man-made disasters and manage the crisis. The present study aims to develop a conceptual model for the architectural compatibility of buildings in Eslamshahr County, Tehran, Iran, with passive defense principles by assessing the compatible and non-compatible elements to provide essential strategies. 

Method:

 This is a quantitative-qualitative study. The participants were 30 experts in the field of urban security in Eslamshahr. The data analysis was done using statistical tests such as binominal test, one sample T-test, exploratory factor analysis, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) technique.

Results :

The results indicated that the constructions in Eslamshahr are not so compatible with the passive defense principles; the level of compatibility was low to moderate.

Conclusion :

The conceptual model was based on four main categories, including stimulating factors, developing factors, leading factors, and supportive factors. The relations between these categories were set according to the structure of a car wheel, which can be the basis for using stable and safe architecture in constructions.

Background and objective :

This study aim is to find the optimal location form backup land uses from the perspective of passive defense in Urmia City. This is an applied, descriptive, and analytical study. 

Method :

Data collection was done using documentary data, a field study, and a questionnaire. Participants were 10 experts in this subject, who were selected purposefully. The network analysis process (ANP) was used to analyze the data. A dynamic and comprehensive model was prepared to locate fuel centers, fire stations, and hospitals from the perspective of passive defense. 

Results:

 The findings showed that Ali Gorge neighborhood and a part of the Hezaran neighborhood were suitable places for fire stations. Ali Gorge neighborhood was a completely suitable location for fuel stations. Moreover, the neighborhoods of Ali Gorge and Haft-Asiab were completely suitable locations for the construction of hospitals. 

Conclusion :

It can be concluded that Ali Gorge neighborhood has more suitable conditions than other neighborhoods for locating backup land uses. Therefore, special attention should be paid to this neighborhood by the city managers.

Cities are required to meet the needs of their citizens. In the way of encountering the needs of damage, natural and unnatural damage in the city environment makes this process more complicated and on the other hand it can show. The issue of passive defense in such cases where the saving of human lives is a key factor, provides the conditions for organizing the city and resolving the issues. Therefore, every fire station must be able to send its rescue forces to the scene of the incident within 5 minutes from the time the fire is detected until it is contained. Therefore, the correct distribution of fire stations in the city is one of the essential and key issues in advanced cities. In this regard, the present research has investigated the spatial distribution of fire stations in Tabriz city in critical conditions. In other words, the aim of this article is to analyze the optimal distribution of fire stations in Tabriz city with the passive defense approach.

According to the purpose of the research, the descriptive-analytical research method and the use of library studies have been used to prepare the questionnaire. In this research, Delphi technique as well as Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method and network analysis have been used to evaluate the importance of information layers. The effective layers in locating suitable areas for firefighting centers have been combined and overlapped. In this regard, proximity to compatible uses, distance from incompatible uses, population density, access, land price and functional radius of fire stations have been considered in the context of geographic information system. The criteria for locating fire stations have been selected by studying the literature, and after checking the effective criteria, its application has been evaluated in a case study.

The population factor should be considered as one of the important components in the construction of fire stations. Therefore, the areas with high population density are considered to be suitable areas for building fire stations. On the other hand, factors such as proximity to main roads, land price, coverage radius of existing fire stations, proximity to residential, commercial, medium and small sports areas, proximity to gas stations and distance from passenger terminal, religious centers, health care centers and big sport complexes are among the important factors in locating and building fire stations. According to the network analysis, the 5-minute time coverage of existing fire stations in Tabriz city is 55%, and therefore, the lack of this essential use in the city can pointed out.

Based on the results of the analysis, three priorities and necessities were identified and introduced according to the existing conditions in order to build new fire station locations. Thus, the northern and northwestern parts of Tabriz city were evaluated as suitable parts, the central parts of the city relatively unsuitable and the southeastern parts of Tabriz unsuitable for building fire stations.

The need to pay attention to organizing an efficient housing and urban development system and the need to concentrate on new urban planning ideas and defense planning of the city to achieve the goals of urban defense seem very important. Nowadays, the housing system in cities is in a dilemma; on the one hand, the expansion of cities and the formation of new urban patterns, and on the other hand, worn-out and marginal urban textures that are somehow vulnerable to disasters and hazards. The present study used a descriptive-analytical method and library and field work with emphasis on the principles of passive defense and identification of the components and indicators of vulnerability and zoning of danger in four components of natural, physical, social and economic with 45 sub-indices. It also examined earthquake-vulnerable areas comprehensively as well as the neighborhood-spatial structure of Kermanshah urban areas in order to reduce the risk from a defense perspective. In this paper, with fundamental studies related to the spatial structure based on earthquake risk, the formation and collection of experts' opinions and its analysis in the form of taxonomic and Vikor models and the required database in ArcGIS software environment were drawn. In addition to risk zoning, vulnerable neighborhoods and settlements were identified and the necessary defense strategies were provided to reduce vulnerability.

Safety and security against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and attention to the passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of the formation of cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide management strategies to reduce the existing risk and city management in times of crisis with a passive defense approach.

The method used in this research is applied based on the purpose and quantitative in terms of method. In this research, first, the vulnerability of each asset against physical and non-physical threats is determined, and using the obtained results, the total vulnerability index is also determined, and its spatial distribution is analyzed in all three categories. In the next step, management strategies were determined and prioritized using the matrix of internal and external factors.

The results showed that defensive strategies are the best possible strategies for the city of Bojnurd. Based on the results, seven six were determined as the main strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Bojnurd city, which are the first and seventh strategies in order of priority: Strengthening land transportation infrastructure in order to strengthen tourism; and Diversifying the water supply sources of the city or strengthening the water safety of Shirin Dareh dam.

Based on the results of this research, it can be said that many assets of Bojnurd city, especially assets that a large part of the population depends on their services, are under threat. Also, in terms of spatial distribution, the northern area of the city had the highest level of vulnerability, and the highest density of assets of city are also located in this area, and this geographical compatibility has aggravated the vulnerability of the city.

Improving the performance and efficiency of the Army logistics to meet the needs of the units in asymmetric threats and effective and optimal support of the Army, requires knowing the effective characteristics and considerations on logistics unit in this atmosphere. This study aims to identify the effective considerations on Army logistics in asymmetric threats, with a passive defense approach. In this applied research the method is descriptive- qualitative and case-contextual quantitative. First, the desired information was collected using the library method. Then, through the descriptive method and using the collected information, the characteristics and indicators of asymmetric threats and elements of Army logistics were calculated and presented in the form of a questionnaire. At the end, the collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS software. The results of the research show that the structure and organization, air vulnerability, territorial arrangement and information technology are considered as the most important considerations affecting the Army logistics in the asymmetric threats atmosphere with the passive defense approach

Nahaja, as an equipment-oriented force, needs centers of gravity and Resistant and safe infrastructure in order to be at the highest level of combat readiness to respond to any threat.The main purpose of the research is to develop physical defense strategies in Nahaja and answer the raised research questions using a mixed method and case study. The total statistical population is 65 people, of whom twenty people were known as experts of the community. Data collection was by field method using interview with experts, questionnaire and library method, and the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha, was 0.889. To do so, expertise approach was run to extract the environmental factors namely strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. Drawing upon the David method, following that, the environmental internal and external factors were separated, and the effective variables and cyrrent status were determined Accordingly, based on the determined IFE and EFE, the current status compared to the desired one was defined, and by forming a SWOT matrix, physical defense strategies in Nahaja were developed. Ultimately, using the QSPM matrix and consideirng the priorities, "upgarding the physical quality through the development of local capacities using intelligent and integrative technical knowledge management with the aim of reducing the physical vulnerability of Nahaja" with a value of 7.90 was rated first.

Population growth and economic considerations are two main urban constraints that have brought many consequences including vertical growth and increasing subsurface spaces development. Many roles, functions and abilities can be counted for subsurface spaces. Lack of land ownership, impunity and the possibility of continuity of infrastructure services, the transfer of some facilities that are harmful to urban environment to the underground level, reducing energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, exploiting civil defense and many other issues of are among the benefits of subsurface spaces that are being deployed. In this research, using Q methodology based on the results of studies related to subsurface spaces and resiliency and the analysis of existing discursive space, a comprehensive understanding of the role of subsurface space development in resiliency of cities was obtained; then, using experts' contributions, different perspectives were identified and categorized so that they would go beyond the set of analyses presented. The findings of the research based on Q's analysis of the factor analysis indicated four approaches to the role of sub-surface development in resilient cities. The first approach reflects the continuity of services; the second approach is rescue and relief, the third approach is urban safety and security, and the fourth approach is environmental protection. In fact, in this study, the capacity of subsurface spaces that could increase the resiliency and return ability of cities against all kinds of threats and accidents was determined.

In this paper a stable multi-objective model of location,inventory,supply chain routing in conditions of uncertainty with a passive defense approach is presented.In the studied model,parameters such as demand.facility establishment cost and inventory maintenance cost are considered as indefinite and in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers.Also, in order to increase the resilience of the supply chain,the characteristics and capabilities of passive defense in the supply chain such as"ready flow rate","security of backup routes"and "possibility of deployment of resources and equipment" and the principle of dispersion for location were considered.First, a fuzzy multi-objective mathematical model was designed and then a stable supply chain model with a passive defense approach, using methods such as LP metric, a unique single-objective model, was generated and solved in Gomez software environment for small problems. The presented mathematics was validated. After checking the validity of the model, multivariate multi-objective particle mass algorithms based on Pareto archive and NSGA-II were used to solve the model. Sample problems in three groups of small, medium and large were solved by two algorithms MOPSO and NSGA-II and the results of the two algorithms were compared based on quality, scatter,uniformity and execution time.The results of this section showed that the multi-objective particle mass algorithm in all cases has a higher ability to produce higher quality solutions and explore and extract the scalable area of the answer than the NSGA-II algorithm.Also, the comparison of the execution time of the algorithms indicates that the multi-objective particle mass algorithm has a higher solution time

This research is intended to assess the vulnerability of the subway stations in case of terrorist chemical threats. This is an applied study following a descriptive - analytical method. Relying on library studies, international standards and questionnaire, the researchers identified the effective indicators of vulnerability first, and then sought the effect of these factors on the northern stations of Tehran Metro Line 1. The reliability of the researcher made questioner was confirmed by experts, and the content validity was approved by CVR and CVI techniques. Data analysis was carried on by network analysis process (NAP), one of the most powerful techniques in decision making, as well as Super Decision Software were employed as the processing tools for ranking the stations and indicators. The results indicated that the Imam Khomeini station (weight: 0.0964) occupied the first rank, and Gheitariyeh station (weight: 0.039) was at the last rank in terms of detection techniques and reacting to vulnerability. Moreover, the indicator of “compiling and distributing manual” was at the first rank among the 11 approved indicators. This station rankings method helps managers investigate the effect of indicators on each station, identify minor indicators in them, and reinforce them to achieve uniform performance. Additionally, according to this ranking, the criterion of human performance plays a clear role in reducing the vulnerability of stations. This criterion includes training, culture, development and learning by the employees and travelers. It requires its own special methods.

Health activities are known as one of the most important support areas for crisis management in all crises, especially military crisis, so the use of preventive measures in this type of activities in A time of peace has become vital. Passive defense as another branch of crisis management in the country, with the type of threat of war and competitive attack, which increases deterrence, provides vital needs, continuous medical services and facilitation of the country in times of crisis. Changes. Using its considerations plays an important role in enhancing the capacity of health care activities in the face of the digital attack crisis. District 12 of Tehran as the central core of old Tehran, as well as the location of important decision-making institutions, the existence of Tehranchr('39')s Grand Bazaar (as the beating heart of the city and the countrychr('39')s economy) and the main center of guilds and commodity exchanges It is known that in the event of a military attack, not only this city and region but also the whole country will be in crisis. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to introduce a framework for measuring and evaluating the status of health activities in District 12 of Tehran from the perspective of a passive defense approach.

  First, using the method of "reviewing sources and documents (documentary studies)", the basics and principles of the passive defense approach are traced, and using the method of "indexing", the extracted principles are transformed into traceable elements and a measurable framework. It has been suggested that for them, using the methods of "spatial analysis" and "field survey (observation and interview)" to assess the status of health activities in District 12 of Tehran.

The assessment results indicate low building strength, long life of buildings, and lack of open surrounding spaces in most medical centers. As an output of research,

improvement and renovation, freeing up the surrounding space, facilitating access as well as locating centers for landing rescue helicopters around health activities in the region were proposed.